|
|
Non-contractual obligations with cross-border elements
Holečková, Kateřina ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee) ; Dolanská Bányaiová, Lucie (referee)
Non-contractual obligations with cross-border elements Non-contractual obligations form a specific part of the law of obligations. Non- contractual obligations are characterized by the fact that the respective parties enter them involuntarily and without a clear understanding of their legal regulation. In cases where the respective legal relationship contains a cross-border element, this lack of understanding is even deeper. The subject of this thesis are non-contractual obligations with a cross-border element and their regulation in private international law. The three fundamental questions of private international law are addressed: namely the issue of international jurisdiction, applicable law, and recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements. The current legal regulation of non-contractual obligations with a cross-border elements is contained in a number of legal resources - from international treaties and EU legislation to autonomous national law. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse these systems of legal regulation in order to determine whether they meet the requirement of legal certainty and foreseeability or whether its unification on international or at least a regional level would be beneficial in that regard. Apart from the introductory and conclusion parts, the thesis...
|
|
|
Surrogate motherhood in relations with an international aspect
Burkertová, Eva ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee) ; Zavadilová, Marta (referee)
The thesis is a comprehensive elaboration of the issue of surrogacy with an international element, ie cases where the surrogate mother falls under a different jurisdiction as the intended parents or cases where surrogacy takes place in a country other than the home country of the intended parents. The introductory part deals with the principles on which the Czech legal system is based and the situation in which surrogacy is thus established. The legal regulation is discussed, including the evaluation of the principle that the mother is always certain and the only § 804 of the Civil Code, which mentions surrogacy. The principle by which the acquisition of legal parenthood to a child born through surrogacy is acquired is described. Attention is paid to problematic situations to which surrogacy can lead, especially the issue of enforceability of a surrogate contract, determination and denial of motherhood, criminal aspects, assisted reproduction and the child's right to know his or her origin. The next part describes the situation abroad, where the legislation differs from the legalization of surrogacy (including commercial surrogacy or surrogacy for gay couples) to an explicit ban, where surrogacy can fulfill the characteristics of a crime. The thesis also presents an explanation of the issue of...
|
|
|
Fiduciary in comparative context
Hollmann, Jakub ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee) ; Lederer, Vít (referee)
Fiduciary in comparative context Abstract In this doctor thesis, the author is focused on explaining the historical context of the trust institute development, followed by comparison between jurisdiction in England, Lichtenstein, France, Germany and the Czech Republic. The author also points out differences between traditional common law and continental law systems. Even though the differences between local systems are quite significant, the trust system is gaining popularity across the countries for its flexibility of asset management. Just as the Quebec trust was inspired over time by the adjustment of the trust according to common law, the Czech legislator should proceed to amend the individual provisions of the trust fund so that its usability is as wide as possible. A different way from traditional common law has emerged in Germany, where Treuhand was created with German law leaving a wide margin of discretion and the codified part is a minority, as is the case with the French fiduciary. The great differences between the national regulations of trusts or trust-like institutes necessarily lead to the question of whether it is not appropriate to make certain legislative improvements. It is the comparison and knowledge of the most effective and flexible methods that allows us to make a correct and...
|
|
|
Administration of property of others - trusts
Lederer, Vít ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Elischer, David (referee) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee)
1 Administration of property of others - trusts Abstract The main objective of this thesis is to provide a detailed and systematical view of the new regulation of the institution of the trust in the Czech republic using the descriptive, analytical and comparative method. The work is divided into seven parts. Part 1 of this study is focused on defining the concept of the trust and its creation. It deals with its theoretical background and its fundamental constitutive elements. Part 2 describes the founder and his role at the creation of the trust and during its existence. In this part it is also discussed the question of reservation of rights to the appropriated property made by the founder. Part 3 of this thesis is concerned with the of administration of the trust. Primarily, this part focuses on the role of the trustee and his duties towards the trust and to the beneficiary, as well as his duties to third parties. The author also explores the question of an objective and impartial administration of the trust where the founder or the person who is to receive a performance from the trust is also the trustee, as well as the question of appointment and removing the trustee. Part 4 deals with the beneficiary and his right to receive a performance from the trust. It is also concerned with the way of appointing...
|
|
|
Insolvency of business corporations in the context of European Union and United States law
Šerák, Martin ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee) ; Brodec, Jan (referee)
v anglickém jazyce Despite the market relevance and cross-border operations of numerous credit and other financial institutions, the recent global financial crisis has clearly demonstrated that even the most significant conglomerates of the financial sector are not safe from the threat insolvency. Given cross-border activities of these institutions, any resolution of their market failure requires a comprehensive approach, inevitably facing also complexities arising from the presence of an international element. In this regard, this work examines persisting pitfalls pertaining to determination of international jurisdiction and applicable law, considering specific principles that govern current regulation of international insolvencies of credit institutions in conjunction with fundamental principles of universality and territoriality. With reference to existing case law, it is shown that despite the dogmatic dominance of the universality principle, the international solution of the insolvency of credit institutions still clashes with significant territorialism tendencies. Given the unique position of credit institutions and their systemic importance for financial stability, their resolution has traditionally been entrusted to supervisory authorities with competence. As a result, credit institutions...
