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Model-based Clustering of Multivariate Longitudinal Data of a Mixed Type
Vávra, Jan ; Komárek, Arnošt (advisor) ; Freuhwirt-Schwitter, Sylvia (referee) ; Hlávka, Zdeněk (referee)
Model-based Clustering of Multivariate Longitudinal Data of a Mixed Type Jan Vávra October 3, 2022 Abstract In many nowadays studies, the data are collected repeatedly on the same units over a certain period of time. Moreover, such longitudinal data are composed of numeric values, count variables, binary indicators, ordered or nominal categories. A few variants of statistical model capa- ble of modelling such often highly correlated data jointly are introduced. On top of that, a methodology of model-based clustering is adapted to such models to discover hidden heterogeneity within the data by dividing units into clusters of specific characteristics. Bayesian approach is taken, generative model is proposed and MCMC methodology is developed for estimation. A simulation study verifying the estimation properties is con- ducted. The methodology is applied to real datasets such as medical data on patients suffering from primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) or econom- ical dataset consisting of thousands of Czech households followed since 2005 (EU-SILC database). 1
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Model-based Clustering of Multivariate Longitudinal Data of a Mixed Type
Vávra, Jan ; Komárek, Arnošt (advisor)
Model-based Clustering of Multivariate Longitudinal Data of a Mixed Type Jan Vávra October 3, 2022 Abstract In many nowadays studies, the data are collected repeatedly on the same units over a certain period of time. Moreover, such longitudinal data are composed of numeric values, count variables, binary indicators, ordered or nominal categories. A few variants of statistical model capa- ble of modelling such often highly correlated data jointly are introduced. On top of that, a methodology of model-based clustering is adapted to such models to discover hidden heterogeneity within the data by dividing units into clusters of specific characteristics. Bayesian approach is taken, generative model is proposed and MCMC methodology is developed for estimation. A simulation study verifying the estimation properties is con- ducted. The methodology is applied to real datasets such as medical data on patients suffering from primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) or econom- ical dataset consisting of thousands of Czech households followed since 2005 (EU-SILC database). 1
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Tests of independence in contingency tables
Gažová, Miroslava ; Omelka, Marek (advisor) ; Vávra, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the problem of independence testing between two discrete ran- dom variables. At first, we define contingency table and the basic notations in the context of independence tests. We describe the most commonly used tests in this field. Next, we present the U-statistics Permutation test of independence (USP), which was first presen- ted by authors T.B.Berrett and R.J.Samworth (2021). In the next section, we focus in better detail on fourfold contingency tables and corresponding problem of testing for the equality of parameters from two independent binomial distributions. In the end, we apply the tests on the real data using the R enviroment. 1
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Sustainable restaurants in Czech context - criteria, barriers and opportunities
Kebová, Barbora ; Kapitulčinová, Dana (advisor) ; Vávra, Jan (referee)
This study deals with the topic of restaurant sustainability in Czech context. The aim of the research was to set criteria for a Czech sustainable restaurant and also to reveal main barriers and opportunities for sustainable operation of a restaurant. The sustainable restaurant criteria were based on an analysis and comparison of four foreign methods of sustainability assessment in the sector of food services (FOODSCALE, Sustainable Restaurant Association, Green Restaurant Association and the Green Seal's GS-55 Standard), one Czech concept of restaurant sustainability, an analysis of good practices in fifteen foreign "sustainable restaurants" and an analysis of interviews with four Czech experts in the field of sustainable development and gastronomy. Based on this data the final Sustainable Restaurant Criteria were established, comprised of 102 criteria, classified into 5 main categories and 26 subcategories. The criteria were then described in detail, in view of the Czech context. The barriers and opportunities for the operation of Czech sustainable restaurant, defined by the above mentioned criteria, were identified from interviews realised with eight restaurateurs, who are already meeting some of the criteria, and therefore are one of the most progressive in Czech Republic in this field. From...
