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Relationship between leaf biochemistry, physiology and specie's competitiveness in selected grasses of relict tundra in Krkonoše Mts.
Mamula, Petr Martin ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
The Krkonoše (Giant Mountains) Arcto-Alpine Tundra is an area that is part of the Krkonoše National Park with a unique ecosystem and biodiversity. In history, this area was very fundamentally influenced by the intervention of man, who farmed here and thus caused the creation of today's rare matgrass (Nardus stricta L.) meadow ecosystem. Thanks to the low growth and sparse foliage of the matgrass, many other plant species grow in these matgrass meadows, which are often endemic and protected by the law. In recent years, however, the matgrass has been overgrown by other grasses, such as the hairy reed grass (Calamagrostis villosa J.F. Gmelin), which, due to its taller growth and dense canopy covering the surface, does not allow the growth of rare species such as matgrass. Therefore, the aim of this work was for matgrass (N. stricta) and three other selected species of grasses - tufted hair grass (Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv.), moor grass (Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench) and hairy reed grass (C. villosa), to identify, based on biochemical, structural and physiological foliar parameters, a parameter or a combination of parameters that could give competing fennel grasses a competitive advantage. Field research and collection of foliage samples, for subsequent laboratory processing, took place in...
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SPATIAL PATTERN OF TREES WITHIN TREELINE ECOTONE
Zákravská, Šárka ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Demková, Katarína (referee)
The main part of my bachelor thesis is focused on treeline advance and on its spatial pattern especially. The theoretic part is consisted of a description of basic properties, hypothesis of treeline formation, current treeline movements in chosen European mountains and their potentional explanations. The aim of the practical part was to discover whether the type of spatial pattern affects treeline dynamics. Namely, the western part of the Giant Mountains was taken as a surveyed teritory. Ortorectified aerial photographes from years 1936 and 1964 were used when doing comparison. Spatial pattern was counted by "Ripley's K-function" and by the method of "Average Nearest Neighbour" on 110 defined squares (size 30 m) in the expanding part of the ecotone and on 110 defined squares in its stagnation part. Results don't indicate that some type of spatial pattern support treeline advance. The same spatial pattern was found both in major parts of stagnation and the expanding part of the ecotone.
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Germination requirements of rare and common plant species of Giant Mountains
Paulů, Andrea ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Moravcová, Lenka (referee)
For a long time studies were focused on searching optimal conditions of germination of individual species. During the last few years studies have started to search for a relationship between germination and various species characteristics. Most of them, however, use only one temperature during germination tests. Very few studies use more than one temperature during the germination tests. In the last years studies started also to compare germination between rare and common species, but these studies compare just a few species. There are no studies which would compare germination on broader range of species. Aim of this study was to indentify which factors are determing germination of species and to find relationships between germination and characteristics of rare species (n=62). Another aim was to find out differences in germination of pairs (n=24) of closely related rare and common species. To test the germination I have chosen a methodology with several consecutive temperatures. Throughout the time of testing , the seeds were placed either in light or in dark. The dataset was processed by linear regression. The results show that germination requirements of species are determinet by time of flowering, weight of seeds, dispersal mode, species requirements for soil humidity and nutrients and type of...
