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The effect of pyrazine derivatives on secondary metabolites content in plant cultures in vitro - III.
Blahnová, Kristýna ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
One of the possibilities how to increase the production of secondary metabolites (SM) in plant in vitro cultures is the method of elicitation. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of an abiotic elicitor from the class of pyrazine derivatives 1-benzyl-3-(pyrazin-2-yl)urea on the production of flavonolignans of silymarin complex and flavonoid taxifolin in the plant culture Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Pyrazine derivatives are investigated for their herbicidal properties, so elicitation proceeds by the mechanism of stress inducing effect. Tissue cultures were grown on Murashige and Skoog growth medium with the addition of the growth regulator α-naphthylacetic acid. Elicitation was performed on both callus and suspension cultures. The elicitor was used in three different concentrations: c1 = 100.0 mg/100 ml; c2 = 10.0 mg/100 ml; c3 = 1.00 mg/100 ml. Particular samples were taken after 6, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours of elicitor effect, control samples after 6, 48 and 168 hours. After drying, the callus and suspension tissues were extracted with methanol and the content of the monitored secondary metabolites was determined by HPLC. It was also tested if SM are released into the growth medium. Flavonolignans silybinin A and silybinin B were not detected in any of the analyzed samples. The...
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The evaluation of microbiological quality of game meat
TŮMOVÁ, Lucie
Game meat has been representing an important part of human nutrition for a long time. However, hygienic requirements for its acquisition, storing and preparation have developer more slowly in comparison with the requirements for the livestock meat. Nevertheless, a proper manipulation with this kind of meat is absolutely essential. The objective of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the microbiological quality of game meat samples (n=76) depending on the selected internal (species, age, sex), and external (the location of bullet penetration, the place of sampling, the length of storage) factors. It has been found out that the total number of microorganisms in samples ranged from 0.00 to 8.11 log CFU/g with the mean value of 6.08 log CFU/g. Numbers of coliform bacteria in the samples were most significantly affected by the external factors and ranged from 0.00 to 7.28 log CFU/g with the mean value of 3.30 log CFU/g. Statistically significant effect (p<0,05) on the microbiological quality of game meat had been found in all external factors and in sex of game animals.
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Constituents of Rosmarinus officinalis and their biological effects
Klížová, Aneta ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Tůmová, Lenka (referee)
CHARLES UVIVERSITY THE FACULTY OF PHARMACY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY Title of the diploma thesis: CONSTITUENTS OF ROSEMARY AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS Candidate: Aneta Klížová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Diploma thesis 2021/2022, pp. 89 Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is a bushy, evergreen perennial plant coming from the Mediterranean. Two pharmacopoeia herbal substances are used from this plant - leaves and essential oil. Rosemary has a wide range of uses. It is mainly used as a spice in the kitchen. Due to its antioxidant effects, it is used as a food preservative. It is also added to various cosmetic products such as soaps, creams, shampoos and perfumes. Rosemary and its components (carnosol, carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid and others) show many effects, which include analgesic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticancer, antirheumatic, spasmolytic, antihepatotoxic, carminative, atherosclerotic, choleretic, antidepressant effects and others. It also works against bacteria and viruses. Rosemary is widely used as a traditional medicine, so it is included in the EMA monograph. Extract of rosemary or substances isolated from it have been tested in many in vitro and in vivo studies. Essential oil...
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Evaluation of flavonoids content in various species of Bergenia genus
Marková, Almíra ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Author: Almíra Marková Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. PharmDr. Lenka Tůmová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Evaluation of flavonoids content in various species of Bergenia genus Originally an Asian genus Bergenia from the family Saxifragaceae includes 32 species described so far and many hybrids that were created by crossing them. The leaves and rhizomes of bergenia used widely in folk medicine of China, India, Mongolia, and Russia are rich in a wide range of chemical constituents. The most important secondary metabolites of this plant are tannins, arbutin, bergenin, but also flavonoids. The drug is valued for its litholytic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, or antitussive properties. This work aimed to determine flavonoid content in red and green leaves of Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsch, Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. and Bergenia x ornata Guill. and their comparison with each other depending on the harvest period and climatic conditions. The samples were obtained from the botanical garden of the Faculty of Horticulture of Mendel University in Lednice. Flavonoid content was determined spectrophotometrically. The highest flavonoid content was measured in B. ciliata (1.1829 ±...