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The phenomen of environmental migration in the context of the floods: case study of rural areas in the South Bohemian Region
Kosková, Jitka ; Drbohlav, Dušan (advisor) ; Vávra, Jan (referee)
The aim of thesis is the environmental migration in rural areas of the South Bohemian Region. The thesis focuses on the migration because of the floods which took place there in 2002 and 2013. These floods are considered one of the most destructive floods in the last century. The aim of this work is based on mixed research in order to determine whether there is the environmental migration in selected municipalities and furthermore, how people react to these events. It also analyzes the impact of external factors such as geographic location, awareness and role of the municipal village on the migration. The research is based on qualitative and quantitative methods. Based on the research it could be said that the environmental migration does not exist in the four selected villages. In conclusion, the above selected external factors do not affect the migration of people due to the floods. In other words, they do not affect human decision whether to stay in the village or leave it. Key words: environmental migration, floods, role of municipality, awareness, geographic location, rural areas, South Bohemian Region
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SUBURBANISATION IMPACTS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Young generation attitude to the ideal habitation
Vernerová, Zuzana ; Lapka, Miloslav (referee) ; Vávra, Jan (referee)
Zuzana Vernerová SUBURBANISATION IMPACTS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Young generation attitude to the ideal habitation Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, Department of Cultural Studies, Rigorous Thesis, 121 pages, 2013 The Rigorous Thesis strives for a holistic approach to the relation of human and landscape. This relation has been explored through the modern phenomenon of suburbanization from the culturological and ecological point of view. It follows the concept of sustainable development, evolution of the concept itself and its impact on urbanization. The teoretical part covers historical and cultural background of the relation and closely analyses urbanization, decentralization, suburbanization and the expansion of cities. The empirical part surveys the youth attitude to the ideal housing and their relation to landscape by a case study. The main task is to chart their opinion on magnitude of the cities and suburb areas growth. The sample of 360 respondents from all regions of the Czech Republic answers the question of ideal housing of the young generation as well as it estimates future development of the suburbanisation trends. Key words: suburbanisation, sustainable development, landscape, culture and nature, ideal housing
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Postoje veřejnosti k politikám mitigace změny klimatu
Kyselá, Eva ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Vávra, Jan (referee) ; Kalvas, František (referee)
Research on public responses to climate change mitigation policies is proliferating. Therefore, a need to critically review the existing research practice arises. Studies published over the last 15 years (n=164) and focusing on public attitudes and responses to climate policies are reviewed in this thesis with respect to a) measures and operational definitions of policy support, acceptability, acceptance, and other types of responses and b) factors related to such responses. A great diversity of measures and measured constructs, frequent lack of theoretical embedding, and conceptual vagueness are currently pervasive in the field. Such state leads to uncertainty of what is being measured, ambiguity, and greater diversity and lower comparability of results. In response to this state, the thesis proposes a construct of policy attitudes and responses as an overarching concept comprising the diversity of measures and constructs already in use, and a theoretical framework, based on the Value- Belief-Norm theory, as a heuristic tool for measurement, analysis, and interpretation of survey results. Additionally, the thesis discusses the interlinkage of public opinion on climate policies and policy-making process to argue the relevance and the role of the reviewed research. Three original studies are part of...
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Judgement of personality based on recordings of dance and gait (obtained using Motion Capture)
Vávra, Jan ; Lindová, Jitka (advisor) ; Krejčová, Lucie (referee)
Judgement of personality based on recordings of dance and gait (obtained using Motion Capture) This study raises the question if it is possible to assess personality traits based on body movement while dancing and walking if we isolate movement from other non-verbal cues. The theoretical part of the study lists theoretical concepts associated with this question and summarizes previous research on the subject. The main part of this study is empirical research: the movement of 21 women was filmed using Motion Capture technology which captures human movement by recording the coordinates of key segments of the body. A virtual female character was used to re-create the movement of the research participants. The resulting footage was then presented to 187 raters, who scored segments of it on two sets of personality scales. The comparison of the raters' scores and self-assesed personality of the participant is subject to the analytical part of this study. The results showed several correlations between assesments of personality traits and self-assesed personality traits, but those were never the same traits (i. e. extraversion was never recognized as extraversion, but possibly manifested itself thorugh ratings of other traits). We also found several more general factors on which the raters' assessments of...
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Empirical analysis of the effectiveness of English Premier League football clubs in the 2019/20 season
Smola, Vojtěch ; Gregor, Martin (advisor) ; Vávra, Jan (referee)
This paper focuses on an empirical analysis of the efficiency of English Premier League football clubs. Scholarly papers, that have focused on this topic previously, have reached different conclusions. The aim of this thesis is to show whether clubs manage to spend their finances efficiently or not, and furthermore to identify the most efficient teams. For this purpose, we have used data from 2019/20 season. We focus on club expenditure (players' and other staff salaries, advertising, new player purchases) and income (tickets, broadcasting rights, sponsors and how many points they earned in this season. We will also take note of the capacity of the stadium. The method used was data envelopment analysis with the CCR model, which is input-oriented, and the BCC model, which uses variable returns to scale, as they are the most appropriate for this purpose. The results show that big clubs or teams successful internationally are not more efficient than other league teams. The inefficiency is primarily due to poor use of resources, but also by the global pandemic of Covid-19.
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