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Selected motives of Greek thinking in Nietzsche's philosophy
Fodorová, Aneta ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
This thesis observes chosen Greek motives through the eyes of a very special German philosopher of the nineteenth century Friedrich Nietzsche. The main aim, more specifically speaking, is to introduce Nietzsche's understanding of the Greek culture and thinking and to follow Nietzsche in his inpiration and intergration of Greek ideas into his own philosophy. There is an emphasis put on the revelation of Nietzsche's problematic understanding and grabbing of Greek thoughts, which happen to be very frequent. What is crucial for this paper is a thorough interpretation of individual motives and their position in Nietszche's philosophy. The focal thoughts are the following: apollinian and dionysian art, relationship between Socrates and Plato as well as of Nietzsche and Herakleitos, and the concept of overman. The impact of Nietzsche's understanding the Greeks in today's society is also taken into consideration. Key words Art, Apollon, Dionysos, Socrates, life, Zarathustra, the eternal recurrance of the same, game, fire, child, overman, agon
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Democracy is agon: on Machiavelli's populist republicanism
Bíba, Jan ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Barša, Pavel (referee) ; Velek, Josef (referee)
The present dissertation deals with the relationship between democracy and agonism. It attempts to defend the idea that certain problematic aspects of contemporary liberal democracies are not due to their origin primarily in the change of social conditions (the massification of democracy, the growth of complexity in modern societies), that made the original democratic promises unrealizable, but in certain oblivion of the agon. The agon is understood as a constitutive feature of democratic society and its oblivion is seen not to be accidental. To defend this proposition I focuse on an interpretation of the dialogue between populist republicanism (Machiavelli) and elitist republicanism (Guicciardini). This dialogue is usually understood as one of the sources of modern democratic tradition. I try to explain that in Machiavelli's political theory two notions of agonism are present - pragmatic agon that sees conflict as a basis of social cohesion and strategic agon that is described as a ferocious egalitarianism employed by the second class citizens in order to gain equality from the first class citizens. These two forms of agonism are explained to form the axis of Machiavelli's notion of the political and also of a free republic and democracy. Guicciardini's elitist republicanism is shown to stand in opposition...
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Sport as a Theological Challenge
SVOBODA, Vojtěch
The aim of the thesis is to describe relationships between spirituality, Christianity and sport in history and present. In the first part the author underlines ritual origins of games and sports in pre-Christian cultures, especially ancient Greece and Rome. Revolutionary Christianity separated physical competition from religious ritual. In Christian author´s (Paul, Tertullian, Basil, John Chrysostom, John Cassian and John Climacus) games rating there is an obvious ambiguity They criticized an idolatric origin and connection with cults. Attributes typical for ancient athlete, self-discipline and perseverance, they remained positive. Athletes will and willingness to overcome obstacles gave some of the Fathers of the Church as an example for spiritual struggle, the term "athlete of Christ" had a strong significance in this context. The historical part contains Thomas´s Aquinas valuation of sport in the form of games. In discussion focused on the assessment of the sinful nature of games Aquinas submitted to the rule of reason. One of the key issues in contemporary theology of sport is introduced on the difference between the theological concepts of contemporary authors Rev Dr Lincoln Harvey and Rev Dr Robert Ellis. Harvey's theory, based on a systematic basis, based on the classical axioms of Christian doctrine. Sport is construed as a "liturgy of our contingency", set in the autonomous space that God lovingly gives his creatures. The consequence of this theory is the denial of the transcendent dimension of sport. Ellis´s theory is based on empirical research conducted among athletes. His attention is focused on efforts to achieve the best possible performance by referring to Irenaeus of Lyon, Maslow and others interpreted as a reflection of God's self-transcendence necessary for the creation of man. Sport according to Ellis in contemporary society fullfil some of the functions previously belonging to organized forms of religion. The final section deals with altered states of consciousness in sports and their relationship to the mystique. The author begins by describing his own experiences that are then interpreted from five points of view (philosophical, theological, phenomenological, transpersonal and skeptical). On this basis, the author formulates his own interpretation of the connection between sport and mysticism, whose findings help to deepen the above discussion and also can help with looking for a solution.
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Philosophy of Sport
MAREŠ, Lukáš
This bachelor thesis is concerned with physical activities in ancient Greece, specifically in time of philosophers Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Emphasis is put on presenting a broad historical framework, especially because physical activities were closely connected with other areas of human life, namely with religious cult and philosophical questioning. It is the relationship between sport and philosophy which has the major attention. The main task of this thesis consists in presenting physical activities as the important part of the competitive culture in ancient Greece. Described, explained, and compared are fundamental principles and ideals of ancient Greek sport. Special attention is given to its role in educational process. In this sense, physical activities are presented as a suitable instrument for both physical and mental formation of man. Through bodily exercises, individuals were able to achieve higher dimensions of reality, acquire certain virtues, and consequently realize their own potential. Because of these and many other reasons, physical activities in ancient Greece can be a valuable source of inspiration also for people of today. This thesis tries to present them exactly in this way.
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