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LEGAL BACKGROUND AND THE ECONOMIC-POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK LAND REFORM IMPLEMENTED IN THE YEARS 1918-1929
Zembová, Nathalie ; Váňa, Daniel (advisor) ; Dufek, Pavel (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the land reform in the period after the establishment of the independent Czechoslovak Republic between 1918 and 1929. The text focuses specifically on the analysis of the land reform, from the aspect of legislative, national and national. The author considers the motives of individual political parties of that time and their ideas about the goals, form, and methods of reform that the parties have promoted. One of the conclusions that emerged from the work on the topic is the fact that the reform in their direction, mainly under the direction of the Agrarian Party, was despite the electoral potential of the rural population in particular as a strong political instrument for consolidating positions in the party structure of the young state. As part of the political argumentation, the political parties used two justifications: the first was in the form of satisfaction of the so-called hunger for a land when there was a still uneven distribution of land holdings at the beginning of the state. One-third of it owned a handful of mostly German and Austrian noble families. Consequently, the reform was carried out in a second spirit, in the in the auspices of the confiscations after White mountain battle, when the reform was to bring about the correction of the wrongs committed in our nation. Another objective was to improve the economic situation of the agricultural sector through the abolition of aristocratic and ecclesiastical lati fundies and landowners, with the land being divided in favor of small farmers and landless people. By 1930, approximately 30% of the state's territory had been reformed. About half of this was redistributed among the new owners, but much of it remained nobility, so satisfaction with the above-mentioned hunger for a land was incomplete. But the other targets were partly met. There has been a significant increase in small cooperatives, which has become the most effective in supplying food in the course of years. The latter, on the contrary, collapsed or survived to the detriment of loans from the State Land Office Fund, which had so indebted to the state for several years to come. Despite the shortcomings in the laws and other standards defined by the land reform in the period under review, the reform objectives were partially met, so the land reform in Czechoslovakia implemented in the 1920s can be regarded as one of the most successful and international comparisons.
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Analysis of foundations of the transition to centrally planned economy in post-war Czechoslovakia (1945-1953)
Smetanová, Kateřina ; Jakubec, Ivan (advisor) ; Váňa, Daniel (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on an analysis of the foundations which enabled and simplified the transition to centrally planned economy in post-war Czechoslovakia. The theoretical part concentrates mainly on the period of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia which is assessed in this thesis to enable a better understanding of all the issues and consequences involved. The main areas analyzed and evaluated in this thesis are political, economical and social factors that predetermined further development. The analysis of factors mentioned above is used to explain and clarify the circumstances of the takeover in February 1948, the origin and principle could already be recognized much earlier. This bachelor thesis also offers a consideration of the so-called closing period of socialist transformation and culmination of the initial wave of power consolidation. The post-war enthusiasm and ideas were changed into ideology that lasted for several decades. The author of this bachelor thesis concludes that the February takeover was not completed in a short period of time but represented the logical outcome of pre-war, war and post-war policies.
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Analysis and comparison of central banking in the Czech Republic from 1948 to the present
Smetana, Michal ; Zeman, Karel (advisor) ; Váňa, Daniel (referee)
The aim of this thesis is the analysis and subsequent comparison of two different systems of central banking in the centrally planned and liberal market economy in the Czech Republic from 1948 until now. The basic parameters of the analysis are monetary policy, independence of central banking and the regulation and supervising of banking sector. The theoretical part deals with economic theory and the theory of central banking, especially monetary policy, exchange rate policy, theory of regulation, theory of independence, theory of supervising and how different economical schools are looking on this issue. Analytical part is divided into analysis and comparison of the two periods on the basis of specific parameters - legislative and legal anchorage, institutional support, monetary policy, supervisory function and independence. From the final comparison, based on the valuation of the pros and cons, is obvious that a system of liberal economy banking is more successful and more sustainable for the future, because it is based on a high degree of central bank independence, which is trying to fulfill its primary goals regardless of the ruling political power.
