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Funkční a patologické změny žaludku hostitelů reinfikovaných různými druhy a genotypy žaludečních kryptosporidií
MARKOVÁ, Marie
Representatives of the genus Cryptosporidium are intracellular parasites from the phylum Apicomplexa that parasitise the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates. Within the genus, the species are divided into two groups depending on the site of infection: intestinal and gastric cryptosporidia. Infection with intestinal species is associated with watery diarrhoea, while infection with gastric species is usually asymptomatic. However, studies have indicated histopathological changes in gastric tissue during infection with these species. This work focuses on the influence of infection and reinfection with Cryptosporidium proliferans and Cryptosporidium muris CAT21 on gastric pH, morphological and pathological changes of the gastric mucosa in experimental mastomys and the mouse strains BALB/c and C57Bl6. In mice infected with C. muris CAT21, an increase in stomach pH was observed only after the primary infection; during reinfection, no increase in pH was observed on any of the days observed. In both groups, an increase in mucosal thickness was observed during infection, but was not as pronounced in BALB/c mice during reinfection as during primary infection. In C57Bl6 mice, reinfection resulted in a slight thickening, but no significant peak was observed and mucosal thickness remained similar. Inflammatory infiltrates were present in the tissue of both BALB/c and C57Bl6 mice during both infection and reinfection. Reinfection with C. proliferans led to an increase in gastric pH in both BALB/c and C57Bl6 mice. Although morphological changes were observed after reinfection, they were less pronounced. The results indicate that reinfection can influence the immune response and gastric morphology, but does not cause significant changes in pH. In addition, the influence of acidic water administration on the course of C. proliferans infection was investigated. No significant differences in the course of infection and pathological changes were observed between groups of mastomys supplied with acidic and tap water and infected with C. proliferans.
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Viscerovertebral relations focusing on GERD.
Švorcová, Barbora ; Pánek, David (advisor) ; Martínek, Milan (referee)
I Abstract Title: Viscerovertebral relations focusing on GERD Objectives: The thesis is focused on describing viscerovertebral relations focusing on GERD and physiotherapeutic possibilities of using these relations to influence this disease. It is divided into two parts - theoretical and research. The aim of the theoretical part is to summarize the current knowledge about GERD and mentioned viscerovertebral relations focusing on specific technique - stimulation of the Chapman points. The aim of the research part is to present the study to assess the effect of stimulation of the Chapman points in physiotherapy of patients with GERD. Methods: The study consists of the application of a physiotherapy intervention to probands randomly divided into two groups - control and experimental. The intervention consisted of individual physiotherapy lasting approximately 45 minutes, once a week for 4 weeks, and self-therapy at home based on instructions. The therapy of both groups differed by the inclusion of the Chapman points stimulation in the experimental group. As a method of testing the effect of therapy, two standardized questionnaires were used to assess the symptoms and quality of life of patients with GERD - "GERD-HRQL" and "Relux symptom index podle Belafského ", which were presented to the probands before the...
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Diagnostics of Helicobacter pylori using histological and immunohistochemical examination
BURDOVÁ, Anna
The main topic of this bachelor thesis is the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, its occurrence in the gastric mucosa, and the metod of its diagnosis in the laboratory using histological and immunohistochemical examination. In the theoretical part, I describe the bacterium itself, its morphology and mainly its diagnostics. There are many ways to detect the presence of this bacterium, most commonly divided into invasive tests, which include histological examination, cultivation and urease test, and non-invasive, where we can use serological and breathing tests. I also describe the anatomy and histological structure of the stomach in this part. Then I follow up on stomach pathology, where I focused on the most common diseases caused by Helicobacter pylori, acute and chronic gastritis and stomach tumors. The over-all histological examination is also included, its parts being receiving the sample to the department through fixation with examples of various fixation agents, to embedding, cutting and staining, where I also describe the types of staining that are used in the practical part. I also deal with the topic of immunohistochemistry. One of the goals of the practical part is to master the basic routine Hematoxylin eosin staining, special Giemsa staining and immunohistochemical examination of the antigen using the Anti-Helicobacter pylori polyclonal antibody. Another goal is to map the occurrence of Helicobacter pylori infection based on age groups, sex of examined patients and season. I set two research questions that I would like to answer. Results obtained in the year 2022 will be statistically processed and supplemented with photomicrographs of selected samples.
