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Dialogue Rádl versus Hejdánek
Doležal, Kryštof ; Kučera, Jan (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The problem of nation and nationalism is the subject of reflections in Czech political thought from the late 19th century; broader problem with definition of nation and its meaning constitutes more than centennial polemic called "the Czech question". This bachelor thesis inquiries chapter of this controversy, the works of two Protestant philosophers: Emanuel Rádl and Ladislav Hejdánek. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to compare concepts of these authors that are related to the nation, nationalism and philosophy of history. Furthermore, this bachelor thesis discloses continuity of certain idealistic-theological tradition, whose roots are discoverable (according to one interpretation) in ancient Israel. For Rádl and Hejdánek nation is a moral category, which is why the ethic aspects are central motive for their analysis of nation.
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Supercivilization. Patočka's Concept of Modernity and it's Relevance In The Context of Contemporary Historical Sociology.
Homolka, Jakub ; Arnason, Johann Pall (advisor) ; Skovajsa, Marek (referee)
This thesis deals with the concept of modernity called "nadcivilizace" ("supercivilization") that was developed in the nineteen-fifties by Czech philosopher Jan Patočka (1907-1977) in his originally unpublished study Nadcivilizace a její vnitřní konflikt. The main goal of the thesis is to introduce this concept in the framework of the author's life and work, as well as in the context of current research in the field of historical sociology. This goal is fulfilled through three main steps, which are preceded by preliminary remarks about the issues of nowadays civilizational analysis. The first part is focused on the introduction of the author's concept of modernity as it was presented in the aforementioned study. Patočka's original term "nadcivilizace" is introduced and put into the context of civilizational analysis. At the same time, the circumstances of the genesis of the text, and the spiritual framework of the epoch in which Czech philosopher lived, are presented. Second part attempts to put the original concept into the author's lecture of philosophy of history, and to demonstrate the changes that occurred in Patočka's understanding of modernity in his work Kacířské eseje o filosofii dějin (Heretical Essays in the Philosophy of History, 1975). Finally, the last part is dedicated to the problem...
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Philosophy of History according G. Vica
BAŠTOVÁ, Lucie
The thesis focuses on the interpretation of the theory of history from GiambattistaVico, italian philosopher from 17th century. His theory is focused on the design of an ideal history, which is cyclical in nature, which specifik the manifestations of each of the three ages. These form a closed look of the existence of nations. The first age is the age of divine, then heroic age, which can be considered temporary, and eventually human age, that is quantitatively the heighest. This ideal of history is governed by rational principle of pursuing a specific objective, which is the perfekt state system by vision of Plato, the guiding principleVico called providence. Upon approaching default theory, the work deals comparison of selected theories of philosophers with the koncept of Vico, namely: G.W.F. Hegel, Auguste Comte, Oswald Spengler and Arnold Toynbee.
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Human being and a movement: Status of the movements of human existence in the thinking of Jan Patočka
Nováková, Alžběta ; Marek, Jakub (advisor) ; Pětová, Marie (referee)
The work is focused on the evolution of Patočka's conception of movements of the human existence throughout his thoughts. My aim is to show sources of this conception, its explicite expressions and their structure and finally the meaning of this conception for the human life and its status in Patočka's whole-life philosophical project, all this by the analysis of three metodologically defined periods of Patočka's work. The inevitable past of this kind of rethinking of Patočka's conception is dealing with the question of succesion of his two great teachers, Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger,and showing, that his conception of movements of the human existence can't be explained simply from the polarity of uncritical bulilding on them, neither the complete refusing them. Also I would like to show the conceptional kinship with other thinkers of western philosophical tradition, whose selection is selective, but in my opinion meaningful. I also hope, that this rethinking of the conception of movements of the human existance will show the place, which belongs to Patočka's thougt in the western philosophical tradition and, first of all, it's meaning for human life. Key words Phenomenology, movement, existence, philosophy of history, authenticity
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Lev Gumil'ëv's Philosophy of History
Šmejkal, Jiří ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
This bachelor thesis is dedicated to philosophy of history of Lev Nikolaevich Gumilev and to his so called theory of ethnogenesis and passionarity. At the beginning I will concisely introduce work and life of this thinker and afterwards I am going to focus on incentives that preceded the main theory of L. N. Gumilev. I will also shortly introduce the Eurasian movement. Main part of this work will deal with theory of ethnogenesis and its application on history of nations.
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The Currents of History and Civilizations
Léwová, Dana ; Pinc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Arnason, Johann Pall (referee)
This thesis outlines some basic approaches in the field of comparative civilizational analysis in the works of Jóhann P. Árnason and Jaroslav Krejčí in the confrontation with Jan Patočka's philosophy of history. Those theoretical bases are put into a wider historical context and historical relations in casuistic studies, narrowed to the civilizational area of the Middle East, especially Mesopotamia and Syria-Palestine and also the Aegean-Greek area. This work emphasizes the inevitable interconnection of generally conceived civilizational analysis, or historical sociology, with specific historiography. Individual detaching of theoretical concepts is understood as a relic of blind reductionism and determinism which is strongly rejected by philosophy of history which tries to focus on the phenomenon of historicity instead of historical chronologies. Nevertheless, without the support of empirical reality even philosophy of history would become a mere philosophical rumination. The connected interdisciplinary approach is the only way how to figure out the historical / civilizational sense, "between the past and the future" and to create continual cultural memory from the awareness of relations to the relation of awareness.
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Dialogue Rádl versus Hejdánek
Doležal, Kryštof ; Kučera, Jan (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The problem of nation and nationalism is the subject of reflections in Czech political thought from the late 19th century; broader problem with definition of nation and its meaning constitutes more than centennial polemic called "the Czech question". This bachelor thesis inquiries chapter of this controversy, the works of two Protestant philosophers: Emanuel Rádl and Ladislav Hejdánek. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to compare concepts of these authors that are related to the nation, nationalism and philosophy of history. Furthermore, this bachelor thesis discloses continuity of certain idealistic-theological tradition, whose roots are discoverable (according to one interpretation) in ancient Israel. For Rádl and Hejdánek nation is a moral category, which is why the ethic aspects are central motive for their analysis of nation.
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