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Molecular Genetic Applications in Archeological and Anthropological Context
Urbanová, Markéta ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Brdička, Radim (referee) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
6 Coxcr-usroN The aim of our studywas to establisha laboratoryprotocolfor isolationand analysisof aDNA. By studying three different skeletal collections answersabout sex, kinship and presenceof pathogenicbacteriawere searched. During the course of this thesisnew protocols for aDNA study were developedand continuously optimized'We wereableto evaluateinformationaboutsexof 37 subadultindividuals(.l8'7%)from Mikulčice settlementcemetery(9thcentury)andto confirmpÍesenceof Mycobacteriumlepraeon 2 skeletonsfromŽatec cemetery(l3th century).Subadult skeletonsexaminationbrought interestingresults of extremelyhigher presenceof maleindividuals. Unfortunately,notall aimswerefulťrlled.By establishedprotocolfor aDNA kinshipanalysisit wasnot possibleto retrievesufficientinťormationfor explanationof familial relationshipof individualsfrom thesame doubleburialsite. All acquiredexperienceand establishedprotocols are very valuable and in fururewe supposetheir full utilizationandimorovementin thefield of kinshioanalvsisof aDNA molecule. 28
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Re-analysis of suspected patients with FAP disease (Familial adenomatous polyposis)
Slavíková, Petra ; Urbanová, Markéta (advisor) ; Václavíková, Radka (referee)
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a condition caused by germline mutations in tumor suppressor gene APC, inherited in autosomal dominant manner. Patients with FAP develop hundreds to thousands of adenomatous colorectal polyps with extremely high risk of malignant reversal into adenocarcinoma of colon and/or rectum. The aim of this thesis is to re-analyze a cohort of highly suspected FAP probands from years 1993-2004 whose diagnosis previously failed to be confirmed by at that time commonly used methods of molecular diagnostics. Next generation sequencing on MiSeq and NextSeq platforms (Illumina®) was performed on 78 samples of probands' DNA, isolated from peripheral blood, using gene panel CZECANCA version 1.2 (Czech Cancer Panel for Clinical Application). The panel enables sequencing of exons and exon-intron junctions of 226 genes linked to hereditary cancer predispositions, newly also including the diagnostically important promoter 1B region of APC. Pathogenic variant in the APC gene was detected in 18 % of re-analyzed probands, 11 % of probands carry pathogenic variants in other genes associated with colorectal polyps. Additional 13 % of probands are carriers of a variants of unknown clinical significance. NGS gene panel CZECANCA enabled diagnosis confirmation or re-evaluation of 22 FAP...
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Molecular Genetic Applications in Archaeological and Anthropological Context
Urbanová, Markéta
The aim of our study was to establish a laboratory protocol for isolation and analysis of aDNA (ancient DNA). By studying three different human skeletal collections answers about sex, kinship and presence of pathogenic bacteria were searched. During the course of this thesis new protocols for aDNA study were developed and continuously optimized. We were able to evaluate information about sex of 37 subadult individuals (78.7 %) from Mikulčice settlement cemetery (9th century) and to confirm presence of Mycobacterium leprae on 2 skeletons from Žatec cemetery (13th century). Subadult skeletons examination brought interesting results of extremely higher presence of male individuals. Confirmation of leprosis on skeletal findings provided very useful historical information about this disease presence on our Czech lands. Unfortunately, not all aims were fulfilled. By established protocol for aDNA kinship analysis it was not possible to retrieve sufficient information for explanation of familial relationship of individuals from the same double burial site. All acquired experience and established protocols are very valuable and in future we suppose their full utilization. At the same time, this study will be surely valuable for other archaeological and anthropological institutions.
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Public attitudes to organ donation
Urbanová, Markéta ; Hocková, Jana (advisor) ; Trávníčková, Ivana (referee)
Organ transplantation is a method of treatment of damaged or missing organ by replacement by a new one that is removed from a donor. Donors may be not only living people but also dead people after cardiac arrest or people with brain death. The aim of the study was to assess the attitude of laymen to organ transplantation. The quantitative research used questionnaires which were distributed since 25th October - 31st December 2017 to non-medical adults older than 18 years living in the Czech Republic. The results demonstrated that the laymen have basic knowledge which organs and tissues can be used for transplantation in humans. Total 110 respondents answered that organs can be removed from people with diagnosed brain death. Knowledge of legislation was a surprise. Over one half of respondents knew about implied consent with organ removal after death and knew at least one possibility how to deny post-mortem organ harvesting. Generally, the public lacks interest in organ donation. People dislike registration unless necessary and dislike discussion concerning death which is a symbol of pain and suffering. Majority of public agree that there is need for more education in the field of organ transplantation and donation. They would prefer a specialised lecture or discussion with medical professionals....
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The effect of playing table football on pupils´ handwriting
URBANOVÁ, Markéta
The thesis explores the possibilities whether playing table football may influence the handwriting of primary school children, i.e. whether it makes the psychomotor aspects of learning to write easier to master. The theoretical part of the thesis is based on medicine and kinesiology. It introduces the functional anatomy of hand when writing. Also, it is based on recommendations concerning correct writing tools and aids used when teaching handwriting. Next, the research part presents factual findings from the field and opinions of respondents helping interpret the research findings.
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Role of media education in the forming of media literacy of children and young people
Urbanová, Markéta ; Hubáček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Poláková, Markéta (referee)
This theses conserns with the theme of the role of media education at formation of the media literacy of young people. This segment of population is found in the part of life, when the life values and life habits are forming This theses is conceived as theoretic - empirical cultural- studies concept, which is researching "media behavior", media literacy and it's compatibility with everyday-life of this population segment. It comes from assumption, that it is necessary to put focus on family - and school influence on formation of media literacy of young people. It aims for answering some key-questions, which flow from this assumption. The text is divided into three parts In the first, theoretical part, I pay attention to terms culture, socialization, enculturation and I engage with media communication, media literacy and media education. The next, empirical part, in which I formulize hypotheses, I put questions to them for polling and consequently based on acquired data appreciate, how much is possible the verifiing of mentioned hypotheses. The third part contains the final summary and includes generalizing interpretation of results and resumes.
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