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Social inequalities in stroke prevalence in Europe
Šimka, Vojtěch ; Kulhánová, Ivana (advisor) ; Bruthans, Jan (referee)
This thesis analyses the relationship between the prevalence of stroke and the level of education in European countries. The aim of the thesis is to identify the factors that influence this relationship using data obtained from the EHIS study. The thesis focuses on the analysis of social inequalities in stroke prevalence in Europe. The results of the analysis confirm the existence of significant social inequalities in the prevalence of this disease in some European countries. Factors contributing to a higher chance of stroke in individuals with lower socioeconomic status have been identified. On the basis of these results, recommendations for governments of countries with a high prevalence of social inequalities are formulated in the final chapter of the thesis. These recommendations relate to access to health care, including stroke prevention and treatment, and aim to reduce social inequalities in this area.
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Longevity -influence of nutrition and physical activity
Pausar, Martin ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Vágnerová, Tereza (referee)
Introduction: Longevity and the factors influencing it have long been the subject of interest for both laypeople and experts. One approach to studying this issue is the observation of individuals who can be considered long-lived and whose physical and mental condition allows them to continue living a high-quality life. Some factors that determine this quality can be influenced more than others. Lifestyle is one of the modifiable factors, particularly its components such as diet, physical activity, and minimizing harmful habits. Aims: The main aim of the bachelor thesis is to find and describe possible common features in the field of eating habits and physical activity in a group of seniors aged 80 years and above. The first objective is to determine the frequency of consumption of selected foods or groups of foods and beverages. The second is to record the prevalence of selected non- communicable diseases in the sample studied and compare with the general population. The third was then to ascertain the proportion of fat and muscle mass of the respondents. Methodology: Data were collected through questionnaire surveys, direct interviews, and supplementary measurements of body composition. The data were then transformed into numerical form and analyzed using a spreadsheet software. A custom frequency...
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Lifestyle, diet and hardening and viral diseases
ČÍŽKOVÁ, Aneta
These topics will be more detailed discussed in the theoretical part, due to their importance in the lives of each of us. Among main topics, the work includes topics related to sleep, rational nutrition, exercise and more within factors that play a significant role in influencing people's health and their lives. In the practical part, the work already deals with cases from practice - everyday life of people. In this section, reader will learn how young people perceive the view of health and its support, and whether they themselves follow the principles of a healthy lifestyle and rational, healthy eating. As a part of the research, respondent's food menus are specifically analyzed, as well as frequency questionnaires mapping the people's diet, the lifestyle and the occurrence of diseases of these people. This work shows and compares the differences in lifestyle within the two investigated groups - people who are hardening and those who are not hardening. The detected shortcomings are discussed in more detail and there are also possible individual recommendations for individuals or the whole group that can be transferred to the wider public. These recommendations are in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization, medicine, or other experts in the field.
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The impact of COVID 19 disease on quality of life in women working in health care
Králová, Helena ; Sládková, Petra (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
The theoretical part of this thesis deals with the issue of coronavirus disease. First, the general characteristics of the disease, the major variants of the virus, the epidemiology and symptoms of the disease are described, followed by an introduction of the diagnosis and treatments methods. Information on the importance of vaccination and rehabilitation cannot be omitted. Towards the end of the theoretical part, the impact that the disease can have on the lifestyle of health professionals is presented, in all aspects, from diet to physical activity, stress, sleep, psychological hygiene and mental state. Last but not least, I also describe the post-covida syndrome and the subsequent care of healthcare workers. The practical part of this thesis is concerned with exploring how Covid-19 disease has affected the normal daily activities of women working in healthcare. Whether this period had an effect on weight gain in these women and whether there was a change in laboratory parameters. The necessary data was collected by questionnaire survey and then recorded in graphs. The questionnaire was distributed online on Google Forms platform. The questionnaire was filled correctly and completely by 128 women working in health care in different professions. The results of blood tests were provided anonymously from 20...
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Level of physical activity in cognitively superior elderly women
Valtová, Nela ; Daďová, Klára (advisor) ; Křivánková, Markéta (referee)
Title: Level of physical activity in cognitively superior elderly women Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to describe the level of physical activity (PA) in cognitively superior senior women and compare it with the PA level of women of the same age. Another aim is to investigate the relationships between PA, anthropometric parameters and cognitive functions in this group of elderly women. Methods: A total of 90 women older than 80 years (mean age 83.4±3.3 years) who declared regular PA in middle age were included in the cross-sectional survey. The testing had the form of an interview with the collection of many anamnestic data, a questionnaire survey and measurement of the waist circumference. The method of determining the current level of PA was the IPAQ-E questionnaire. The MMSE, RAVLT, BNT-2, TMT and VF tests were used to assess cognitive functions. Results: Women over the age of 80 spend an average of 5.03 ± 2.3 h/day sitting, 181 ± 127.5 min/day walking, 167.4 ± 97.8 min/day moderate PA (on 5 days a week), 48 ± 84.4 minutes/day of high PA (on 1 day per week) and their average energy expenditure is 8560.2 MET minutes per week. Based on the evaluation of cognitive functions, it was shown that 33% of women with the status of cognitive SuperAging (SA) are in the research group. According to the...
