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Assisted reproduction from the perspective of the target groups
Lazárková, Gabriela ; Dobiášová, Karolína (advisor) ; Hejzlarová, Eva (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to describe policy design of assisted human reproduction in the Czech Republic in the frame of two examined groups: 1) women undergoing this procedure, 2) service providers. The goals are also to identify the policy framework of assisted human reproduction in the political environment. The theory background is supported by the theory of social construction of the target audience written by the authors Ingram and Schneider and the analysis of the framework by Rein and Schon. The legislation of assisted human reproduction is covered mostly in the period of 2011 - 2021. The analytical part of this work is based on systematic expert surveys, questionnaire surveys and analysis of stenographic records. The benefits and drawbacks arising from the legislations, political power and social constructions in relation to both examined groups are formulated in the paper's results. Furthermore, two competing policy frameworks are identified during the debate of amendments to the Act on Specific health Services and the Act on Public Health Insurance.
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The Issue of Availability of Psychotherapy Through the Lens of Key Stakeholders.
Lemonová, Lucie ; Kasal, Alexandr (advisor) ; Musílková, Markéta (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the issue of availability of psychotherapy in the Czech Republic. The work analyzes the possible causes of unavailability of psychological services for their users and interprets the future of the system of providing mental health care with special emphasis on psychotherapy. To answer the research questions, semi-structured interviews were conducted with actors with different perspectives on the issue. The interviews provided not only a description and evaluation of the current and future state of the mental health care system, but also suggestions for its improvement. The conceptual and theoretical framework of the work consists of a model of actors generating the agenda in arenas (also known as the A-A- A model) and policy analysis. As the main factor influencing the availability of psychotherapy, respondents mentioned the generally poor systemic setting of its provision. However, respondents agreed that the Czech Republic is well placed to improve the overall system of mental health care through the ongoing Psychiatric Care Reform, which should respond to the shortcomings of the system through the strategy document Psychiatric Care Reform Strategy (2013). The National Action Plan for Mental Health is a document expanding the Strategy for the Reform of Psychiatric...
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Parameters of Drug Assessment in the Therapy of Rare Diseases
Ornstová, Eva ; Kostřiba, Jan (advisor) ; Klimeš, Jiří (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Candidate Mgr. Eva Ornstová Consultant PharmDr. Jan Kostřiba, Ph.D Title of Thesis PARAMETERS OF DRUG ASSESSMENT IN THE THERAPY OF RARE DISEASES KEY WORDS: rare diseases, health technology assessment, health policy, drug policy OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to find out how can the use of multiple criteria in Health technology assessment (HTA) influence outcome in different drug categories. Especially in relationship to orphan medicinal products. Next objective was to explore, which criteria are the most important in the value of the drug and to measure the difference in the preferences among three stakeholder groups in the Czech Republic. METHODS The set of 10 criteria was selected by the expert panel and 3 model treatments were described. Two-round questionnaire was developed and distributed among highly qualified representatives of three stakeholder groups (patients or carers, clinicians and policy makers). In the first round participants provided weights for each criterion by answering on the scale from 1 to 7. In second round participants scored model treatments according to their performance in each criterion. Normalized weights were combined with scores and treatments were...
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The creation and enforcement of psychiatric care reform in the Czech republic
Pluhař, Filip ; Dobiášová, Karolína (advisor) ; Kotherová, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to find and describe important moments that led to the enforcement of the psychiatric care reform. This reform was adopted 24 years after the fall of the communism. Until then, all attempts to change the psychiatric care system had failed. This healthcare segment has long been underfinanced and mainly institutional care prevails. Often, aftercare is not ensured, so it is very difficult for a person who is released from care to be involved in normal life. Also, stigmatization of people with mental illness prevails. Here, reform represents a solution to these and many other problems that the current psychiatry has. This research should answer the question why this strategy was successfully enforced and what was behind it. Using the theory of three currents and interviews with important actors, it discusses the various events and circumstances which have been used by the policy promoters to successfully achieve the approval of the reform. It examines the different motives of actors, their function and roles in the creation and promotion of the reform. The causes of enforcement are sought both in the Ministry of Health itself and in the EU or interest organizations outside the traditional institutions. The thesis can answer the question whether in this case it was the usual...
