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Concepts and legal consequences of an excessive use of self-defence and necessity
Procházková, Lucie ; Vokoun, Rudolf (advisor) ; Pelc, Vladimír (referee)
The concept and legal consequences of excessive self-defense and necessity Abstract The presented master's thesis deals with the criminal law institutes of self-defense and necessity, especially their legal conditions and legal consequences associated with their violation. In the system of Czech criminal law, both institutes hold a place among the explicitly regulated circumstances excluding criminal liability. They are significant institutions that enable anyone to protect their legitimate interests or the legitimate interests of others, the state, or society as a whole when these interests are threatened by a certain danger, and the competent authorities are unable to ensure their proper protection. The fact that an act was committed in a situation of necessity or self-defense excludes the unlawfulness of such conduct and, consequently, the criminal punishment associated with it. However, for such conduct to be considered permissible and beneficial for society, it is essential that the conditions and limits stipulated by the criminal code for actions in necessity and self-defense are met. The aim of this work is to comprehensively analyze these individual conditions and limits, and subsequently define the concept and different types of excess in necessity and self-defense. The thesis also thoroughly...
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The impact of development aid on democracy and human rights in Haiti in the 21st century.
Procházková, Lucie ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (advisor) ; Martinková, Viera (referee)
The Democratic Republic of Haiti occupies the western part of the island of Hispaniola, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world, and despite the significant amount of development aid that flows into the country each year, the country remains in a critical state. The lack of integrity of the local government, the strengthening of criminal gangs, and the unsustainable state of the economy are just a few examples of the factors that influence this whole process. The bachelor thesis, therefore, deals with the power of development in Haiti. It describes individual's pacts and requirements of aid, the motivation of donors, or internal and external aspects that influence the applicability of aid in the country. It also looks at there as one for the failure of aid, which prevents the establishment of sustainable development in the country. In my work, I try to come up with possible solutions or steps that could move the situation t establishment of sustainable development in the country.
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Exploring the diversity of snow algae using polyphasic approach
Procházková, Lenka ; Nedbalová, Linda (advisor) ; Karsten, Ulf (referee) ; Hoham, Ronald (referee)
Snow algae cause blooms in slowly melting snowfields in mountain and polar regions. Although they are excellent models for the study of life in extremely cold environments, their taxonomical diversity, geographical distribution and variety of physiological strategies used to cope with their harsh environment are only partially understood. This work was focused on green algae from the order Chlamydomonadales and in one case on golden algae from the order Hibberdiales. An integrative approach was applied to characterise species, including the sequencing of several molecular markers (18S rDNA, ITS2 rDNA, rbcL) to reveal genotypes and infer phylogenetic positions. Light and electron microscopy were conducted to describe the detailed structure of cell wall surfaces and intracellular compartments. Moreover, fatty acid and pigment profiling were carried out to provide new insights into the adjustments of metabolic pathways in these algae. Rapid light curve measurements were used as a proxy of light preferences of photosystem II. Firstly, one of the main algae responsible for causing the phenomenon of red snow was shown to represent a single, monophyletic lineage, independent from other algae within the Chlamydomonadales (paper I). Therefore, the new genus Sanguina (S.) was described, with two...
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The impact of the pandemic Covid-19 on single living seniors
PROCHÁZKOVÁ, Linda
The bachelor thesis deals with the description of the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on single living seniors. At the beginning of the work, the age and the associated changes and pitfalls are described. The issues of deprivation, isolation and separation are also discussed. In the last chapter of the theoretical part, the bachelor thesis focuses on epidemics and pandemics. This chapter describes their impact on the human psyche and how to manage it using coping strategies. The empirical part consists of research focused on the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on single living seniors. Within the mixed design, the principles of quantitative and qualitative methods were used. In the quantitative part, there was a comparison of single living seniors with those who live with a partner or family. The qualitative part focused on a closer study of the experiences of those who have to cope with this pandemic situation themselves. The data used for this bachelor's thesis come from the JUPSYCOR research project, which obtained information using a questionnaire survey during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic.
