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Calcium intake in patients with disorders beta oxidation fatty acids with long chain.
Ondrová, Ellen ; Floriánková, Marcela (advisor) ; Ješina, Pavel (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with rare hereditary metabolic disorders, LCHAD (long chain 3- hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) deficiency and MTP (mitochondrial trifunctional protein) or TFP (trifunctional protein) deficiency. Deficiencies of these enzymes cause a disturbance in the cycle of β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. The basis of treatment for these disorders are dietary and regimen measures. The main goal of the bachelor's thesis was to determine the level of compliance in dietary and regimen measures and calcium intake in patients with LCHAD/MTP deficiency. The theoretical part first describes hereditary metabolic disorders as a large heterogene- ous group of serious hereditary disorders, some of which occur rarely. These rare diseases include LCHAD/MTP deficiency. First, general findings of hereditary metabolic disorders, their history, occurrence, heredity, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical manifestations and treatment, are briefly summarized. Furthermore, the theoretical part of the thesis deals with fatty acids as a nutrient, which plays a crucial role in the diet of a patient with LCHAD/MTP deficiency, as well as the β-oxidation process, which is disrupted in these de- ficiencies. The main part of this thesis is devoted to the disease itself, the LCHAD/MTP de- ficiency. It...
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The effect of education in chronically hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia
Ben-Perets, Diana Ester ; Karbanová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
High levels of phosphorus, hyperphosphatemia, are a serious problem in the treatment of hemodialysis patients. These patients are affected by a number of other limitations. In addition to monitoring their phosphorus levels, they must also monitor their levels of potassium, sodium, fluids and macronutrients. This often makes dieting a difficult task. If they follow this diet very strictly, they can consume a diet low in fruits and vegetables, which contributes to atherogenesis, and low in protein, which leads to malnutrition. Patients must also take a relatively large amount of medication with each meal, which can cause various dyspeptic problems in some patients. Even dialysis itself can be a very limiting element in their personal and professional lives. The result is usually patient dissatisfaction and low compliance with some recommendations. The task of the nutritional therapist is to educate patients about the balanced ratio of protein and phosphorus, to teach them about the need to use phosphate binders and to increase their health literacy about the consequences of high phosphate levels on the body. The main goal of this bachelor thesis was to investigate the effect of education on the nutritional behavior of dialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia. The study included a group of 37...
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Consensus of Czech terminology in the field of medication adherence
Voříšková, Eliška ; Malá, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kolář, Jozef (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Author: Eliška Voříšková Supervisor: PharmDr. Kateřina Malá, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Barbora Košťálová Title of thesis: CONSENSUS OF CZECH TERMINOLOGY IN THE FIELD OF MEDICATION ADHERENCE BACKGROUND: The terminology of medication adherence has undergone a vast change over the last 50 years. As individual terms have not become established, they are often misused and interchanged between each other. The aim of this work was to analyze the Czech literature and to establish a consensus in the field of terminology of medication adherence using Delphi round survey. METHODS: For Czech language, a search of literature released before January 6th, 2021 in databases Solen, ProLékaře.cz, BMČ and PubMed was reviewed. There were 122 articles published between 1998-2020, themed on the medication adherence. Based on the review, a questionnaire for three-round Delphi survey was created as well as a list of panelists invited in the survey. The survey was online, anonymous and contained questions about translation of 7 terms and their definitions established by the English document so-called ABC Taxonomy. RESULTS: In the 1st round of the Delphi survey, 106 panelists were contacted, 46 of whom responded. A consensus on...
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Applications of chiral and achiral chromatography in pharmacology and toxicology
Chytil, Lukáš ; Slanař, Ondřej (advisor) ; Bultas, Jan (referee) ; Coufal, Pavel (referee)
Development and validation of methods for analysis of several drugs or their metabolites are decribed in this thesis. The document is presented as a commentary to the original papers, which were published in peer reviewed journals. Discussion on the optimization of each method is presented and covers also method development and influence of preanalytical aspects. Additionally, examples of the application of the developed methods in clinical pharmacology and toxicology are shown. This dissertation consists of three parts: enantiomeric determination of tramadol and its metabolite, determination of some antihypertensive drugs, and qualitative analysis of benzodiazepines. Development of a method for chiral analysis of tramadol and its desmethylated metabolite O- desmethyltramadol (ODT) in human urine and plasma is described in the first part of the thesis. Tramadol is a centrally acting analgetic drug, which is used as racemate in clinical practise. Each enantiomer displays different binding properties for various receptors: (+)-tramadol preferentially inhibits serotonin reuptake while (-)-tramadol mainly inhibits noradrenalin reuptake. (+)-tramadol is considered 10-times more potent than (-)-tramadol. Major active metabolite (ODT), which is considered to be the main agent responsible for the...
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Whistleblowing as a means of employer protection
Zajíček, Jan ; Morávek, Jakub (advisor) ; Tomšej, Jakub (referee)
1 Whistleblowing as a means of employer protection Abstract This doctoral thesis regards the term whistleblowing, i.e. the protection of the notifier of harmful conduct. The author has chosen this topic primarily due to the current importance of this topic. The initial part of this thesis is concerned with the general themes, the explanation of the terms, and the history of whistleblowing. In addition, this document analyzes the sources of international laws regarding this phenomenon that relate to the Czech Republic and the Czech legal order. Furthermore, this thesis discusses the European Union legislation relating to whistleblowing and focuses on the Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2019 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law, which can currently be considered the most important source of law regarding the whistleblowing and simultaneously to be the template for the Czech national legislation in development. This thesis analyses and documents the contents of this directive. Although the term whistleblowing is still novel to the Czech law, its aspects can be found in several legal branches. Therefore, this thesis considers its sources not only from the perspective of the constitutional, labour, criminal, and administrative law but...
