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Returning Vertebrate Species as a Topic of Environmental Education
Hartlová, Adéla ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Chocholoušková, Zdenka (referee) ; Urban, Peter (referee)
The presented thesis deals with the relationship between humans and animals that return to the Czech Republic due to various circumstances, especially national protection, and protection within the European Union. This is a group of animals that have been exterminated from the Czech wilderness for various reasons and upon their return cause damage, arouse fear and cause controversy. The spontaneous return and reintroduction of some vertebrate species is, therefore, considered a controversial topic at present because we are facing reintroduced and returning species more and more frequently. This is why people should ideally be introduced to this topic at primary schools, where the information is presented in a clear and didactic way, rather than later on, for example, in the context of various attitudes-raising campaigns. For this reason, this research was performed at primary schools, grammar schools and secondary vocational schools training future foresters and fishermen, in order to determine what pupils' attitudes towards these returning or reintroduced vertebrate species are and what can influence these attitudes. This research was carried out in the form of a questionnaire survey with analyses in Jamovi and Statistica 14. Subsequent analyses of the data revealed that students have generally...
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The influence of selected environmental and behavioral factors on the degree of sociality in the family Herpestidae
Poláková, Petra ; Landová, Eva (advisor) ; Mazoch, Vladimír (referee)
Sociality in mongooses (Heprestidae) is a frequently studied characteristic. It is not known which factors modulate the degree of sociality. There are hypotheses about influence of environmental factors (habitat openness, temperature, precipitation). In this thesis we tested the influence of these environmental factors, but we did not discover any relation. Yet we found a strong relation between versatility (ecological valence) and inhabited climate conditions. Sociality could be modified by reproductive parameters (adaptations in greater litter size, longer gestation period and longer lactation period). We discovered relations between sociality (number of individuals in a social group) and gestation period, sociality and lactation period and sociality and litter size. We used phylogenetical correlation and found that the relation between sociality and litter size is not significant. Greater litter size occurs in only one phylogenetical line; hence we consider greater litter size to be not a predisposition, but a result of transition to sociality. It is also not clear what is the ancestral state of sociality and used habitat on the base of the clade. Hypotheses say that the common ancestor of the mongooses was solitary and lived in a closed habitat, but based on our ancestral states reconstruction...
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Comparison of Attitudes of Primary and Secondary Schools Students to Large Carnivores, Especially the Common Wolf (Canis lupus) and Domestic Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
Mejzr, Martin ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
Today, the issues related to the presence of bears and wolves in the Czech Republic are more frequently discussed due to their occasional occurrence. The significant part of the public still considers these predators dangerous and they even think that a man is supposed to be their potential prey. A lot of surveys confirming this have been already taken, but none of them was focused on the views of primary and secondary schools students. As they are a part of the school education system, their views on the large carnivores should be mainly shaped by it. A questionnaire-based survey was used to find the attitudes of students. The first part of the questionnaire focused on the students' opinions about the dangerousness of predators, its reasons and common wolf presence in the Czech Republic. The second part of the questionnaire is focused on the domestic dog, which has wolf origins. It deals mainly with the attitudes of students to selected dog breeds, dog domestication awareness and views on the so- called "fighting breeds". This work has been aimed at identification of attitudes of the primary and secondary school students from different regions of the Czech Republic to the selected predators. The survey was also taken at primary schools in the High Tatras Mountains, an area where all the large...
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Between-year dynamics of carnivores and ungulates in the Czech landscape
Schnebergerová, Adriana ; Pyšek, Petr (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee)
It is important for the ecological management of wildlife populations in the Czech Republic to know the composition of species in individual habitats. This will allow predictions on the reactions of wildlife based on evolving changes that will occur sooner or later in these habitats due to human activity and natural change of our environment. Camera traps are a powerful tool of the 21st century with which we are able to observe wildlife without major interventions in their lives. With the right experimental design, camera traps allow us to find out details about wildlife life such as their distribution and habitat preferences, population structure, and their behavior. In this work, I used camera traps to determine the species composition of two groups; ungulates and carnivores in different habitats. This thesis analyzes the habitat preferences and hepls to find out to what extent the spatial patterns of occurrence on these two groups are in the monitored habitats over the course of a couple years. Data collection took place from June 2015 to May 2017 in the Central Bohemian Region northeast of Prague. Despite the fact that the area is densely populated and agriculturally exploited, I was able to capture four species of ungulates and nine species of carnivores on a total of 73 camera traps in this...
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Comparison of Attitudes of Primary and Secondary Schools Students to Large Carnivores, Especially the Common Wolf (Canis lupus) and Domestic Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
Mejzr, Martin ; Andreska, Jan (referee) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
Today, the issues related to the presence of bears and wolves in the Czech Republic are more frequently discussed due to their occasional occurrence. The significant part of the public still considers these predators dangerous and they even think that a man is supposed to be their potential prey. A lot of surveys confirming this have been already taken, but none of them was focused on the views of primary and secondary schools students. As they are a part of the school education system, their views on the large carnivores should be mainly shaped by it. A questionnaire-based survey was used to find the attitudes of students. The first part of the questionnaire focused on the students' opinions about the dangerousness of predators, its reasons and common wolf presence in the Czech Republic. The second part of the questionnaire is focused on the domestic dog, which has wolf origins. It deals mainly with the attitudes of students to selected dog breeds, dog domestication awareness and views on the so- called "fighting breeds". This work has been aimed at identification of attitudes of the primary and secondary school students from different regions of the Czech Republic to the selected predators. The survey was also taken at primary schools in the High Tatras Mountains, an area where all the large...