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Isolation and biological activity of the pigment myxoxanthophyll from microalgæ.
Nováková, Michaela ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Kubáč, David (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy Candidate Mgr. Michaela Nováková Supervisor doc. PharmDr. Lenka Tůmová, Ph.D. Co-supervisor Dr. José Carlos Cheel Horna, Ph.D. Title of PharmDr. Thesis: Isolation and biological activity of the pigment myxoxanthophyll from microalgae Global demand for natural pigments has increased in the past few years. Myxoxanthophyll, a glycosylated monocyclic carotenoid, is a pigment that occurs naturally in cyanobacteria but any scalable isolation process has not yet been developed to obtain it from its natural source. In this study, myxoxanthophyll was isolated from unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis salina (S. salina) using high performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC), where the lower phase of the biphasic solvent system composed of n-heptane-ethanol-water (2:4:4, v/v/v) was used as a mobile phase, whereas its upper phase was the stationary phase. For the HPCCC isolation, a multi-injection method was developed, and four consecutive sample injections (70 mg per each) were performed using 20 mg of myxoxanthophyll, which was finally purified with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Overall, a final myxoxanthophyll yield of 15 mg (98% purity) was obtained. The target pigment showed weak antioxidant and...
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In vitro-cultures of medicinal plants - V
Sedlářová, Marcela ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Martin, Jan (referee)
The elicitation of the therapeutically important cultures in vitro is a metod used for increasing the production of secondary metabolites. The effectiveness of elicitation depends on a complex interaction between the elicitor and the plant cell. The elicitation is influenced by many factors: the elicitors specificity, their concentration, the treatment interval, the growth phase of cell culture, the composotion of nutritional medium and the light. A wide array of external stimuli are capable of triggering changes in the plant cell which leads to a cascade of reactions, ultimately resulting in the formation and accumulation of secondary metabolites which helps the plant to overcome the stress factors. This work the influence of UV radiation on the flavonoids production in the callus cultures Genista tinctoria in vitro investigated. The highest production of flavonids was obtained at genistin under the exposure of callus culture to UV radiation of 254 nm wave lenght for the time 300 s with taking of sample after 48 hours. This callus culture grew on SH medium. The content of genistin was 3,03 %. Keywords: elicitation, elicitor, secondary metabolites, UV radiation, Genista tinctoria
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Plant alkaloid sanguinarine and its derivatives
Tůmová, Lucie ; Stiborová, Marie (advisor) ; Hýsková, Veronika (referee)
This work is summarizing actual knowledge about sanguinarine and quaternary benzo[c]fenanthridine alkaloids. The quaternary benzo[c]fenanthridine alkaloids were found in roots plants Sanguinaria canadensis and Macleaya cordata. This plants are used in tradicional Chinese medicine for its antimycotic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities since antiquity. Regarding to possibility quaternary benzo[c]fenanthridine alkaloids to induce apoptosis these investigated such as possible agents for cancer treatment. The quaternary benzo[c]fenanthridine alkaloids interact with DNA and proteins. They are able to intercalate to the DNA. The alkaloids can be used like fluorescence DNA probe. Metabolism by sanguinarine and next quaternary benzo[c]fenanthridine alkaloids has not yet completely determinated. The first step sanguinarine detoxication is its conversion to less toxic dihydrosanguinarine. Sanguinarine oxidation is mediated by cytochrome P450 1A1. Key words: Quaternary benzo[c]fenanthridine alkaloids, sanguinarine, apoptosis, intercalate, heterogenous substances, enzymes, cytochrom P450
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In vitro cultures of medicinal plants - VI
Čvejdlíková, Zuzana ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Zuzana Čvejdlíková Cultures of medicinal plants in vitro - VI Abstract This thesis deals with the plant cultivation in vitro. I studied the influence of abiotic elicitor N-(2- brom-3-methylphenyl)-5-terc-butylpyrazin-2-carboxamid (in concentrations: c1 = 8.36.10-4 mol/l, c2 = 8.36.10-5 mol/l, c3 = 8.36.10-6 mol/l) on the production of flavonoids in the callus and suspension cultures of Ononis arvensis L. The content of flavonoids was determined by photometric method. The highest content of flavonoids (about 5800 %) was observed after elicitor treatment at concentration c3 (8.36.10-6 mol/l) after 48 hours.
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