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Protection against Discrimination under the European Convention on Human Rights
Konoplia, Oleksandra ; Lipovský, Milan (advisor) ; Pulgret, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis is focused on the examination of the scope of Article 14 of the European Convention of Human Rights, theoretical framework, and legal basis of the concept of discrimination. The paper presents an analysis of the caselaw of the European Court on Human Rights, how the latter operationalises the issue of inequality, and which inaccuracies of interpretation it leaves. The primary aim is to challenge the system of protection against discrimination under the Article 14 as well as the role of the national actors in its development. The thesis examines the level of compliance among signatories of the Convention with its anti- discriminatory provisions and focuses on the individual capacities of the states to satisfy judgements of the European Court on Human Rights. The usage of the comparative approach also helps to analyse the role of local non-governmental organisations in the process of compliance with human rights obligations under the Convention among signatories. The thesis aims to show why the level of protection against discrimination differs from the one country to another and which obstacles they face on the path towards the respect for human rights.
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Criminal Liability of Legal Entities
Šťastný, Petr ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee) ; Kuchta, Josef (referee)
CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF LEGAL ENTITIES Abstract Although it has been more than seven years since the adoption of Act No. 418/2011 Coll., on the criminal liability of legal entities and proceedings against them, by criminal liability of legal entities which the Czech legislators introduced, it remains a controversial issue. Thus the aim of this thesis is not only to analyse this legislation and provide a comprehensive and clear interpretation, including a critical evaluation of selected institutes, but also to introduce the process leading to its adoption, including a comparison of the arguments in favour of adopting such a decision with the arguments presented by the opponents of the criminal liability of legal entities. An equally important aim of the thesis is an analytical evaluation of application knowledge and the presentation of potential de lege ferenda proposals. However, such considerations require a sufficient command of terminology, as well as of the basic principles of criminal law, which is the content of Chapter One of the thesis. Chapter Two is dedicated to the fundamental change in the concept of legal entities brought about by the new Civil Code, which leans towards the theory of fiction, thereby causing considerable tension. On a global scale, the institute of the liability of legal entities...
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The Enforceability of Decisions and Compliance with Judgments of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Mezenský, Martin ; Faix, Martin (referee)
The Enforceability of Decisions and Compliance with Judgments of the Inter- American Court of Human Rights (Mgr. Martin Mezenský) Abstract The diploma thesis explores the enforcement mechanisms and compliance with decisions of the Inter- American Court of Human Rights. It defines both normative and institutional base of the tribunal and discusses the types of issued decisions. It analyses the compliance process and means of enforcement of such decisions. It is focused on the success of and obstacles in the implementation of ordered obligations by the liable states as well as the binding nature of judgements against states which have not been a party of dispute. It compares the position of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights with the European Court of Human Rights regarding these topics. Eventually, it evaluates the researched processes and offers recommendations how to reinforce the actual mechanisms. Key words Inter-American Court of Human Rights; Enforceability; Compliance; Decision; Judgements; Human Rights Protection; American Convention on Human Rights
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Criminal Liability of Legal Entities
Malinová, Kateřina ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
The presented diploma thesis is focused on criminal liability of legal entities, an issue which was embedded in the Czech legal law six years ago by Act No. 418/2011 Coll., On Criminal Liability of Legal Entities and Proceedings against them. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part is concerned with the basics of legal entities criminal liability. The author tries to describe the concept of a legal entity in the light of current regulation according to the Act No. 89/2012 Coll., The Civil Code, since the Act on Criminal Liability of Legal Entities and Proceedings against them had been created under the previous Civil Code (Act No. 40/1964 Coll., Civil Code). Furthermore, the author deals with the conditions of legal entities criminal liability as well as the aspects that lead legal entities to commit crimes. The conditions for a criminal offense attribution to a legal entity are mentioned, as well. A subchapter on sanctions which may be imposed on legal entities is included. The regulation of legal entities criminal liability has particularly in recent years undergone several substantial changes. Certain amendments are examined in the second part of the thesis. The author discusses especially the extension of criminal offenses list which may be committed by a legal entity as well as the issue...
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The Trade Policy Review Mechanism: Shedding light on non-compliance?
Rosendorf, Ondřej ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
This thesis examines the notion of monitoring mechanisms and their ability to identify non-compliance. The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) of the World Trade Organization constitutes the main focus of analysis. The purpose of the thesis is to improve the current empirical account of the functioning of the mechanism, and to examine the extent to which the mechanism is able to detect rule violations before they are taken up to the court, as well as factors affecting this ability. From theoretical standpoint, the thesis draws mainly upon rational institutionalism and other approaches related to notions of transparency and compliance. In particular, the thesis focuses on the concept of the so called information systems in international regimes. As regards methodology, the thesis relies on the method of content analysis the purpose of which is to procure empirical evidence of occurrence of matters related to non-compliance in trade policy reviews. Thus procured empirical evidence is then subjected to statistical analysis, including logistic regression. The thesis finds that TPRM covers surprisingly large number of matters that later become subjects of judicially confirmed rule-violations at the WTO. As much as 72% of the matters that are eventually taken up to court are mentioned in trade policy...
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