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The phenomenon of the Peace Race in the context of time
Procházková, Lucie ; Horčička, Václav (advisor) ; Pešta, Mikuláš (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the cycling stage Peace Race. The aim is to demonstrate the link between politics and sport. Specifically, the abuse of sport to promote political views. Therefore, period materials, such as spectator letters, newspaper articles or reports between race organizers, will be analyzed and the consequences drawn. The work deals with specific years that directly influenced the course and organization of the Peace Race. The main emphasis is on the first years of the race and then on the 80s of the 20th century, when there was an accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which had a great impact on the race. Key words: Cycling, Czechoslovakia, Peace Race
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Accumulation of phenolic compounds in Spirogyra in stress conditions
Ráček, Jan ; Pichrtová, Martina (advisor) ; Procházková, Lenka (referee)
Phenolic substances represent one of the major groups of secondary metabolites of higher plants that play a role in a number of biotic and abiotic interactions. Among algal groups, these substances are produced, for example, by conjugating algae (Zygnematophyceae), which are currently considered to be the closest living relatives of higher plants. The common function of phenolic substances is protection against the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation, or even an excessive amount of photosynthetically active radiation, which was supported by the induction of their synthesis after exposure to UV radiation in several ecophysiological studies. However, the range of applied stress factors and their effect on changes in phenol levels is limited. In this diploma thesis, the genus Spirogyra, for which the chemical structure of a number of specific phenolic substances is known, was exposed to selected stress factors and their influence on cell morphology, maximum quantum yield Fv/Fm and quantity of phenolic substances was monitored. A significant increase was observed after application of UV-B radiation, higher level of PAR, low temperature and osmotic stress, while at high temperature this effect was not evident. Increased production upon UV-B exposure further underlines the importance of phenolic...
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Encapsulation of active substances into nanofibers and possibilities of their application
Procházková, Lucie ; Pernicová, Iva (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
The master thesis was based on the optimization of the production of nanofiber covers and to gaine the product for subsequent functional use. The production of nanofiber covers was made by electrospinning and forcespinning from selected materials. Polyhydroxybutyrate, gelatin, chitosan and alginate were used as starting materials. After successful optimization, these materials were enriched with active ingredients ampicillin and ibuprofen for the functionalized use of covers for more effective wound healing. The theoretical part was focused on the issue of skin, healing processes, types of wounds and nanofibers, the characterization of selected starting materials for the formation of nanofibers was also mentioned. The practical part was based on the lengthy optimization of the preparation of fiber covers and later enriched with active ingredients. Furthermore, combined covers made of different materials with contents of both active ingredients were designed. This was followed by the characterization of all prepared covers from the point of view of stability in the short and long term. The gradual release of active ingredients was determined spectrophotometrically and by hifh performance liquid chromatography. It was also important to determine the antimicrobial activity of selected active substances. At the end of all testing, combined coatings containing both active ingredients were used for safety testing with human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). Safety testing was based on determining the viability of human cells using the MTT test, to verify the LDH test. A scratch test was also performed, a wound healing test after the application of devised combined covers.
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Diagnostics of students' difficulties in CLIL
Šteflíčková, Alena ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Procházková, Lenka (referee)
Title: The diagnostics of students' difficulties in CLIL Author: Ing. Alena Šteflíčková Department: Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Education Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Jarmila Novotná, CSc. Abstract: The topic of this diploma thesis is the diagnostics of students' difficulties in CLIL. The aim of my thesis was to create and analyze the test, which would integrate both a language (English) and a non-linguistic subject (Mathematics). There are six parts of my thesis. The first one deals with basic facts about CLIL, the second one is aimed at assessment and assessment at schools, the third one deals with tests and their creation. An assessment of CLIL students is the topic of the fourth part. Other two parts contain three tests, analysis of one of the tests and analysis of pupils' solutions of this test. Keywords: CLIL, integrated learning, assessment, diagnostics, testing, tests
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