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The responses in domestic politics to Hodza Plan 1935-1936
Váňa, Daniel ; Jakubec, Ivan (advisor) ; Dufek, Pavel (referee) ; Kovář, Martin (referee)
Abstract The thesis is about the reaction of Czechoslovak political scene to Milan Hodža's Danubian plan. Milan Hodža was Slovak Agrarian and economist who introduced his plan in the second half of 1935 at the time when he was Prime minister of Czechoslovakia. Author emerged from broader considerations of Czech and Czechoslovak ideas about economic and political developments in Central Europe, according to Palacký "space between Germany and Russia." In this context author accepts Palackys beliefs about the indispensability of the Danubian Hapsburg Empire as the counter imperialist expansion's bumper of both the continental powers and efforts of political parties Mladočeši and Staročeši who tried to reform and maintain the country. He also describes the interwar projects of Czechoslovak sovereign foreign policy, where Czechoslovaks tried to take on an inspirational leadership role of Central European economic and political cooperation which was based on Little Entente. Author of this thesis thinks that Hodža's Plan is just one of these projects. And as all the previous projects Hodža's plan had no opportunity to be implemented in the new internationally-political and internationally-economic context. Had Milan Hodža prepared his plan for economic and potentially political cooperation between Danube region countries from the national economy point of view? Did he start the wider discussion about the possibility of Danube region cooperation in Czechoslovakia? These are the basic questions that the author asks and he answers them in the last chapter of his work: Milan Hodža never made any concrete national economic statement for his plan. His attempt for the realization had never gone out of the diplomatic detection. Likewise he did not evoke any specific reaction of Czechoslovak political parties not even in party periodicals.
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Advertising in Czechoslovak Newspapers between the Wars
Požárek, Martin ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Váňa, Daniel (referee)
The diploma thesis focuses on advertising in selected newspapers in Czechoslovakia between the wars. Analyzed advertisements are compared with historical knowledge and consider as a reflection of the economic, social and political situation. According to the knowledge, the period is divided into four parts which show different developments. Advertisements are analyzed and compared between these parts. In each of these parts are described advertising sections the most typical for particular period, which are often related to the economic, social or political situation. The work, for example, observes correlation between amount of advertisements and economic growth or crisis. The work also examines a reflection of the technological development and modern civilization progress. The most frequent products and brands are described as well as social trends and customs, which we can induce from the advertisements. Further there is the analysis the qualitative progress of advertising. Last but not least, there is a comparison of content and the amount of advertising among the analyzed newspapers.
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Economic and political context of withdrawal Czechoslovak border in 1938
Burianová, Tereza ; Váňa, Daniel (advisor) ; Dufek, Pavel (referee)
Bachelor's thesis analyses the economic problems and consequences that have arisen in the context of the political situation and withdrawal the border areas of Czechoslovakia in 1938 and identifies their implications for the rest of the Republic. The theoretical part describes the political events accompanying the issues studied and economic situation before the origin of the Second Republic. The practical part analyzes the problems related to migration, focusing particularly on unemployment, which rose only in the first few months after the resignation of the border region. Furthermore the practical part deals with issues of loss of territory, which greatly influenced the Czechoslovak economy, caused its dependence on Germany and ultimately was one of the causes of extinction of the Second Republic.
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The Great depression in Czechoslovakia - economic development
Kohout, Michal ; Váňa, Daniel (advisor) ; Tajovský, Ladislav (referee)
The world economy has had in the 30th of the last century to deal with the challenge that the world has never seen. It was the Great Depression, which was started by the crash on the New York Stock Exchange in 1929 and had a major impact on functioning of almost all countries worldwide, Czechoslovakia was no exception. This bachelor thesis will focus on the economic impact of crisis on the world's most developed countries of that time. Then the thesis will deal with process of the Great Depression and the impact on the national economy of Czechoslovakia. The most important aim of this work is to find the process of the crisis ,the deepness ,impact on individual sectors and ultimately the grounds of the greatest economic crisis in modern history.
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Great Depression in Czechoslovakia - social and political context
Koštel, Jakub ; Váňa, Daniel (advisor) ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee)
During it's evolution social policy has faced a lot of obstacles which it has had to deal with. Probably the biggest obstacle has been so far the Great Depression, which caused a worldwide unemployment of millions of people. Main topic of this thesis is the struggle between social-policy mesures made by czechoslovakian government and mass unemployment of the thirties. Main point is then to evaluate how the Czech politician representatives managed to deal with this difficult problem and if they succeeded to maintain a sufficient social status of unemployed people during the Great Depression. Integral part of thesis is also a description of evolution of social policy during the twenties which is fundamental to understand the following development.
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