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The influence of alcohol consumption and smoking on the physical condition of senior women
Teplá, Jana ; Heller, Jan (advisor) ; Kramperová, Veronika (referee)
Title: The influence of alcohol consumption and smoking on the physical condition of senior women Objectives: Assessment of the influence of alcohol consumption and smoking on the physical condition of senior women over 60 years of age Methods: The work will be processed as a cross-sectional study, in which data will be collected using a questionnaire regarding alcohol consumption and smoking during life and four physical tests selected from the test battery Senior fitness test. In order to complete the study, data regarding the lifestyle of the participants will be collected by additional questions. Results: 34 senior women aged 61-89 participated in the study. The average age of the participants was 72,1 years. Three senior women reported consumption of 15 cigarettes per day, one 12 cigarettes, two 10 cigarettes, one 10 cigarettes and one 7 cigarettes per day. Three of these women met or exceeded the normative range for their age in all physical tests, two did not reach the normative range only once, both in the 6-minute walk test, one met the norm only in the 30-Second Chair Stand, and the remaining two did not meet the norms in any test. Seventeen senior women do not consume alcohol, seven stated an average alcohol consumption of up to 20 g per day, ten over 20 g of alcohol per day and two...
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Lifestyle and quality of life of people with overweight and obesity
ŠIMKOVÁ, Simona
Overweight and obesity are a global problem. These diseases are characterized by an excessive amount of body fat in the body. The consequences of excessive body weight does not include only health effects but overweight and obesity also affect quality of life, social life and mental health of people with this disease. The basic measure of overweight and obesity is body mass index (BMI), however it may not be accurate for health risk assessment of each individual, e.g. for the development other diseases related to high weight. There are many variables associated with development of obesity such as genetic predisposition, the environment in which an individual grows up and lives, eating habits, physical activity, stress, etc. The aim of the dissertation was to determine what the quality of life and lifestyle of people with overweight and obesity is, to compare it with the quality of life and lifestyle of people with normal body weight and to describe the differences. It was choosen a quantitative research strategy to acomplish the aims. The data collection was realized by questionnaires and body composition analysis. We used a combination of standardized quality of life questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF and self administered questionnaire which was focused on lifestyle of respondents. Respondents were also measured by bioimpedance device InBody 270 for body composition analysis. The obtained data was statistically evaluated. Statistically significant differences were found between respondents with BMI <25 kg/m2 and respondents with BMI ?25 kg/m2 in individual domains of the questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF. Statistically significant differences were also found in two separately evaluated parts of the questionnaire. A higher quality of life was achieved by respondents with lower BMI in all domains as well as in two separately evaluated parts. We determined that the lifestyle is dependent on gender (positive, negative and also overall lifestyle score) with women having a healthier lifestyle than men. The negative lifestyle score was also dependent on BMI but inversely. The age had no effect in adherence to healthy lifestyle principles. We determined that people with overweight and obesity often have lower educational level. It was determined a significant association with satisfaction with health (p?0,001) and body fat percentage, amount of fat free mass, waist circumference, amount of visceral fat and waist to hip ratio. An alcohol consumption, regular physical activity or frequency of consumption of sweets and unhealthy eating also significantly affected selected body parameters. The dissertation provides a comprehensive view of the quality of life and lifestyle of overweight and obese people. It points to the fact that excessive body weight is not only health issue but it also has a negative impact in almost every aspect in the individual's life. It can point to a need of increasing awareness of all the consequences of overweight and obesity, a need to implement more preventive measures and also a complex approach for people with this disease. The dissertation can be useful for health professionals as well as other people who come in contact with overweight and obese people either in their profession or in daily life.
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Physiological principles of current therapeutic approaches in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Denisova, Elizaveta ; Rudajev, Vladimír (advisor) ; Veverová, Kateřina (referee)
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The pathology of Alzheimer's disease includes amyloid and tau hypothesis, mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Classical treatments for Alzheimer's disease include drugs targeting the cholinergic and glutamatergic systems, such as donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine. Diagnostic tools and techniques are constantly evolving to better identify and monitor the course of the disease. New approaches to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease include beta-amyloid-targeted therapies that seek to reduce the production or facilitate the clearance of these pathological peptides. Nutritional and lifestyle interventions, such as the potential effects of antioxidants on reducing oxidative stress, the neuroprotective effects of statins, and the potential benefits of a ketogenic diet for Alzheimer's patients, have become a key part of a multidisciplinary approach to treatment and are being explored as part of a comprehensive strategy to improve patients' quality of life. Key words: Alzheimer's disease, amyloid hypothesis, tau hypothesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegeneration, cholinergic system, glutamatergic system, new therapeutic approaches, nutrition, lifestyle.
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The diet of type 1 diabetics treated with insuline pumps
NOVÁČKOVÁ, Šárka
The bachelor thesis on the topic "Diet of type 1 diabetics treated with insulin pumps" focuses on the differences between the lifestyle of type 1 diabetic treated with a hybrid closed-loop insulin pump and the lifestyle of given type 1 diabetic with a previous method of diabetes compensation. In addition, the thesis examines the differences between the current diet of a diabetic on hybrid closed-loop insulin pump treatment and the nutritional recommendations for a rational diet. For the present bachelor thesis, a qualitative research was chosen and it included 9 respondents with type 1 diabetes treated with a hybrid loop insulin pump. Data was obtained through a semi-structured interview followed by analysis of weekly dietary information provided by each respondent. In the practical part, background information about the respondents is presented. In order to achieve the objectives of the thesis, the differences between the lifestyle and diet of type 1 diabetic with a hybrid loop insulin pump and the lifestyle and diet of that diabetic with previous diabetes treatment are further compared. Subsequently, each respondent's current average daily energy intake was tabulated and their optimal daily energy intake was related to their rational diet. Below the table, the respondent's weekly diet was described and their current energy intake was verbally compared to their calculated optimal daily energy intake. Finally, in the summary of results, I compared some recommendations for rational eating with the respondents' diets. As a result of the bachelor thesis, type 1 diabetics achieve a better quality of life with hybrid loop insulin pump treatment compared to previous diabetes treatment. Regarding the affinity of the rational diet with the current diet of diabetics, the results are different. From the results of the study, we found out that at least one nutritional recommendation for a rational diet matched the current diet of a diabetic.
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