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Approaches to public health in the selected countries and their comparison
Bačkorová, Tereza ; Hrešanová, Ema (advisor) ; Růžička, Michal (referee)
This thesis investigates approaches to public health in the Czech Republic and compares them to approaches in Norway. The theoretical part outlines key concepts in the field of health, public health, health policy and prevention and explores their diverse interpretation on the level of professional discourse. The empirical part provides a comparative analysis of the development and current state of health systems in both countries, health status of their populations, a general comparison of the approaches to prevention and health policy, as well as an analysis of a concrete example - fight against smoking as a major health risk factor. The aim of the thesis is not only to compare approaches to public health in both countries, but also to understand the complex relationships between the compared cases and the context. Based on this analysis, examples of good practice are identified, and recommendations are formulated which could stimulate further research or serve as a basis for the development of new health policies, prevention programs and campaigns. key words: health, public health, prevention, health policy, health system, health literacy, comparative analysis
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Child overweight and obesity in Czechia: development and trends during the transformational period
Řihošková, Nikola ; Spilková, Jana (advisor) ; Kratěnová, Jana (referee)
According to the World Health Organisation, obesity is an epidemic of the 21st century. It is most certainly a serious risk to the health of the individual in question, markedly lowering their quality of life. The Czech Republic is the fourth most obese country in Europe, with 5-10 % of child obesity present. This paper explores the development of child obesity and its potential root causes that might contribute to it. The analysis is supported by data from a study by the State Health Institute, which was carried out over 4 phases in 18 cities in the Czech Republic. Quantitative research was used in the analytical part of this paper. The data was processed within the SPSS programme, using the method of statistical analysis of contingency tables and binary logistical regression analysis for testing previously established working hypotheses. The results of the analysis have shown that the rate of obesity grew across the four phases, except only in the youngest group of participants. An analysis of the various contributory factors to obesity has highlighted age and place of residence as being the most influential. The highest number of obese children was found in the regions of Karlovy Vary and Ustí nad Labem, which could be due to the socioeconomic and environmental factors in these areas. In...
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Analysis of the effectiveness of selected health policy measures of individual governments of the Czech Republic in the period 2005-2016
Šírková, Klára ; Lukášová, Tereza (advisor) ; Zubíková, Adéla (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse effectivity of the selected measures of health policy of the individual governments of the Czech Republic in the period 2005-2016. Special attention is paid to Policy Statements of the Government of the Czech Republic in the field of healthcare, and to comparison of these statements with subsequent government measures. The theoretical part deals with the general theory of the health policy and its influence on the economy. Furthermore, there is outlined the historical development of the health policy since its inception to implementation of the health policy in the Czech Republic. The practical part first analyses the individual program statements of the Governments and examines the subsequent measures. Then it is focused on the selected national economic indicators, such as healthcare spending and their structure or founding, and their development, which compares with the governmental measures in the given years. Finally, the work summarizes the findings and evaluate the benefits or pitfalls of various measures of health policy. This topic is very timely given the current development of the health policy in the Czech Republic.
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Postgraduate medical education in Czech Republic: Young doctors captured between formal and informal institutions
Šíchová, Tereza ; Tušková, Eva (advisor) ; Háva, Petr (referee)
This master thesis deals with the field of postgraduate medical education. The main goal of this thesis is deeper understanding of problems in the educational system. By means of a qualitative research the thesis explores the problems and causes of current postgraduate educational system from the perspective of young physicians. The research is based on a series of semi-structured interviews with physicians who are currently passing through a phase of postgraduate medical education. Results of the survey show the most questionable fact, according to participants, is the lack of the educational leadership which is supposed to be secured by the assigned supervisor. Despite the formal rules, this role is often ensured merely formally or is missing at all. Participants also mentioned difficulties related to accomplishing of specialized practical training and required procedures. Both of them are frequently subordinated to informal rules. The main findings are based on revealing the causes of problems mentioned above. The reasons of ascertained discrepancy are introduced with the theoretical help of the theory of informal institutions by G. Helmke and S. Levitsky. Through the lense of chosen theory the issue is that there is insufficient efficiency of formal institutions. Therefore, prospective solution should...
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Health of Migrants in Czechia - Political and Regional Perspective
Chourová, Renáta ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Hnilicová, Helena (referee)
Health of Migrants in Czechia - Political and Regional Perspective Abstract The submitted thesis analyses an access to and use of health care among migrants from Ukraine and Vietnam in Czechia in the regional and political context. The analysis is based both on data collection of research of the Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague in 2013 and further information that were gathered by author of the thesis in the course of survey questions focused on experts (doctors, representatives of medical and non-profit organizations as well as on representatives of health insurance companies and the ministries). There were used methods of qualitative and quantitative research in the analytical part of the thesis. There were also identified key factors that influence an access of migrants to their own health condition and also to the health care that were further interpreted in the regional context. The thesis reveals differences in access to the health of migrants in different regions within Czechia. The thesis conclusions are compared with the health policy standards in Czechia. Key words: health care, health condition, health policy, qualitative and quantitative research, migrants from Ukraine and Vietnam, Czechia
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Czech Healthcare Policy after 2010 in the Context of Heger's Reform
Řezníčková, Lucie ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Tušková, Eva (referee)
The diploma thesis "Czech Healthcare Policy after 2010 in the Context of Heger's Reform", deals with the significant institutional change that was implemented in Czech healthcare law during the right-wing government, which claimed its reforms were necessary in order to balance the budget. The aim of this work is to analyze the development of Czech healthcare policy in the period 2010-2013 with respect to the case of Heger's reform. This thesis uses different methods of analyzing the political process, for example methods of institutional analysis, critical discourse analysis, and other methods. The main theoretical basis of this work consists of a social critique of the neoliberal approach to Czech health care policy, and of a study of healthcare systems, their functions and goals, and a study of health policy and its changes. Attention is paid especially to the context of human rights related to health and the international discourse. This thesis identifies the arguments of neoliberal ideology in the policy-making of Czech healthcare policy makers in the process of justifying reforms. It evaluates the legitimacy of reform changes that don't accept the opinion of the public and don't respond to the international discourse, and investigates how the reform introduces new legal terminology which...
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