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LacZ-alpha complementation peptide as a tool for molecular evolution studies
Ptáčková, Barbora ; Hlouchová, Klára (advisor) ; Vaněk, Ondřej (referee)
Proteins are the key structural and functional molecules of living organisms. Although the last decades have brought a lot of knowledge about their structural and functional characteristics, science still lacks very basic answers about how these properties evolved. Current predominant opinions suggest that early genetic code contained only a subset of today's canonical amino acids. Both exogenous and endogenous sources of prebiotic amino acids imply that even though the prebiotic amino acid repertoire was very broad, only about half of the proteinogenic amino acids were present. It follows that the ''evolutionary new'' amino acids were added to the genetic coding system only after the evolution of their biosynthetic pathways. From the current scientific knowledge it is unclear whether proteins composed of "evolutionary old" amino acids could serve basic metabolic functions and if today's proteins could be "reversely-evolved" to be composed of only such a subset of amino acids while maintaining their structural and functional integrity. These questions lie at the core of this study. This thesis aims to test a starting methodology that would randomize "new" amino acid positions by "old" amino acids in the sequence of LacZ-alpha peptide. This peptide was selected as a target model protein because it...
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Self efficacy of girls and boys in mathematics in adolescence
Ptáčková, Barbora ; Smetáčková, Irena (advisor) ; Páchová, Anna (referee)
TITLE: Self efficacy of girls and boys in mathematics in adolescence AUTHOR: Barbora Ptáčková DEPARTMENT: Department of Psychology SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Irena Smetáčková, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: The central term of this thesis is the concept of Albert Bandura self efficacy which is applied to the field of mathematics. The theoretical part focuses on defining the concept of self efficacy and trying to put it into the context of adolescence, school environment, school results and gender issues. I also deal with the performance of pupils in mathematics and last but not least, the issue of gender. The aim of the empirical part is to chart the relationship between self efficacy, evaluation of their own success, knowledge, skills and attitudes to mathematics (identification with mathematics, popularity of mathematics) and see if there are any differences between girls and boys in how they relate to their abilities in mathematics. The research sample consisted of 55 students - girls and boys from primary schools, the year 8. The results were obtained by using our established research tools: questionnaires on the level of self efficacy in mathematics, general questionnaire and mathematical test with evaluation of their own success. The research didn't confirmed the difference between girls and boys in self efficacy in...
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Structural characterization of selected random protein sequences with high disorder content
Ptáčková, Barbora ; Hlouchová, Klára (advisor) ; Šilhán, Jan (referee)
An infinitesimal fraction of the practically infinite sequence space has achieved enormous functional diversity of proteins during evolution. Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) which lack a fully defined three-dimensional structure are the most likely precursors to today's proteins because of their flexible conformation and functional diversity. But how have these proteins evolved into often rigid and highly specialized protein structures? This evolutionary trajectory has the greatest support in the theory of induced fold whereby the development of the structure was mediated by the interaction and coevolution of primordial unstructured proteins with different cofactors or RNA molecules. Although some random sequences from the sequence space which is not used by nature are also able to form folded proteins the more suitable candidates for evolution of structure and function appear to be random sequences with a high content of disordered which have low aggregation propensity. The selected random protein sequences with high disorder content have been structurally characterized in this work for their further use in evolutionary studies. Three artificial proteins were selected from a random-sequence library based on previous study in our laboratory. In the present work they were purified and...
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Scene memorability and change salience: memory-perception relationship
Ptáčková, Barbora ; Lukavský, Jiří (advisor) ; Škaloudová, Alena (referee)
In the thesis, I focus on the relationship between visual memory and the ability to detect changes in photographs. In the theoretical part I introduce the change detection and "change blindness" phenomenon. Next, this work explores visual memory and refers to studies that focused on visual long-term memory and its role in change detection. The objective of the empirical part of this thesis is to map the relation between visual memory (scene memorability) and change detection illustrated on the ability to recognize changes in photographs of indoor and outdoor scenes. Research was conducted by means of an experiment devised in PsychoPy using flicker paradigm. The research sample comprised 42 respondents, mainly university students. Research results did not confirm the existence of a relation between visual memory and change detection. No correspondence was found between these variables, not even at the level of each category, suggesting that change detection depends on other factors than visual long-term memory. KEYWORDS: Change blindness, visual long-term memory, change detection, memorability, perception, experiment
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LacZ-alpha complementation peptide as a tool for molecular evolution studies
Ptáčková, Barbora ; Hlouchová, Klára (advisor) ; Vaněk, Ondřej (referee)
Proteins are the key structural and functional molecules of living organisms. Although the last decades have brought a lot of knowledge about their structural and functional characteristics, science still lacks very basic answers about how these properties evolved. Current predominant opinions suggest that early genetic code contained only a subset of today's canonical amino acids. Both exogenous and endogenous sources of prebiotic amino acids imply that even though the prebiotic amino acid repertoire was very broad, only about half of the proteinogenic amino acids were present. It follows that the ''evolutionary new'' amino acids were added to the genetic coding system only after the evolution of their biosynthetic pathways. From the current scientific knowledge it is unclear whether proteins composed of "evolutionary old" amino acids could serve basic metabolic functions and if today's proteins could be "reversely-evolved" to be composed of only such a subset of amino acids while maintaining their structural and functional integrity. These questions lie at the core of this study. This thesis aims to test a starting methodology that would randomize "new" amino acid positions by "old" amino acids in the sequence of LacZ-alpha peptide. This peptide was selected as a target model protein because it...
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Self efficacy of girls and boys in mathematics in adolescence
Ptáčková, Barbora ; Smetáčková, Irena (advisor) ; Páchová, Anna (referee)
TITLE: Self efficacy of girls and boys in mathematics in adolescence AUTHOR: Barbora Ptáčková DEPARTMENT: Department of Psychology SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Irena Smetáčková, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: The central term of this thesis is the concept of Albert Bandura self efficacy which is applied to the field of mathematics. The theoretical part focuses on defining the concept of self efficacy and trying to put it into the context of adolescence, school environment, school results and gender issues. I also deal with the performance of pupils in mathematics and last but not least, the issue of gender. The aim of the empirical part is to chart the relationship between self efficacy, evaluation of their own success, knowledge, skills and attitudes to mathematics (identification with mathematics, popularity of mathematics) and see if there are any differences between girls and boys in how they relate to their abilities in mathematics. The research sample consisted of 55 students - girls and boys from primary schools, the year 8. The results were obtained by using our established research tools: questionnaires on the level of self efficacy in mathematics, general questionnaire and mathematical test with evaluation of their own success. The research didn't confirmed the difference between girls and boys in self efficacy in...
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Influencing healthy oriented physiological fitness by using BOSU
Ptáčková, Barbora ; Krištofič, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Marek, Jaroslav (referee)
Title: Influencing healthy oriented physiological fitness by using BOSU® Aims: The main aim of the diploma thesis is an analysis of a potential use of BOSU® exercise equipment in the process of influencing healthy oriented physiological fitness and an analysis- based project of a structured exercise program. Method: This thesis does not have an experimental scientific character. The objective definition was based on personal experience in the field of exercise programs and made with regard to the absence of specialized publication about the new exercise trend BOSU®. The thesis includes a satisfaction questionnaire research about BOSU® lessons and its statistic evaluation. Results: Analysis of potential use of BOSU®, project for exercise programs structure using BOSU® and a description of its influence on elements of healthy oriented fitness. Key words: Healthy oriented fitness, BOSU®, regular exercise activity, exercise abilities, questionnaire research, model exercise program.
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