|
| |
|
|
Ficino's conception of intellectual life and melancholy
Žáková, Karolína ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
Marsilio Ficino was one of the leading exponents of Florentine humanism, which in the following centuries influenced great thinkers such as Galileo Galilei, Paracelsus and John Amos Comenius. The main subject of my interest is the problem of melancholy in relation to the intellectual life, as captured in Ficino's De libri tres, especially the De vita sana. The methodological framework of the history of philosophy will correspond to this topic. Melancholy has an ambivalent nature, in general it has been perceived as a benign disease, but in the case of intellectuals it is not merely a blight, but also their gift and a means by which they can devote themselves to their studies. The thesis will first set the main issue in the broader context of Ficino's Neo-Platonism and then turn to a comprehensive interpretation of the concepts of intellectual life and melancholy as perceived by Ficino, including the individual advice that Marsilio gave to scholars to improve their performance in their studies. At the same time, my aim is to show that the thoughts of a man who lived and worked in 15th century are still alive today, despite the marked difference between the times of humanism and modern science, influenced in particular by the philosophy of René Descartes. KEY WORDS melancholy, black bile,...
|
|
| |
|
|
Socrates
TESÁRKOVÁ, Monika
This thesis deals with Socrates' work from available sources. The aim of the thesis is to describe the main sources from which information about Socrates can be drawn. The main part is devoted to Plato's early dialogues and their analysis. Furthermore, the work is devoted to the work of Xenophon, Aristophanes and Aristotle.
|
|
|
Aristotelian Well-Being as a Contemporary Problem
Čechová, Alexandra ; Marek, Jakub (advisor) ; Zika, Richard (referee)
In this diploma thesis I am addressing the concept of well-being in recent philosophy as a phenomenon of our time. I also try to specify the role of philosophy in its research. At the same time, I am aiming to give reasons why this concept has recently become more and more a part of discussions in society. In the text, I link the contemporary conception of well-being with Aristotle's notion of a good life or the concept of eudaimonia. In two chapters I also discuss the ideas of A. MacIntyre and M. Nussbaum, who have commented on and responded to Aristotle's and the contemporary notion of the good life. Then, with the help of the two projects at Yale and Harvard that I mention in the thesis, I attempt to outline how the research on well-being is now being conducted and what the results to date have been. Finally, the thesis thus mentions specific activities and behaviors that have been empirically shown to have an impact on a person's overall well-being, and in which some correspondence with Aristotle's philosophy can be observed.
|
|
| |
|
|
Forgiveness, anoverlookedethicalissue?
HEJNÁ, Marie
The thesis deals with major relationships between ethics and social work with regard to the topic of forgiveness. Related terms as conscience, penitence, salvation and reconciliation are explained. The topic is discussed from philosophy, theology and psychology aspect. Philosophical concept includes specific views to forgiveness by some authors. Theological point of view is based on Christian concept. Different models of forgiveness from viewpoint of psychology and ways how to forgive are described. General attributes of social work and some target groups which social work is focused. The importance for persons in terminal stadium of life is mentioned. Own knowledges from work in retirement home are used.
|
|
|
Relating to another person in the ethics of E. Levinas
VOLFOVÁ, Adéla
The thesis is theoretically arranged and comprises two main chapters. It deals with an ethical concept of the relationship towards the Other person that is represented by a French philosopher of 20th century Emmanuel Levinas. The relationship between the Self and the Other is developed, in which the other person is always the primordial centre of my interest. The primary feature of Levinas´ ethics is to show it like the first philosophy. It is particular for him to understand metaphysics in a purely ethical concept. At Levinas, there is an event of a turn in ethics, when the current ontology, which is focused on a theoretical knowledge, is substituted by metaphysics. Morality is acknowledged as an essence of ethical relationship with the other person. This interpersonal relationship is always an asymmetric relationship and fundamentally ethical. Levinas´ ethics is the ethics of responsibility for the Other, in which is possible to approach the Other. The ethics deals with a concept of transcendence, Infinity, exteriority and interiority.
|
|
|
The conception of the transcendent in the workings of Shihab al-Din Yahya Suhrawardi
KUČERA, Václav
This work deals with the transcendent in the cosmogonal conception of persian mystic and philosopher Shihab al-Din al-Suhrawardi. In short it discusses his life, works and historicla-cultural context of the arab world in the 12th century. More broadly it deals with the genesis in the philosophy of illumination, the school of ideas of al-Suhrawardi. It analyses the hierarchy of creation from the transcendent creator through the celestial spheres and angelic beings down to the elemental world of matter. It clarifies that the whole process is a continuum and that the Light of lights has even despite his transcendency a direct relationship with everything it creates. Further it contains a few rules given by al-Suhrawardi as a guide to the successful life. At the end of the work is a short treatise about the history of the philosophy of illumination in between the death of al-Suhrawardi and present days.
|
|
|
Passivity and Activity in Education
LYKEŠOVÁ, Erika
The submitted diploma thesis, entitled "Passivity and activity in education", is focused on the issue of passivity and activity in education from the perspective of leisure time in Světlá nad Sázavou Prison. The first part clarifies the key concepts and discusses the philosophy of education. Furthermore, there is a defined issue of leisure time associated with passivity and activity in education in leisure time. The second part of the work is devoted to the results of quantitative and qualitative research. The aim of the work was to describe, on the basis of quantitative and qualitative research, how free time works in the Světlá nad Sázavou prison. The work presents the possibilities of spending free time in the prison environment in terms of passivity and activity. Leisure time is examined here by prison staff, which was a preliminary research. The aim was to find out how free time of convicted women in prison is. Based on this preliminary research, a questionnaire was then compiled, which was submitted to convicted women serving a prison sentence in Světlá nad Sázavou Prison. Where the main goal was to find out how women spend their free time in terms of passivity and activity. The results of the research of this work could serve as a basis for further research on leisure time in the prison environment. I also consider it desirable that, on the basis of this work, everyone can get a closer picture of their free time in prison. This work can inform about how it would be possible to work with convicts in prison even better on the basis of leisure activities.
|
guest ::
