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Scale assessment in nursing process for children
BENEDIKTOVÁ, Anna
Introduction The nursing process is an integral part of quality nursing care in paediatrics. This process contains many individual components that can work together to create a whole that not only assists nurses, but also makes patients' hospital stays more enjoyable. One of the components is assessment and measurement scales. These can be focused on pain, consciousness, nutrition or fall risk. Objectives of the work The aim was to become familiar with assessment and measurement scales in paediatrics and to find out their application in the nursing process in selected paediatric wards. First, we investigated which assessment scales can be applied in the nursing process in children. This was followed by interviews in which we focused on the assessment scales used in the selected wards and how nurses view the use of assessment scales. Methodology The research was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, we searched the literature for assessment and measurement scales in paediatrics. In the second phase, we conducted closely interviews, which were conducted with nurses working in standard wards or in the ICU. The research investigation was developed by searching information from the literature and also using closely interviews with nurses in our selected wards. Data collection was conducted from January to June 2023. All interviews were recorded on a dictaphone and then transcribed into MS Word. The "pencil paper" method was used to analyse and code the data. Subsequently, the data was broken down into units, which were assigned appropriate codes and these were grouped into categories. These categories and subcategories were then worked into clear diagrams and described in detail. Results From the research we found that there are many scales for assessing pain, and not all can be applied to the same age. In addition, for each of the scales the correct tally or technique needs to be found and each is rated differently in the result. Nurses are familiar with the assessment scales they use on the wards and know what they are used for, but do not know their exact names, but rather a general one for the assessment issue. Most nurses spoke in general terms such as 'pain assessment', 'fall risk assessment', 'consciousness assessment'. Not all units use the same assessment techniques, nor do they all use the same assessment domains. Conclusion The results show that rating scales are an essential part of nursing documentation. So many assessment scales have been used that most wards are able to choose one that suits their particular issue and the department we selected did so. However, it is important to choose the right one with respect to the age and psychomotor development of the child. This bachelor's thesis can be used in the theoretical and practical part of teaching in Paediatric Nursing. The assessment techniques can be used in professional practice in the respective departments or we can offer a pain assessment scale that we have devised. It could assist nurses in diagnosing and determining the degree of pain in all ages.
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The most common errors in performing the crawl swimming method among children in the second and third grades from the Benešov district and their correction.
Dastychová, Martina ; Chvostek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Svobodová, Irena (referee)
Title: The most common mistakes in crawl swimming in second and third school year from Benešov district and their remedy. Objective: The aim of this work will be to determine the most common mistakes that children in seconad and third grades make in the technical execution of the crawl swimming stroke. Methods: The research conducted for this work was supervised by the supervisor of the work, and an evaluation scale was used during the pocess. The obtained results were taken down in tabels and graph for clarity. Results: Based on the evaluation of the used scale, the most frequently recurring errors in the given movement category were revealed. In the correct body position, students made mistakes by the positioning their bodies incorrectly so that the water level crossed their forehead while swimming. In the activity of the upper limbs, the incorrect submersion of the arm dominated, which did not occur at the shoulder level. In the lower limbs, irregular movement and coordination prevailed. Regardless of gender, two most common mistakes were observed in breathing - students did not breath to the side and were unable to time inhalation correctly. KEY WORDS: swimming, crawl, mistakes in swimming, rating scale, swimming school, remedial exercises, younger school age
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Measuring scales as a part of modern nursing of a patient with brain injury.
MAROVÁ, Markéta
My diploma thesis deals with measuring scales, which are a part of modern nursing care of a patient with a brain injury. The aim of my work was to find out how nurses use measuring scales, to analyze difficult areas of the patient throughout the disease by using measuring scales, to observe in which way measuring scales help patients and in which way they help nurses. We laid down four investigative questions to fulfill these goals: In which way do the nurses work with measuring scales? Which are difficult areas of the patient with brain injury during his disease? In which way do the measuring scales help patients? In which way do these help nurses? The research part of my work was implemented in the form of quality approach through semi-structured approach and case study. The research sample consists of twenty probands - fifteen nurses meeting patients with brain injuries within their work and five patiens with brain injuries. Results of the research investigation show that nurses use measuring scales during their work nearly all the time of patients hospitalization. Majority of them already became acquainted with measuring scales during their studies, at least theoretically. These nurses would appreciate learning how to use them more practically. Superiors require using measuring scales by nurses. It is proved that nurses use very similar measuring scales at their departments with minor exceptions. Nurses responding in our research in majority of cases do not use special measuring scales for patients with brain injuries and their awareness of these is minimal. They agree Glasgow Coma Scale is considered to be the most important one. My research revealed minor deficiences in work with measuring scales. It also showed many problems which patients with brain injuries must deal with.The results of my research also show that measuring scales can help both nurses and patients in many ways.