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Possibilities of remote sensing in grassland vegetation and management interventions monitoring in the Giant Mountains
Pomahačová, Michaela ; Kupková, Lucie (advisor) ; Hais, Martin (referee)
Possibilities of remote sensing in grassland vegetation and management interventions monitoring in the Giant Mountains Abstract The aim of this thesis was to evaluate suitability of WorldView-2 imagery for grassland associations classification in the model area of Giant Mountains. The classification was based both on the legend compiled by a botanist, and on the legend of Natura 2000. In order to eliminate the effects of other types of land cover on the classification accuracy, a mask of grasslands was created. Using discriminant analysis, the significance of spectral bands of WorldView-2, as well as signifikance of selected vegetation indices and components from Principal Component Analysis (PCA) - to distinguish particular classes of grassland vegetation were evaluated. Based on the results of discriminant analysis, classifications using neural networks method and also maximum likelihood method were performed in ENVI 4.7 version software. The results of the both method were compared Key words: remote sensing, meadows association, classification, Giant mountains, WorldView 2
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Remote sensing for evalution of state and development of Spruce stands condition in the Giant Mountains
Musilová, Romana ; Kupková, Lucie (advisor) ; Štych, Přemysl (referee)
Bc. Romana Musilová: Využití dat DPZ pro hodnocení aktuálního stavu a vývoje smrkových porostů v Krkonoších Remote sensing for evaluation of state and development of Spruce stands condition in the Giant Mountains Abstract Monitoring the health status of forest areas using remote sensing methods are still under development. This master thesis focuses on the use of SPOT, Landsat, QuickBird and WorldView-2 images to evaluate condition of spruce stands in Giant Mountains National Park. For these purposes were selected vegetation indices available in the lite- rature. First satellite images were preprocessed and subsequently calculated vegetation indices. From the generally known were used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, leaf area index and Simple Ratio. Than were calculated Green Vegetation Index and Red Green Index based on the monitoring of needles color changes. To evaluate moistu- re conditions were used indices Foliar Moisture Index and wide-band Normalized Diffe- rential Infrared Index. The goal was a comparison of the results of these indices and assessment of their applicability. Map outputs indices were compared with maps of de- foliation and mortality of coniferous stands by Ing. Milan Stoklasa. Keywords: remote sensing, Norway Spruce stands, Giant Mountains, vegetation indi- ces, SPOT,...
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Comparative analysis of the avalanche situation in the Czech part of the Giant Mountains in the years 2009 - 2013
Němcová, Hana ; Jindra, Matouš (advisor) ; Vomáčko, Ladislav (referee)
TitleTitle: Comparative analysis of the avalanche situation in the Czech part of the Giant Mountains in the years 2009 - 2013 Objectives: The objective of this Bachelor thesis is to analyze the avalanche situation in the period 2009 - 2013 and its comparison with theoretical assumptions of the avalanche's origins in the Czech part of the Giant Mountains. Methods: The method that was used in this Bachelor thesis was a Comparative analysis, that combines analysis of the source materials and their subsequent comparison with available theoretical assumptions. Results: The result of this thesis is the finding that snowslides on the Czech part of the Giant Mountains correspond to the theoretical assumptions of avalanche's origins. Keywords: avalanches, Giant Mountains, Comparative analysis, avalanche situation, weather
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Long distance dispersal of Rumex alpinus
Řičařová, Veronika ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hadincová, Věroslava (referee)
Long-distance dispersal of Rumex alpinus was studied in the Giant Mountain in the National Park. The invasion of R. alpinus is there kind of problem. The work builds on a thesis from year 2007 (20007 Červenková), in which was made the model of the invasion of R. alpinus in the area of the Giant Mountain. The measurements of the seeds spread take place at four localities, three of them were for measuring of water dispersal and one was for measuring of winter dispersal. Anemochory was measured using traps in the meadow up to a distance of 50 m. The seeds were dispersed by wind to a distance of 20 meters. Hydrochory was measured using a network's traps in the streams up to 100 m. The largest measured water dispersal was 100 m. Hydrochory therefore proved to be an important factor, which influenced the invasion of R. alpinus. The storms and flood had the great influence on the hydrochory and anemochory. The prediction exponential curves were compiled from the data about the wind dispersal. The curves express the spread to more than a measured distance. The field dispersion curves were compared with theoretical curves, which were used in the model of the invasion from 2007. It turned out that the theoretical curves overestimate the spread of R. alpinus by wind. The dispersion of seeds was underestimated in the...
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Connectivity of black grouse habitats in the Jizera Mountains and the Giant Mountains
Pánek, Michal ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
This master's thesis deals with the evaluation of habitat requirements followed by an analysis of the connectivity of black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) habitats in the area of interest of the Jizera Mountains and the Giant Mountains. This species has been one of the most endangered species in the Czech Republic in recent years. Recent grouse populations are constantly declining, and therefore habitat and connectivity assessments can be applied to future protective measures of this species and subsequent population expansion. The introductory part of the thesis deals with a search of existing knowledge and research related to the assessment of connectivity, landscape resistance and habitat models. It also includes a description and distribution of the various connectivity assessment approaches currently used in these analyzes. The next part of the thesis contains important information about the studied species, the current state of populations in the Czech Republic and what are the habitat requirements of the black grouse. Subsequently, the characteristics of the area of interest are described in detail, which includes both the Czech and Polish parts of the Jizera Mountains and the Giant Mountains. The research part of the thesis first deals with the methodology and process of creating habitat models,...
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