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Analysis of precipitation regime in Šumava Mountains
Šípek, Václav ; Zelíková, Nikol
The analysis is focused on the description of precipitation regime in the Šumava National Park in comparison with other mountain ranges in the Czech Republic. The period of interest comprised the years 2001-2019. The daily and monthly precipitation amounts were compared to the reference period covering the years of 1971-2000.
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Physical-geographical analysis of the distribution of lynx in the Bohemian Forest
Sladová, Michaela ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
Natural landscape has been changed and forest habitats have been fragmented as a result of human activity. Consequently a decay of forest species has been registered and Eurasian lynx belongs to these threatened species. This wild beast had been exterminated in past in Czech Republic. The Czech and German parts of Šumava Mountains belong to the most forested areas in Europe and therefore they represent convenient areas for a steady occurrence of the mammals which need large areas for their existence. That is why the population of this wild beast was re-established through the use of 24 re-introducted specimen in Šumava Mountains during the 1980s. At present Šumava Mountains represent one of the main central areas of steady occurrence of eurasian lynx in Czech Republic. On the basis of radiotelemetric data coming from 10 individuals of Eurasian lynx (6 males and 4 females) the spatial requirements of this wild beast have been analysed by means of the three following methods: Minimum Convex Polygon, Kernel Home Range and Local Convex Hull. Also the impacts of human activities and relief character have been discussed together with the preference of the provincial cover. It has been found out that the spread of this wild beast is limited by the estate, the traffic infrastructure and fragmentation of...
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Changes in the fluvial valley network at NW Šumava foothills
Hošek, Roman ; Hartvich, Filip (advisor) ; Borská, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the processes causing the changes of the river network. Among the most important processes are tectonics, landslides, headward and lateral erosion, anthropogenic activities, lithology of a stream bed, changes of the erosion base and climate, as a factor influencing the morphology of valleys. The information from the literature search is applied on finding potential valley network changes localities based on indicators of changes of the river network, which were analysed in the GIS environment. Each potential locality was chosen for a presence of an indicator, which may signify changes of the river network: sudden direction changes of a stream, wind gap, streams which flow through topographic barrier, captured stream. The main criterion for finding potential localities was elevation above the valley-floor interpolated surface, where low values indicate low water divide between valleys. These selected localities were compared with the position of the anomalies on the longitudinal profiles of the rivers. The longitudinal profiles with sudden changes of inclination (knickpoint) indicate possible changes of the river network. Key words: changes of the river network, headward erosion, lateral erosion, river piracy, landslides, tectonics, anthropogenic activities, Šumava...
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Possible assessment of runoff variability at experimental catchments in Šumava Mountains
Kalkus, Jan ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Královec, Václav (referee)
Main aim of the thesis is to make an outline of possible indicators of runoff variability and options how to use these indicators to compare catchments of different attributes, based on literature review. Further is mentioned general information about experimental catchments and sorts of researchers which were made there. Applicative part aims at application of selected methods for central Šumava catchment (Ptačí creek, Rokytka river) and upper reaches of Blanice river (paired catchments of Tetřívčí and Zbytinský creek). Results of this part confirm some of previous research results made in the same locations. Keywords: runoff variability, runoff regime, experimental catchment, Šumava Mountains
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Assessment the effect of revitalizing measures of chosen peat bogs in the upper Vydra River basin on their water regime
Doležal, Tomáš ; Kocum, Jan (advisor) ; Kliment, Zdeněk (referee)
Assessment the effect of revitalizing measures of chosen peat bogs in the upper Vydra River basin on their water regime Abstract: Despite a number of research projects, the influence of peat bogs on the hydrological regime remains a largely unexplored topic. In the past, several peat bogs in the Šumava National Park were exposed to a very strong anthropogenic pressure. Subsequently, revitalizing measures were applied to mitigate the impact of human interventions, to stop the degradation of these precious habitats, and to reform the disturbed peat bog water regime. This thesis is focused especially on fluctuations of water table level and on the hydrological regime in the catchments of Rokytka and Cikánský Brooks. Thesis further develops the topic solved in author's bachelor thesis called "Peat bog revitalizing measures and their effect on runoff dynamics in the Otava River headstream area." It contains experimental research of the influence of drainage canals and revitalizing measures on water table fluctuation. It also aims to identify the extent to which meteorological factors contribute to changes in groundwater level and to assess the present state of revitalization measures and their influence on the runoff regime. Key words: peat bogs, revitalizing measures, Šumava Mountains, water regime
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The Transformation of Šumava Mountains at the time of industrialization: Forgotten Traces of Woodworkers
Blažková, Tereza ; Matoušek, Václav (advisor) ; Semotanová, Eva (referee) ; Krajíc, Rudolf (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to show the changes and the development of the landscape and the settlement of the region of central Šumava mountains due to industrialization in the 19th century. The thesis is based theoretically and methodologically in the field of anthropology of landscape and industrial archeology. It combines archive written and cartographic sources with non-destructive field research of anthropogenic relics. The industrialization of the area of interest meant the woodworking expansion that was caused by the lack of firewood in Prague and its surroundings and was realized as a business plan by the noble Schwarzenberg family. Schwarzenberg forest exploatation and timber floating system for firewood transport have brought significant landscape changes to hitherto almost untouched mountaneous forested areas. The field research has identified elements of the floating timber system, such as water reservoirs, watercourse troughs or the Vchynicko-Tetovský floating canal, as well as traces of both, permanent and seasonal settlement of woodcutters. The work divides the area into four zones, depending on how they were used, settled and transformed during the 19th century. The greatest attention is devoted to zone no. I, the remote forest area, which has become a major resource area for the Schwarzenberg...