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Evaluation scale of breaststroke swimming technique
Hošek, Martin ; Svobodová, Irena (advisor) ; Janošková, Hana (referee)
The objective of this bachelor thesis is to create a rating scale the would be convenient for the evaluation of the swimming breaststroke technique of the students of physical education. The premise of the thesis is to specify a model technique, which corresponds to the students and also to formulate criteria for evaluation of the swimming beaststoke technique- The theoretical part of the thesis consists of a closer look at the specification of the model swimming breaststroke technique and possible deviation of this technique. To follow up on this knowledge, a yes/no rating scale is developer, as well as a observing, svaling and a method of quantitative analysis of statistical data is used. Tje final research results revealed deviation from the breaststroke technique mostly in breathing movements of arms, the body posture, movemnts of legs and coordination of breathing together with arm movements
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Evaluation scale of swimming technique of crawl for children of younger school age
Hejdová, Andrea ; Svobodová, Irena (advisor) ; Dlouhý, Martin (referee)
1 ABSTRACT The objective of the diploma thesis is to create a rating scale that would be convenient for the evaluation of the swimming crawl technique of the early age school children. The assumption of the thesis is to specify a model technique, which is corresponding with the stage of development of the children and also formulates criteria for evaluation of the swimming crawl technique. The created scale is later used within a group of children from the swimming school Žabička. The theoretical part of the thesis consists of the closer look at the characteristic of the early age school children, specification of the model swimming crawl technique and possible deviation of this technique. To follow up on this knowledge, a rating scale yes/no is developed, as well as a record sheet and an evaluation procedure. For determination of the results is used a method of observing, scaling and a method of quantitative analysis of statistical data. The final research results revealed deviation from the crawl technique mostly in the body posture, movements of legs, movements of arms and coordination of breathing together with arm movements. KEYWORDS swimming, swimming crawl, rating scale, younger school age
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Handwriting development from 1st to 5th grade of elementary school
Kučerová, Olga ; Kucharská, Anna (advisor) ; Wildová, Radka (referee) ; Viktorová, Ida (referee)
TITLE Handwriting development from 1st to 5th grade of elementary school Author: Mgr. et Mgr. Olga Kučerová Department: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Charles University Supervisor: Doc. PhDr. PaedDr. Anna Kucharská, Ph. D. ABSTRACT This dissertation project describes the development phases of the handwriting skills from 1st to 5th grade. The aim of this project is to describe the procedure of dynamic handwriting acquisition concerning two different alphabetic scripts used in Czech elementary schools. These include the traditional cursive script and alternative script that is Comenia Script. We focus on two different styles of penmanship, which are being taught in Czech elementary schools - cursive writing and manuscript writing. Our research sample includes two groups. The first group comprises writers who employ the cursive handwriting style of penmanship, whereas the second group considers the Comenia Script writer i.e. the manuscript style. The research consists of two parts - the theoretical and practical part. The theory defines the basic concepts related to handwriting skills and handwriting development. A substantial part focuses on both styles of penmanship - traditional cursive writing and Comenia Script. We depict their formal characteristics, circumstances of origin and the...
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Rating scale for backstroke technique for children in early school age
Vetešníková, Barbora ; Čechovská, Irena (advisor) ; Peslová, Eva (referee)
Title: Rating scale for backstroke technique for children in early school age Objectives: Objective of the project is to create a rating scale for valutation of backstroke technique in early school age children. The thesis should specify a model technique for the corresponding development stage and formulate standards for backstroke technique valutation. Thereafter using the created rating scale with a group of children from a swimming school and swimming preliminary preparation (age 6-8). Utilize evaluated experience from practice to correct the rating scale. Methods: Data will be obtained by direct and indirect observation. To verify the created rating scale a video with 25 m section of swimming will be taken. 25 children from the swimming club TJ Lokomotiva Nymburk o.s. and the swimming school Ponorka will be analysed. Results: Outcome of the project is to specify the backstroke model technique for children in development stage 6-8 years and determine deviations from that model technique. For technique evaluation a record sheet and rating scale was created, which was used to diagnose 25 children. Experience from utilization of the rating scale led to a correction and improvement. Keywords: swimming, backstroke, rating scale
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The use of rateing scales in the department of subsequent care
JINDRLOVÁ, Lenka
Current Situation: Rating scales help nurses judge the patient´s health condition objectively. Via rating scales it is possible to state the areas of a patient´s needs and plan interventions leading to solutions of his or her problems. In after-care departments, patients who have already had their basic diagnosis set and their health-condition stabilized, are hospitalized. In this department, nursing care as well as rehabilitation nursing, physical and mental activization, nutrition care, rehabilitation, and professional ergotherapy, are provided (Doležalová, 2011). The aim of this research was to determine the range of use of rating scales in after-care departments, to describe the content of individual rating scales, to find out about the nurses´ perspectives on the advantages of rating scales for practical use, and to evaluate the complexity of nurses´ work with rating scales. Methodology and Research File: The research was implemented via the method of a qualitative survey using in-depth interview, rating scale content analysis, and nursing documentation content analysis. Interviews were carried out with five nurses working in the after-care department. Content analysis was focused on 5 rating scales used by the nurses when planning nursing care, and 10 chosen complex pieces of nursing documentation. The results prove clearly that the nurses use Bartel´s test of basic every-day activities to evaluate the patient´s self-sufficiency when carrying out everyday activities. Norton´s redesigned scale serves the determination of decubitus formation, risky factors of a fall to identify the risk of the fall, evaluation of nutritional status to determine malnutrition risk, and pain evaluation and monitoring. Screening is carried out in all patients accepted at the department up to 24h after having been accepted, at a change of health- situation in a patient, and in regular intervals once a week. Pain is evaluated daily. The nurses´ point of view is positive towards the first screening, but rescreening is evaluated negatively by the participants, especially in self-sufficient patients. The results also prove that nurses´ work with rating scales is incomplete and not complex. It was found out that formal recording requirements were not followed, concerning corrections of record errors, marking all points in rating scales and a correct point sum. Re-screening is not always done in regular intervals, nursing intervention planning in relation to the observed risks and re-screening are insufficient. Conclusion and Practical Use: The results of the submitted qualitative research may not be generalized. To verify our conclusions it would be suitable to implement a quantitative study the aim of which would be to evaluate the complexity of rating scales, based on a wider file of closed or open pieces of nursing documentation. With regard to findings of an incorrect evaluation of rating scales, there was an expert seminar held in the after-care department, through which the nurses were introduced to rating scales, their use and working with them. Survey result presentation was a part of the educating programme.
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