|
|
|
Tortious Liability of a Member of a Statutory Body of a Business Corporation Towards Third Parties
Flídr, Jan ; Pelikánová, Irena (advisor) ; Elischer, David (referee) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee)
The dissertation addresses liability borne by members of statutory bodies (directors) for damage caused to third parties (parties not involved in the relevant corporation) where the director commits a tort in discharge of his/her tasks for the corporation, as stipulated under the general provisions of tort law. The dissertation is structured into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter outlines the foundations for the analysis of directors' liability for torts. In the second chapter, the author tackles the topic of liability that directors bear under civil law for any tortious acts they commit, concluding that directors are liable to compensate any damage caused by a tort committed by them while acting for the relevant corporation. The director's personal liability vis-à-vis the aggrieved party for any tort committed is not prejudiced by the fact that the director committed the tort while performing his/her tasks; this circumstance only means that the tort will be attributed to the legal person, which then is liable for the tort together with the director. The author primarily argues here that the principles governing legal representation are not applicable to torts committed by directors, and the legal consequences of the tort thus cannot be attributed solely to the legal person...
|
|
|
The Instruments of Protecting Creditors of the Joint Stock Company
Przeczek, Michal ; Černá, Stanislava (advisor) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee) ; Elischer, David (referee)
1 The Instruments of Protecting Creditors of the Joint Stock Company Abstract The aim of submitted thesis is to analyse those instruments of the business corporations law that have a purpose to ensure a certain level of creditor protection in relation to the joint stock company as a typical representative of a capital company. The key characteristic of this form of a business company is a limited (or more precisely de facto excluded) liability of shareholders for its debts and a strict application of a separate ownership principle. On the one hand, this fact leads to its use for important business projects, but on the other hand, it also increases a probability of moral hazard by shareholders in some situations, which is contrary to interests of creditors. This is connected especially with a distribution of sources by a joint stock company to its shareholders. Instruments applied by a business corporations law are able to react to the riskiest situations and they also have a preventative character. Categorization of these instruments is a part of an introduction to this thesis together with a classification of creditors, which form a heterogenous group with different power and particular interests. The attention is also paid to some general instruments as information duties of business companies to third...
|
|
|
International drone goods transportation
Říha, Vojtěch ; Růžička, Květoslav (advisor) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee) ; Brodec, Jan (referee)
International drone goods transportation - Abstract, key words The aim of this work is to explore the possibilities of liability concepts in relation to unmanned aerial vehicles that transport goods in the international transport of goods. For this purpose, a comparison of the normative theory of František Weyr and the way of functioning of formally logical systems is performed within the work. This normative theory has a great impact on the actual functioning of the information system itself, which is exempt from the content of its own rule contained in the norm itself. There are described methods of acknowledging machines and the method of interpretation and application of individual rules contained in norms themselves that are being interpreted by these machines. All this precisely with regard to the fact that unmanned aerial vehicles cannot learn to distinguish between inner values of norms, on which individual legal norms are based. This is because unmanned aerial vehicles cannot achieve this with the help of a tool of pure intelligence alone. Since unmanned aerial vehicles interpret and apply their own internal norms to the outside world only as they are set within their normative setting. This normative setting is also related to the protection against banal evil and the protection of notional...
|
|
|
Current issues of cross-border insolvency proceedings
Střížová, Veronika ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee) ; Brodec, Jan (referee)
The aim of this PhD thesis is to analyse the current status of European insolvency law and with the help of both national and European judicial decisions put together an overview of practical obstacles that insolvency courts, debtors, creditors and insolvency trustees across Europe are facing when dealing with cross-border insolvencies. At the very core of this topic stands the European Insolvency Regulation ("EIR") which was adopted in 2015 and is effective within the member states as of June 2017. Since this regulation was put together as a recast of its predecessor, i.e. the original insolvency regulation adopted in 2000 and effective as of 2002, naturally this research is oriented at comparing the two legislative acts and mainly assessing whether or not the recast EIR managed to overcome some of the inconsistencies in the wording of the original EIR, often resulting in conflicting interpretations and a great deal of preliminary rulings filed with the Court of Justice of the EU. Apart from looking into good old instruments of private international law such as the scope, the jurisdiction, the choice of law and the recognition and enforcement rules governed by the EIR, this thesis also focuses on topics that are very bankruptcy-specific and dissimilar to anything we know from other fields of law....
|
|
|
Registration and Use of Domain Names in Unfair Competition
Zajíc, Jan ; Patěk, Daniel (advisor) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee)
Registration and Use of Domain Names in Unfair Competition The subject of this diploma thesis is the application of Czech law concerning unfair competition to the unfair competition practices related to registration and use of domain names, in particular to the unfair competition practices of cybersquatting. The aim of the thesis is examining questions whether the Czech legislation provides an effective instrument for ensuring legal recourse to the practices concerned. In order to solve the stated issue, the author of the thesis describes in the first chapter, mainly by the descriptive method, the necessary technical basis of domain name problematics and registration, in the second chapter defines the legal nature of a domain name and related rights considering the recodification of civil law, in the third chapter the author analyzes mainly by the descriptive method the legal grounds of EU legislation on competition, the form of regulation and its influence on the national regulation of unfair competition. The fourth chapter examines the general provision of unfair competition and analyzes whether the general provision is correctly interpreted and applied by courts to unfair competition practices of cybersquatting, particularly whether the courts correctly interpret the concept of the normative...
|
guest ::
