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Monitoring of the occurrence of mycotoxins in beers from market retail
Wawroszová, Simona ; Pospíchalová, Markéta (referee) ; Běláková, Sylvie (advisor)
This master thesis deals with monitoring of a content of deoxynivalenol, its metabolite deoxynivalenol-3-b-D-glucopyranoside and ochratoxin A in beer samples collected from retail market in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. The theoretical part describes general characteristics of mycotoxins, its transfer from field barely through malt to beer and its occurrence in beers. Malting process and brewing technology were also mentioned. Subsequently possibilities for a determination of the mycotoxins by the chromatografic and immunochemical method were presented. The experimental section describes analysis of 30 samples of beer. The analyses were conducted using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection (UPLC/FLR) for ochratoxin A and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (HPLC/MS) for deoxynivalenol and its metabolite. Ochratoxin A was detected in 25 of the 30 samples in concentration range of 0,6 - 82,5 ng·l-1. Deoxynivalenol was found in 24 of the 30 samples with concentration range of 2,29 - 12,57 ug·l-1 and deoxynivalenol-3-b-D-glucopyranoside was occure in 19 of the 30 samples in concentration range of 2,45 - 12,47 ug·l-1. It was also assessed the relationship between beer gushing and presence of mycotoxins in beer. No connection between the parameters has been found. Consequently it is not possible to predict beer gushing from the presence of mycotoxins.
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The Usage of Separation Methods for Research of Biologically Active Substances in Waters
Vydrová, Lucie ; Friedl, Zdeněk (referee) ; Opatřilová, Radka (referee) ; Chýlková,, Jaromíra (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Pharmaceuticals are biological active compounds with different functional groups, physico-chemical and biological properties. These chemical compounds are called as “new contaminants” which cumulate in various environmental components. These contaminants input to environment from industrial processes, hospitals and health care institutions or household sources and these pollutants can to negatively interact with environmental components. Pharmaceuticals are separated according to structure and their effects to live organisms. On the basis of drug consumption in Czech Republic the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most using pharmaceuticals, because these drugs can be obtain without prescriptions. The choosing analgesics for study were monitored in waste water from waste waters treatment plant (WWTP Brno – Modřice) and in surface water from two sampling sites of river Kretinka. Pharmaceuticals were monitored in surface waters in Czech Republic, in Scotland (river Thurso) and in Taiwan (river Erren, Agongdian, Yanshuei and canal of Tainan) Solid phase extraction (SPE) is used for extraction of study pharmaceutical from water system. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection or mass spectrometry was used for determination of drugs in surface waters from Czech Republic. The water samples from Scotland and Taiwan were analysed and the high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) was used for determination of pharmaceuticals. The method of HPLC/MS enables the determination of study compounds in the very low range of concentrations (ng ? l-1). All monitored pharmaceuticals were identified and quantified in water samples from river Kretinka in Czech Republic, river Thurso (Scotland) and rivers Erren, Agongdian, Yanshuei and canal of Tainan in Taiwan and the obtained data were compared.
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Assessment of the drinking water treatment plant effectiveness via ecotoxicological tests and screening analyses
Nývltová, Barbora ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The quality of raw water is deteriorating with the continuous increase in environmental pollution. Raw water is being modified to drinking water by technological processes, and it is therefore necessary to put increased demands on the efficiency of these technological processes and their possible innovation. Due to the fact that raw water is contaminated with different types of pollutants, it is necessary to continuously control the drinking water supplied to the public distribution network in order to ensure its quality. Drinking water treatment is still unable to treat the raw water perfectly, its pollution is only reduced to acceptable standards. For this reason, it is indispensable that the quality of drinking water is being checked regularly and at the same time the efficiency of individual technological processes of drinking water treatment is assessed. This includes screening analysis or eventually ecotoxicological tests. The thesis focuses on the efficiency of technological processes of drinking water treatment. Within the experimental part, samples of raw water and samples of water after each separation stage have been collected at the drinking water treatment plant in the Czech Republic. These samples have been subjected to ecotoxicological tests and screening analysis. Based on the ecotoxicological tests carried out on Thamnocephalus platyurus, Lemna minor and Vibrio fischeri, we can assume the emergence of harmful chlorinated by-products, resulting to nearly 100% mortality in T. platyurus. The results of the screening analysis carried out indicate, after the extraction of specimens by the SPE method using HPLC/MS, that the most effective method for the removal of hormonal substances is ozonization.
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Passive sampling of polar organic pollutants from water
Vítková, Libuše ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with the passive sampling of polar compounds from water using passive samplers POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler). These devices were exposed for 4 weeks in the waste water at the inflow of municipal waste water treatment plant in Brno – Modřice, and also at the outflow of the treated water. After exposition sequestered compounds were released by extraction with a mixture of methanol, toluene and dichlormethane. Extracts were analysed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. Further, methylated and trimethylsilylated extracts were analysed by orthogonal comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Separated compounds were identified on the base of their retention and mass spectra.
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Monitoring alkaloidů v rajčatech
Šimková, Magdalena
The thesis on Monitoring alkaloids in tomatoes describes a group of alkaloids and also some of them. The thesis focuses on the Solanaceae family, especially the tomato plant, tomato production, important substances and their influence on human health. The thesis presents information about tomato products and their quality which is influenced by the general material. Furthermore, separative and identification methods which can qualify alkaloids are described. In the practical part of the thesis the content of alkaloids in whole tomato plant is found out qualitatively by DESI and DART technic, the amount of the present alkaloids in unripe fruit, semi-ripe fruit and ripe fruit quantitatively by High Performance Liquid Chromatography connected with Mass Spectrometry (HPLC/MS). The volume of alkaloids in tomato juice, ketchup and tomato paste are determined.
