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The enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper - a source of raw materials for production of liquid biofuels
Lepař, Petr ; Stloukal, Radek (referee) ; Gabriel, Petr (advisor)
In diploma thesis the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper as a source for the production of liquid biofuels is discused. It follows directly the homonymous diploma thesis from Ing. Brummer, and it is based on the findings, which were solved and decided in previous work. In the theoretical part there is a summarization of basic information on the enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper and the associated influences of various factors of the rate and degree of hydrolysis. Higher attention is paid to a waste cardboard and its pretreatment methods due to the maximalization of the yield of hydrolysis. The next part summarizes options of the fermentative production of biofuels, focusing on the method of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, where the further appropriate organism for ethanol fermentation is discussed. The last part is about the technological process from the raw material input to the separation of ethanol. In the experimental section the pre-treatment of waste paper in order to maximize the efficiency of hydrolysis was examined. The best results were achieved using a vibratory mill. In addition, various parameters for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation were optimized using enzymes from Novozymes® company and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The conversion rate of waste paper cellulose to reducing sugars was observed by spectrophotometric method by Somogyi - Nelson and the amount of produced ethanol was quantified using HPLC / RI. As a part of this thesis some conditions (amount of enzyme, substrate, nutrients, yeasts, temperature, pH, type of buffer) were optimized to maximize the effectiveness of the overall process. All experiments were carried out on corrugated cardboard, which was chosen as the most promising material for hydrolysis that was among the waste paper pulp in diploma thesis by Ing. Brummer.
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Selected microbial processes in a bioreactor
Klinková, Lucie ; doc.RNDr.Petr Zbořil, CSc. (referee) ; doc.Ing.Martin Mandl, CSc. (advisor)
This thesis focuses on the study of the influence of selected parameters on the course of microbial cultivation and evaluation of bioprocess. It is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the production of mutant forms of the protein cryptogein yeast Pichia pastoris. The theoretical part summarizes the findings of the yeast P. pastoris and its expression. It also deals with cryptogein that induces defense reactions in plants. In the experimental part was produced mutant cryptogein X24, in which the concentration of each fraction and the ability to transfer sterols. The second part of this thesis is focused on aerobic and anaerobic oxidation of elemental sulfur by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. In the theoretical section, our knowledge on A. ferrooxidans, its metabolism and the importance of ATP in cell metabolism was summarized. In the experimental part, the above bioprocess was monitored using pH, biomass concentration, the rate of oxidation of elemental sulfur the cellular ATP content.
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Alternative use of biomass
Hornoch, Radek ; Radil, Lukáš (referee) ; Bartošík, Tomáš (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis describes the options of the processing biomass on the nobler fuels and their using. In the first part are described the sources of biomass so the option targeted grow crops or use different convenient wastes. The second part contains a description of the technology, how to revise the biomass to synthesis gas, methanol, ethanol, biodiesel and biogas. They are given yields on already mentioned high-grade fuels from individual crops and technologies. The third part deals with device where it is maybe to use nobler forms of fuels. It is going about traditional heating plant with back pressure or condensing extraction turbine, steam heating plant, a cogeneration unit with micro turbine, a cogeneration unit with combustion engine and a cogeneration unit with fuel cells. At the end of the chapter is a comparison of the different devices when using different fuels.
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The characterisation of selected type of „bio“ dairy product
Hanychová, Silvie ; Trachtová, Štěpánka (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the sensory evaluation of kefir. Specifically the differences in the sensory properties of kefir produced using the same method from various types of milk were observed. The theoretical part was focused on kefir, its characteristics, composition and production using kefir grains. The experimental part deals with the comparison of four kefir samples based on sensory evaluation. The evaluation was made by the students from Faculty of Chemistry BUT, the untrained assessors. Therefore the evaluation results may be closely reflecting the opinions of common consumers. The samples of kefir were subjected to sensory evaluation by the ranking test and the pleasantness of chosen properties (appearance, colour, texture, odour and taste) was evaluated using a seven-point scale, as well as the overal acceptability of samples. The results were statistically processed and graphically evaluated.
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Study of the chemical processes during kombucha technology
Chludilová, Markéta ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Pořízka, Jaromír (advisor)
The kombucha drink is referred to as leavened tea with added sponge called a scobie. In this way, a low-alcohol beverage is obtained, which gains considerable popularity, especially due to the alleged beneficial properties for human health. The microbial composition of this beverage is very rich, consisting of bacteria and yeasts living in a beneficial symbiosis [11]. The microbial composition of the drink and its beneficial effects on human health are very closely related. This work deals with the analysis of the chemical composition of the commodity beverage, especially with regard to the content of major components such as organic acids, carbohydrates and ethanol. These analytes are among the most common and most profoundly found substances in the carbohydrate beverage and are very closely related to the microbial composition of the scoby itself [3]. Combo beverage samples were supplied by RebornFood, one of which is the commercial production of this drink on the Czech market. At the same time, this company bases itself on purely natural fermentation of beverages, and therefore it is not particularly involved in the production process. The results of this diploma work point to the effect of the scoby used and the associated occurrence of analytes in the beverage, as well as the production process associated with the formation of analytes, which is described in several articles. It is expected that this work will provide information both on the production conditions and on the chemical properties of the beverage related to the condition of the scoby, which will be used further, both for RebornFood and the material used to solve the technical problems of this beverage production.
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Lactic acid bacteria and their utilization
Jiříková, Ivana ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Babák, Libor (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is aimed at the study of lactic acid bacteria. Within the frame of this thesis I have performed a literature research into findings about these bacteria. The first section is focused on the general bacteria identification and division into separate genus groups. It also describes the cytology, metabolism and industrial use of milk fermentation bacteria.
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Biodegradable waste
Dřímal, Jiří ; Niesner, Jakub (referee) ; Beňo, Zdeněk (advisor)
The goal of this bachelor is introduction with the issue of using biodegradable waste (BDW) in the EU. The introductory chapters are focused on the description of the different types of BDW. There are described ways of processing of this waste and their use. The emphasis is on mapping the current condition of treatment of biodegradable waste with it in the EU and the CR.
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Hydrogen Production from Biomass
Ožana, Ferdinand ; Beňo, Zdeněk (referee) ; Houdková, Lucie (advisor)
First part of this master´s thesis decribes the basic properties of hydrogen, its utilization in industry and economy. Greater attention is focused on the possibilities of hydrogen produciton. Next part describes anaerobic fermentation and optimum conditions for hydrogen production. The main part of the thesis deals with posibility of hydrogen production in an experimental laboratory unit using brewer´s grains as a primary material. The experiment was aimed to find suitable process conditions for hydrogen production. The quantity of produced gas and his quality depending on the amount of brewer´s grains and frequency of the dosage was observed. Based on the experiment, some recommendations are proposed for further research. An automatic feeding system is the most important of them. It will improve the quality of experimental work. A separate chapter is devoted to the automatic feeding system.
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Energy use of biomass
Bouchner, Michal ; Špiláček, Michal (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is research of technologies for energy usage of biomass with concentration to production of electricity. In the first part of thesis are analyzed and described technologies producting electricity. In the second part are described suitable types of biomass for each aplication. Following part deals with used aplications for production of electricity in the Czech Republic. Last part shows specific technologies used in the Czech Republic.
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Evaluation of technology for the biomass incineration.
Havelková, Pavla ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Jícha, Jaroslav (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis is interested in description of the biomass and its utilization as a renewable energy source. The text is specified in the production of the biomass and also an overview of the technologies used in its processing and utilization, which is both energy and non-energy. Then, this thesis deals with the description of the various devices, in which the biomass is processed.
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