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Diverzita kryptosporidií volně žijících psovitých a medvědovitých šelem
KELLNEROVÁ, Klára
The study was focused on study of diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild canines and bears in the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Poland and Romania. A total of 359 faecal samples were collected from 179 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 83 grey wolves (Canis lupis), 63 brown bears (Ursus arctos) and 34 jackals (Canis aureus). Faecal samples were screened for Cryptosporidium by microscopy and PCR/sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of small-subunit rRNA, actin and 60-kDa glycoprotein sequences revealed the presence of C. tyzzeri, C. andersoni in red foxes, C. canis and C. ubiquitum in gray wolves and C. galli in a brown bear and a red fox. Subtyping of C. ubiquitum and C. tyzzeri isolate by sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene showed that isolates belonged to the XIId and IXa subtype family, respectively. Detection of host-non-specific cryptosporidia, except C. canic and C. ubiquitum, in wild canine and bears shows rather a food preference of screened carnivors than on an active infection.
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Comparison of Attitudes of Primary and Secondary Schools Students to Large Carnivores, Especially the Common Wolf (Canis lupus) and Domestic Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
Mejzr, Martin ; Andreska, Jan (referee) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
Today, the issues related to the presence of bears and wolves in the Czech Republic are more frequently discussed due to their occasional occurrence. The significant part of the public still considers these predators dangerous and they even think that a man is supposed to be their potential prey. A lot of surveys confirming this have been already taken, but none of them was focused on the views of primary and secondary schools students. As they are a part of the school education system, their views on the large carnivores should be mainly shaped by it. A questionnaire-based survey was used to find the attitudes of students. The first part of the questionnaire focused on the students' opinions about the dangerousness of predators, its reasons and common wolf presence in the Czech Republic. The second part of the questionnaire is focused on the domestic dog, which has wolf origins. It deals mainly with the attitudes of students to selected dog breeds, dog domestication awareness and views on the so- called "fighting breeds". This work has been aimed at identification of attitudes of the primary and secondary school students from different regions of the Czech Republic to the selected predators. The survey was also taken at primary schools in the High Tatras Mountains, an area where all the large...
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The influence of selected environmental and behavioral factors on the degree of sociality in the family Herpestidae
Poláková, Petra ; Landová, Eva (advisor) ; Mazoch, Vladimír (referee)
Sociality in mongooses (Heprestidae) is a frequently studied characteristic. It is not known which factors modulate the degree of sociality. There are hypotheses about influence of environmental factors (habitat openness, temperature, precipitation). In this thesis we tested the influence of these environmental factors, but we did not discover any relation. Yet we found a strong relation between versatility (ecological valence) and inhabited climate conditions. Sociality could be modified by reproductive parameters (adaptations in greater litter size, longer gestation period and longer lactation period). We discovered relations between sociality (number of individuals in a social group) and gestation period, sociality and lactation period and sociality and litter size. We used phylogenetical correlation and found that the relation between sociality and litter size is not significant. Greater litter size occurs in only one phylogenetical line; hence we consider greater litter size to be not a predisposition, but a result of transition to sociality. It is also not clear what is the ancestral state of sociality and used habitat on the base of the clade. Hypotheses say that the common ancestor of the mongooses was solitary and lived in a closed habitat, but based on our ancestral states reconstruction...
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Comparison of Attitudes of Primary and Secondary Schools Students to Large Carnivores, Especially the Common Wolf (Canis lupus) and Domestic Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
Mejzr, Martin ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
Today, the issues related to the presence of bears and wolves in the Czech Republic are more frequently discussed due to their occasional occurrence. The significant part of the public still considers these predators dangerous and they even think that a man is supposed to be their potential prey. A lot of surveys confirming this have been already taken, but none of them was focused on the views of primary and secondary schools students. As they are a part of the school education system, their views on the large carnivores should be mainly shaped by it. A questionnaire-based survey was used to find the attitudes of students. The first part of the questionnaire focused on the students' opinions about the dangerousness of predators, its reasons and common wolf presence in the Czech Republic. The second part of the questionnaire is focused on the domestic dog, which has wolf origins. It deals mainly with the attitudes of students to selected dog breeds, dog domestication awareness and views on the so- called "fighting breeds". This work has been aimed at identification of attitudes of the primary and secondary school students from different regions of the Czech Republic to the selected predators. The survey was also taken at primary schools in the High Tatras Mountains, an area where all the large...
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Fox cryptosporidiosis
POKORNÝ, Radek
Foxes represent a reservoir of zoonotic diseases and it is necessary perform a control of disease situation. Total 111 fecal samples originated form wild foxes were collected in Czech Republic and Poland in two consequence years 2013 - 2014. All fecal samples were screened for presence of Cryptosporidium spp. using both microscopy and molecular methods. Altogether two samples were molecularly positive and phylogenetic analyses reveal presence C. andersoni in both of them. Low prevalence (1.8%) and low infection intensity was observed in this study. Eighteen cases of diarrhea were detected, but no animal was positive for cryptosporidium infection.
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