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Assessment of the drinking water treatment plant effectiveness via ecotoxicological tests and screening analyses
Nývltová, Barbora ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The quality of raw water is deteriorating with the continuous increase in environmental pollution. Raw water is being modified to drinking water by technological processes, and it is therefore necessary to put increased demands on the efficiency of these technological processes and their possible innovation. Due to the fact that raw water is contaminated with different types of pollutants, it is necessary to continuously control the drinking water supplied to the public distribution network in order to ensure its quality. Drinking water treatment is still unable to treat the raw water perfectly, its pollution is only reduced to acceptable standards. For this reason, it is indispensable that the quality of drinking water is being checked regularly and at the same time the efficiency of individual technological processes of drinking water treatment is assessed. This includes screening analysis or eventually ecotoxicological tests. The thesis focuses on the efficiency of technological processes of drinking water treatment. Within the experimental part, samples of raw water and samples of water after each separation stage have been collected at the drinking water treatment plant in the Czech Republic. These samples have been subjected to ecotoxicological tests and screening analysis. Based on the ecotoxicological tests carried out on Thamnocephalus platyurus, Lemna minor and Vibrio fischeri, we can assume the emergence of harmful chlorinated by-products, resulting to nearly 100% mortality in T. platyurus. The results of the screening analysis carried out indicate, after the extraction of specimens by the SPE method using HPLC/MS, that the most effective method for the removal of hormonal substances is ozonization.
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Monitoring of the occurrence of mycotoxins in beers from market retail
Wawroszová, Simona ; Pospíchalová, Markéta (referee) ; Běláková, Sylvie (advisor)
This master thesis deals with monitoring of a content of deoxynivalenol, its metabolite deoxynivalenol-3-b-D-glucopyranoside and ochratoxin A in beer samples collected from retail market in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. The theoretical part describes general characteristics of mycotoxins, its transfer from field barely through malt to beer and its occurrence in beers. Malting process and brewing technology were also mentioned. Subsequently possibilities for a determination of the mycotoxins by the chromatografic and immunochemical method were presented. The experimental section describes analysis of 30 samples of beer. The analyses were conducted using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection (UPLC/FLR) for ochratoxin A and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (HPLC/MS) for deoxynivalenol and its metabolite. Ochratoxin A was detected in 25 of the 30 samples in concentration range of 0,6 - 82,5 ng·l-1. Deoxynivalenol was found in 24 of the 30 samples with concentration range of 2,29 - 12,57 ug·l-1 and deoxynivalenol-3-b-D-glucopyranoside was occure in 19 of the 30 samples in concentration range of 2,45 - 12,47 ug·l-1. It was also assessed the relationship between beer gushing and presence of mycotoxins in beer. No connection between the parameters has been found. Consequently it is not possible to predict beer gushing from the presence of mycotoxins.
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Stanovení flavonoidních látek ve vybraných druzích léčivých rostlin používaných v potravinářství
Bačová, Romana
In plant and food research the functional significance of herbs, spices and other plants, including their components is very popular topic. Plant material contains many components that are beneficial to human health by reducing the risk of chronic degenerative diseases. It is necessary to define the individual substances to understand and explain their biological effects. The first part of thesis describes the selected plants (elderberry, nettle, marigold, milk thistle, sea buckthorn, sage, purple coneflower and thyme) and also describes their medicinal properties and uses. The second part of thesis deals with phenolic and flavonoid substances. In the third (experimental) part, of thesis there were qualitatively and quantitatively determined flavonoid compounds in selected plant species. For identification the technique combining liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry - HPLC/MS was used. Extraction was carried out by vortexing and Soxhlet method, using two different concentrations of metanol. These metods were then statistically compared.
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The Usage of Separation Methods for Research of Biologically Active Substances in Waters
Vydrová, Lucie ; Friedl, Zdeněk (referee) ; Opatřilová, Radka (referee) ; Chýlková,, Jaromíra (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Pharmaceuticals are biological active compounds with different functional groups, physico-chemical and biological properties. These chemical compounds are called as “new contaminants” which cumulate in various environmental components. These contaminants input to environment from industrial processes, hospitals and health care institutions or household sources and these pollutants can to negatively interact with environmental components. Pharmaceuticals are separated according to structure and their effects to live organisms. On the basis of drug consumption in Czech Republic the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most using pharmaceuticals, because these drugs can be obtain without prescriptions. The choosing analgesics for study were monitored in waste water from waste waters treatment plant (WWTP Brno – Modřice) and in surface water from two sampling sites of river Kretinka. Pharmaceuticals were monitored in surface waters in Czech Republic, in Scotland (river Thurso) and in Taiwan (river Erren, Agongdian, Yanshuei and canal of Tainan) Solid phase extraction (SPE) is used for extraction of study pharmaceutical from water system. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection or mass spectrometry was used for determination of drugs in surface waters from Czech Republic. The water samples from Scotland and Taiwan were analysed and the high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) was used for determination of pharmaceuticals. The method of HPLC/MS enables the determination of study compounds in the very low range of concentrations (ng ? l-1). All monitored pharmaceuticals were identified and quantified in water samples from river Kretinka in Czech Republic, river Thurso (Scotland) and rivers Erren, Agongdian, Yanshuei and canal of Tainan in Taiwan and the obtained data were compared.
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