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Variability in shortwave and longwave radiation in plots with different forest structure in the Sumava Mts. during snowmelt
Míka, Dominik ; Jeníček, Michal (advisor) ; Hotový, Ondřej (referee)
The bachelor thesis analyzed the variability in shortwave and longwave radiation at three locations with different canopy structure in the Ptaci brook basin in the Sumava Mts. The canopy structure was quantified by Leaf Are Index calculated from hemispherical images of the canopy. The shortwave and the longwave radiation were measured by radiometer at all locations. In the healthy forest, the average transmittance of the shortwave radiation was 6,5 % and did not change between individual study years. On the contrary, the transmittance of shortwave radiation increased in the damaged forest during study period. The transmittance relatively increased with increasing incoming shortwave radiation. The net longwave radiation was influenced by several factors which included not only the effect of the canopy structure but also transmittance of incoming longwave radiation and the total magnitude of the incoming solar radiation. The net longwave radiation was positive in the healthy forest, negative in the open area and changing from positive to negative in the damaged forest. The differences in the net longwave radiation lead to different dynamic of snowmelt. The net longwave radiation was correlated with incoming shortwave radiation (r = 0.68) in the healthy forest. The net longwave radiation gradually...
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Usage of meteorological data in hydrological modelling (case study in upper Vydra catchment)
Vlček, Lukáš ; Šípek, Václav
This paper deals with an evaluation of runoff formation at a small catchment (0.6 km2) consisting of two dominant soil types of the Vydra headwaters. Several Hydro-meteorological parameters have been measured at the study catchment and used in a hydrological model in an effort to estimate a proportion of surface or subsurface flow components and their effects on the outflow process. Chosen hydrological model showed that a greater proportion of an outflow from the catchment is generated, in general, from a peat bog area, mainly due to the lower evapotranspiration from the peatland compared to the mineral soil. On the contrary, during dry periods most of the outflow comes from a mineral soil and a peat bog contributes only to the outflow from the lower, permanently saturated layer.
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The Transformation of Šumava Mountains at the time of industrialization: Forgotten Traces of Woodworkers
Blažková, Tereza ; Matoušek, Václav (advisor) ; Semotanová, Eva (referee) ; Krajíc, Rudolf (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to show the changes and the development of the landscape and the settlement of the region of central Šumava mountains due to industrialization in the 19th century. The thesis is based theoretically and methodologically in the field of anthropology of landscape and industrial archeology. It combines archive written and cartographic sources with non-destructive field research of anthropogenic relics. The industrialization of the area of interest meant the woodworking expansion that was caused by the lack of firewood in Prague and its surroundings and was realized as a business plan by the noble Schwarzenberg family. Schwarzenberg forest exploatation and timber floating system for firewood transport have brought significant landscape changes to hitherto almost untouched mountaneous forested areas. The field research has identified elements of the floating timber system, such as water reservoirs, watercourse troughs or the Vchynicko-Tetovský floating canal, as well as traces of both, permanent and seasonal settlement of woodcutters. The work divides the area into four zones, depending on how they were used, settled and transformed during the 19th century. The greatest attention is devoted to zone no. I, the remote forest area, which has become a major resource area for the Schwarzenberg...
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Influence of physiogeographic conditions on runoff extremity (Case study: Comparison of small catchments in the central area of Šumava Mountains)
Hojovec, Daniel ; Janský, Bohumír (advisor) ; Matoušková, Milada (referee)
In connection with the increasing occurrence of extreme hydrological situations, new opportunities for flood protection are emerging. Among these options also includes the gradually increase water retention capacity and to reduce runoff variability in headstream areas. This bachelor thesis deals with the comparison of three physical geographical different river basins in the headstream area of Šumava mountains. The main aim of this study is a research influence of physiogeographic conditions on runoff extremity in the catchment of individual selected streams on the basis of a comparative analysis. Extremity runoff is represented by selected flood situations that were processed on the basis of data from the experimental monitoring of Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague. The opening part of this thesis consists of literary research, physical geographical and hydrographical characteristics of all catchment areas. The main part of the thesis is focused on description and comparison of extreme situations in the monitored catchments. The conclusion of the thesis is an evaluation, which consists in the assessment of the influence of physiogeographic conditions on runoff extremity. In the final evaluation it was found that the reaction of Černý...
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