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Functional and pathological changes in the stomach of hosts infected with gastric cryptosporidia
MARKOVÁ, Marie
The aim of this study was to observe and record the effect of infection with gastric species of the genus Cryptosporidium on the gastric characteristics of their hosts. The species Cryptosporidium proliferans was used for a series of experimental infections, and three types of model hosts - BALB/c mice, C57Bl6 mice and multimammate mice (Mastomys coucha) - were used as experimental animals. Oocysts were detected in the faeces of infected animals by standard parasitological, specific staining and molecular methods and the course of infection and pathogenicity of the Cryptosporidium species were described. Groups of animals comprising of 1-3 animals were humanely euthanized at seven-day intervals up to 70 days after infection. C. proliferans was found to have a direct effect on pH change in selected host types, with an increase in pH at the peak of infection and, depending on the host type, either an increase until the end of the experiment or, in the case of self-healing, a gradual return to physiological values. Pathological changes of the gastric mucosa during the course of the infection were recorded by histological methods, which were its thickening and increased mucus production, as well as the presence of inflammatory infiltrates and the intensity of the infection, to varying degrees across the selected hosts and the course of the infection. We found that even with short-term infection in BALB/c and C57Bl6 mice, there is both mucosal enlargement and thickening, although the pathological changes in these types of mice are not as extensive as in multimammate mice, which do not self-heal.
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Stress and functional disorders of stomach
Marková, Jana ; Maruna, Pavel (advisor) ; Vokurka, Martin (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with issues of stress and relationship between stress and functional disorders of the stomach. Theoretical part describes stomach - its anatomy and physiology with emphasis on regulatory mechanisms. In the theoretical part, stress is handled complexly - from the physiological, pathophysiological and psychological point of view. The stress response is described in detail with its effects on the human organism. Separate chapters are dedicated to the effects of chronic stress on the human psyche and gastrointestinal tract. Functional disorders of the stomach are precisely explored - its classification, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics and therapy are described. Practical part has two parts. First part is an online anonymous questionnaire study distributed among the general public. This questionnaire deals especially with the stress - frequency of feelings of stress, symptoms of stress and how can stress affect the health of the research sample. This part also studies awareness of functional gastrointestinal disorders in general public. Second study examines problematics of functional disorders of the stomach amongst patients of IV. internal clinic of Všeobecná fakultní nemocnice. It is designed as a broad questionnaire study focused on circumstances of the...
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Quality of life after bariatric surgery.
Jankovská, Dominika ; Hošťálková, Monika (advisor) ; Hakenová, Renata (referee)
Dominika Zákoutská Quality of life after bariatric surgery This bachelors thesis is focused on the treatment of morbid obesity by surgical procedures and determining the quality of life after undergoing bariatric surgery. Obesity brings with it a number of different diseases and health complications. All complications lead to a deterioration in the quality of life and it also increase the risk of premature death. If it is not possible to treat obesity by conservative routes (non-invasive methods) it is necessary to proceed to surgical treatment. The most commonly used surgical procedures as adjustable gastric banding, gastric plication, sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass and biliopancreatic diversion. This thesis deals with the first three mentioned types of operations which are adjustable gastric banding, gastric plication and sleeve gastrectomy. The main aim of this bachelors thesis is to determine the quality of life for different types of bariatric surgery at least one year and no longer than 10 after the bariatric surgery. The quantitative questionnaire investigation of 73 clients was carried out at clinical center ISCARE I.V.F. a. s., where in front of one to ten years underwent bariatric surgery. Results of the questionnaire showed significant improvement in quality of life after bariatric...
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Linguistic picture of the particular somatisms in Czech
Škanderová, Adéla ; Janovec, Ladislav (advisor) ; Chejnová, Pavla (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with a lingvistic picture of the world of the particular somatisms, namely the components of the digestive system (stomach, bile, gall bladder, heartburn, intestine). The theoretical part covers the term cognition, cognitive science and, logically, cognitive linguistics. Furthermore, it includes the indispensable and key topics which have to be taken into account to understand the concept of the linguistic picture of the world, i.e. conceptualization, categorization, metaphor, anthropocentrism etc. The practical part is interested in the real occurence of the somatisms in various language contexts. In particular, their occurence in collocations, phraseology and idiomatic expressions. The analysis is based on the profile theory and its image schema. The lingustic backround is supplemented with the psychosomatic knowledge because it appears to be a helpful science branch while completing and considering the possible connection between the occurence of somatism in the language of the specific culture and extralinguistic reality.
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