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Matching the role of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan, aggrecan, in dense extracellular matrix of perineuronal nets and glial scar
Gmiterková, Lenka ; Růžička, Jiří (advisor) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
Traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries are worldwide medical problems. Disruption of the tissue leads to the changes in the cellular and extracellular matrix composition. This newly formed scar is not permissive for the axonal regrowth. Its function in prohibiting neuronal plasticity is similar to the perineuronal nets present in undamaged brain. One of the key components of both perineuronal nets and scar is proteoglycan aggrecan. In this thesis I focused on the function of aggrecan in central nervous system, mechanism of its growth inhibitory feature and research in the field of traumatic brain or spine cord injury treatment. It is important topic, since currently there are not any approved human therapies to recover axonal growth at the site of formed scar.
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The role of ageing in the changes of the brain extracellular matrix and extracellular space properties
Kamenická, Monika ; Vargová, Lýdia (advisor) ; Růžička, Jiří (referee)
The process of aging causes the major changes in nervous tissue such as changes in the size of brain, architecture of glial cells and extracellular matrix. The size of brain is on the decrease as consequence of aging and there is a change of molecules as well as morphology at all levels. Extracellular space (ECS) is interstitium important especially in communication between cells mediated by diffusion. The limit of diffusion in extracellular space is given by size of ECS, which is discribed by volume fraction and tortuosity, that reflect amount of diffusion barriers. The changes of ECS diffusion parameters during aging were measured by real-time iontophoretic method in four parts of brain (cortex - Cx, hippocampus - Hp, inferior colliculus - IC and corpus trapezoideum - TB). Further, we studied influence of deficiency of Bral2 link protein at differences of ECS diffusion parameters and importance of Bral2 protein at aging and regulation mechanisms of cytotoxic brain edema. Our results show, that aging leads to decreasing of ECS volume v Cx and Hp, but it was not observed in IC and TB, where the intact perineuronal nets act like protecting shield against the degenerative disease induced by aging. However, small differences in composition of perineuronal nets, deficiency of Bral2 link protein, may...
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The effect of structural changes in perineuronal nets and deep cooling on synaptic plasticity and memory of tauopathy mice
Šafránková, Kristýna ; Růžička, Jiří (advisor) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
Tauopathy is accompanied by both loss of neurons and synapses. The neuronal loss is irreversible with very low chance of functional replacement therapy. However, lost synapses could be restored with proper stimuli. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are serving as a protecting barrier for neurons, on the other hand they are significantly decreasing the synaptic plasticity. Temporary disintegration of the PNNs by enzymatic therapy might lead to rewiring and accelerate processes of memory and learning. Model of Cold Induced plasticity leads to the withdrawal of significant number of synapses across the brain. The recovery of these could be followed in healthy and diseased animals. Moreover, it can stimulate Cold shock protein dependent neuroprotective mechanisms. This master thesis is focused on these two forms of synaptic plasticity models; forced remodeling of PNNs and model of cold induced synaptic plasticity. Both will serve as a tool to modulate processes of memory and learning in the P301S tauopathy, in mice. In detail, the work will follow changes in the number of synapses at the region of CA1 of hippocampus and synaptic protein levels at level of whole hippocampus and behavioral recovery of pre-trained long-term memory task dependent on dorsal hippocampus. Key words: Perineuronal nets, aggrecan,...
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Information resources of film studies area accessible on WWW
Růžička, Jiří ; Bratková, Eva (advisor) ; Czesany Dvořáková, Tereza (referee)
Tématem práce je zmapování informačních zdrojů v oboru filmová věda v prostředí WWW. Cílem práce je analýza a hodnocení jednotlivých tipů těchto zdrojů, a to především těch, které jsou dostupné v českém, slovenském a anglickém jazyce. Jednotlivé zdroje jsou hodnoceny z hlediska funkčnosti, struktury zdroje a záznamu filmů a osob. Hlavní pozornost je zaměřena na čtveřici nejužitečnějších zdrojů z pohledu autora práce, tedy Internetovou filmovou databázi (http://www.imdb.com), Filmové databáze online, Česko-Slovenskou filmovou databázi (http://www.csfd.cz) a Mezinárodní databázi filmových archivů FIAF. Tyto informační zdroje pak jsou detailně popsány. Práce se dále věnuje menším informačním zdrojům, které jsou unikátní zejména díky svému užšímu zaměření a mapují různé geografické oblasti světa, popřípadě různé žánry a přinášejí aktuální zprávy ze světa filmu. Výsledek práce ukazuje, že kvalitních zdrojů v prostředí WWW je velmi mnoho, proto se autor práce pokouší tyto zdroje roztřídit a vyhodnotit jejich účelnost.
