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Invisible subjects of human rights
Svárovská, Gabriela ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Moree, Dana (referee) ; Kandert, Josef (referee)
The idea of universal applicability of human rights has been a symbol of hope that peace and justice in the world is possible, since the late 1940s. Although it is a fiction, and anthropology can proof this bringing countless evidence, strong general awareness of this idea still inspires many in their strive for freedom and dignity as well as opposition to violence. The aim of this thesis is to bring two controversial examples, illustrating how and why value-driven struggle for promotion of human rights fails. The aim is nevertheless not to compromise this noble idea but to contribute to its more thorough understanding as well as more effective implementation. A chapter on so called female genital circumcision (also known as female genital mutilation) offers critical analyses of the international campaign for eradication of this practice, led by international feminist movement since the late 1970s. The attention is drawn mainly to manipulation of facts and unfair argumentation, thanks to which the so called female genital circumcision was labelled cruel practice of backward societies serving degradation and control of women, making more structured understanding of reality impossible. A chapter dedicated to abortion tries to see political and cultural influences hidden under the surface of debate on...
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Health and social and cultural aspects of female circumcision
KORANDOVÁ, Vendula
This bachelor's work is concerned with female genital mutilation (FGM) issue, also known as female genital cutting or female circumcision. The work is theorethic, divided into ten chapters, which should help understanding the issue of FGM, as the theme has still been tabu and many people have only marginal information about it. The introduction of the work is focused on the meaning of FGM, on its history and the reasons of performing this tradition. It also concerns with Islam and its association with FGM. It is thought, that this religion supports or even orders the procedure, that's why it's important to correct this belief. Althought we can find some relations between the religion and FGM, the reasons for performing this procedure are mostly hygienic, aesthetical, social or other. FGM has harmful consequences on both physical and psychological women's health. Many girls and women die right at the procedure and a lot of surviving ones have numerous complications during pregnancy or childbirth, but mostly at conception. Unfortunately, conception and the whole sexual life may become very painful for the women and may be accompanied by many psychological disorders. With regard to pain, I tried to outline and compare male circumcision and FGM. There are many organizations around the world fighting against FGM, trying to eradicate it. Many organizations try (at least) to improve conditions, in which the procedure is carried out, e.g. to ensure certain hygienic conditions for the procedure, or to ensure the practice and following care to be carried out by medically trained personnel. There is also detailed overview of the countries, in which FGM is carried out, despite it's banned by the law. In conclusion, midwife, who visited several of these countries and met more than one hundred circumcised women, gives her point of view on the problem.
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Childbirth among women in East Africa - medical and social aspects of postnatal care
Veselá, Markéta ; Nová, Monika (advisor) ; Ondrušová, Jiřina (referee)
This thesis deals with the topic of childbirth and birth delivery in Eastern Africa. The theoretical part tackles mostly the high birth rates, midwifery and hygiene habits and rituals, health system, alternative approaches in midwifery care and traditional healing methods, post-natal care as well as high maternal and infant mortality rates. It uncovers the taboo topic of female circumcision and the impact that it has on giving birth. It furthermore describes a case of an especially complicated labour of a Ugandan girl called Fatima Mirembe who gave birth in a prison hospital. The practical part of this paper consists of a research survey that, using questionnaires, aims to find out what the women from the Ugandan Nyakyera Village and the communities nearby experience during and after the delivery and what the quality of local post-natal care is. It also describes the abortion rate in the area and common causes of abortions and it also describes the knowledge of the true story of Fatima Mirembe. Keywords African women, Fatima Mirembe, childbirth, birthrate, Uganda, East Africa, health care, female circumcision
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Female circumcision as a sociocultural phenomenon
Bednářová, Ivana ; Uherek, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
Subject of the thesis is to present female circumcision as a sociocultural phenomenon located across the cultures. Circumcision is presented in changes of time emphasizing negative effects on physical and mental women health. The author concentrates mainly on the efforts of the states to forbid the practice. She mentions researches conducted on the subject and their difficulties and she classifies the types of female circumcision. She pays attention to the factors affecting the practice. She tries to answer the question why the efforts to forbid the practice made by the states fail. The thesis is theoretical analysis of case studies and researches complemented by an interview at the end of the thesis. Key words Culture, female circumcision, ritual, sexuality, sociocultural system.
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Invisible subjects of human rights
Svárovská, Gabriela ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Moree, Dana (referee) ; Kandert, Josef (referee)
The idea of universal applicability of human rights has been a symbol of hope that peace and justice in the world is possible, since the late 1940s. Although it is a fiction, and anthropology can proof this bringing countless evidence, strong general awareness of this idea still inspires many in their strive for freedom and dignity as well as opposition to violence. The aim of this thesis is to bring two controversial examples, illustrating how and why value-driven struggle for promotion of human rights fails. The aim is nevertheless not to compromise this noble idea but to contribute to its more thorough understanding as well as more effective implementation. A chapter on so called female genital circumcision (also known as female genital mutilation) offers critical analyses of the international campaign for eradication of this practice, led by international feminist movement since the late 1970s. The attention is drawn mainly to manipulation of facts and unfair argumentation, thanks to which the so called female genital circumcision was labelled cruel practice of backward societies serving degradation and control of women, making more structured understanding of reality impossible. A chapter dedicated to abortion tries to see political and cultural influences hidden under the surface of debate on...
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Anthropological perspective of female circumcision
RYBOVÁ, Nela
The work deals with topic of female circumcision from aspect of cultures using it. The first chapter is concerned with general information such as definition of the term, typology, health consequences, sexual sensibility of women after the operation and prevalence of this practics in the world. The second chapter describes various reasons for performing of female genital cutting that come from setting of social life, myths and conceptions. The first part of the second chapter introduces different speculative vari-ants of origin of female circumcision, the last part is about connection between FGC and religion. The third section foreshadows current debates and question of interference with practising of female circumcision, thus effort to eradicate it.
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