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Style and History: Literarity of Language and its Impact on Historical Temporality
Řídký, Josef ; Bílek, Petr (advisor) ; Růžička, Jiří (referee) ; Krásová, Eva (referee)
The goal of this work is to offer a new approach towards a literary reading of history without subordinating it to the realm of fiction, the troubling solution previous narrativist approaches resorted to. Instead, this work conceives of historical writing as a genre of its own, intertwining both explanation and narration and thus creating a distinctive aesthetic horizon or effect of reading that enriches our perception of the past. The work develops this rhetoric of history in three subsequent steps, elaborated in three different parts. The first introduces the oeuvre of Paul Ricoeur, namely his Time and Narrative, which allows us to define historical discourse as a narrative genre that represents traces of the past and, via the tools of quasi-intrigue, refigures them into the temporal categories of narrative identity and historical consciousness. As it turns out, historiography is a genre prone to represent historical time, which is the main reason why it must both narrate and explicate. The second part puts this theoretical model into practice to prove that it can be used as a method of reading historiographic texts. To demonstrate its viability, a wide variety of texts is interpreted: a postmodern historiography, positivistic texts, a big scale history, microhistories. The third part confronts...
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Causes of epilepsy due to disorders of cortical development of the brain
Populová, Jana ; Řehořová, Monika (advisor) ; Růžička, Jiří (referee)
Malformation of cortical development are an important cause of childhood epilepsy. It is estimated that up to 40% of these cases are medication-resistant. Pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of epilepsy are unknown. Identification of new type of genes associated with MCD leads to development of new experimental models recapilute human clinical symptoms. Aim of this study is to summarize information on current progress in this area obtained from MCD experimental models. These informations will help us better understand epileptogenesis. Keywords: malformation of cortical development, epilepsy, focal cortical dysplasia, epileptogenesis
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Molecular basis of in vivo and in vitro differentiation of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease
Zitta, Pavel ; Krylov, Vladimír (advisor) ; Růžička, Jiří (referee)
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the spreading process of loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). DA neurons are a major source of dopamine (DA) in the central nervous system, the release of which plays an important role in controlling many brain functions, including mood and movement control. The induction of DA neurons depends on two signaling centers floor plate (FP) and an isthmic organizer, also known as the midbrain- hindbrain boundary (MHB) of the brain. A signaling cascade is formed by involving a large number of transcription factors that regulate the differentiation of DA neurons through their expression. Subsequent stimulation of fully mature DA neurons allows the release of dopamine in the locomotor networks of the brainstem, which causes movement. New discoveries suggest that there is a detailed consensus among the oldest and current vertebrate representatives in the organization of DA projections. This may indicate that these pathways, which have current representatives of vertebrates, evolved more than 500 million years ago.
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Stem cells and modified biomaterials in the for the treatment of spinal cord injury
Růžička, Jiří
Progress in experimental treatments of spinal cord injury (SCI) utilizing growth factors, stem cells and biomaterials has revealed the pathological mechanizms of the secondary processes and demonstrated the potential of combined therapy for future clinical treatment. The mobilization of bone marrow by the combined application of Flt3 ligand and G-CSF diminishes astrogliosis and increases axonal sprouting and thus leads to more pronounce spinal tissue sparing and neurological improvement when compared with single treatments. All types of stem cells used in this study significantly decreased the locomotor deficit after SCI. The most noticeable impact was observed in the NP-iPS treated group, especially due to their long term survival, interaction with host tissue, their impact on glial scarring and modulation of the immune response. MSCs, despite their short lifetime, decrease the immune response after SCI and modulate glial scar formation. The lowest effectivity on locomotor recovery after SCI was demonstrated by fetal spinal progenitors, which were not capable of sufficient integration into the host tissue, even though they showed long-term survival and differentiation. The methods used to prepare methacrylate based hydrogels have a significant impact on the adhesion, growth and survival of MSC...
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The effect of structural changes in perineuronal nets and deep cooling on synaptic plasticity and memory of tauopathy mice
Šafránková, Kristýna ; Růžička, Jiří (advisor) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
Tauopathy is accompanied by both loss of neurons and synapses. The neuronal loss is irreversible with very low chance of functional replacement therapy. However, lost synapses could be restored with proper stimuli. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are serving as a protecting barrier for neurons, on the other hand they are significantly decreasing the synaptic plasticity. Temporary disintegration of the PNNs by enzymatic therapy might lead to rewiring and accelerate processes of memory and learning. Model of Cold Induced plasticity leads to the withdrawal of significant number of synapses across the brain. The recovery of these could be followed in healthy and diseased animals. Moreover, it can stimulate Cold shock protein dependent neuroprotective mechanisms. This master thesis is focused on these two forms of synaptic plasticity models; forced remodeling of PNNs and model of cold induced synaptic plasticity. Both will serve as a tool to modulate processes of memory and learning in the P301S tauopathy, in mice. In detail, the work will follow changes in the number of synapses at the region of CA1 of hippocampus and synaptic protein levels at level of whole hippocampus and behavioral recovery of pre-trained long-term memory task dependent on dorsal hippocampus. Key words: Perineuronal nets, aggrecan,...
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