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Issues in Literary Hermeneutics
Válková, Natalia ; Pokorný, Martin (advisor) ; Hrdlička, Josef (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to explore the possibility of systematization of the literary hermeneutics as a method of interpretation. Three selective studies focused on the hermeneutic the- ory (namely problem of the language, understanding and textuality) should provide a theoretical and philosophical framework for the interpretative part of this thesis, which is focused on interpretation of a literary text, namely Joseph Brodsky's poem Isaac and Abraham. The thesis also explores con- cept of the literary hermeneutics, which stands between phenomenological-ontological hermeneu- tics and methodological-normanative orientated theory of interpretation. Despite the explicit tension between these two attitudes, there is also a space within the literary hermeneutics for their inspira- tional dialog.
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Story and its "what" and "about what"
Špína, Michal ; Bílek, Petr (advisor) ; Pokorný, Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with the question of interpretation of narrative works of fiction in regard to what the text refers to (what is usually termed reference). On the work of three differently focused authors (Frege, Ortega y Gasset, Shklovsky) it studies reference pushed aside as a thing unimportant or even impossible in art. Structuralism, developing mainly in France after 1960, supplants these questions with exploring the literalness of literary works and their inner relations, allowing narratology to arise. Subsequently, Paul Ricoeur aims for the synthesis of structuralism and hermeneutics. Approaching literary work as discourse, he distinguishes the "what" and "what about" of works, following Frege's distinction between sense and reference (meaning), while reference of a work is not descriptive. In Time and Narrative he uses the term refiguration instead of reference and emphasizes the temporal aspect of literary work and its reception. The thesis is closed with a brief interpretation of Budapest, a novel by Chico Buarque (2003).
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Integration of Migrants into the Czech Society
Pokorný, Martin ; Havlík, Radomír (advisor) ; Kubišová, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of my diploma work is to study the subject of integration of foreigners into the Czech society. For that purpose I intend to use research questionnaires and to compare my results with results of other researches conducted by NGOs. Secondary aim is to map legal status of foreigners in the Czech Republic, historical reasons for migration and its development, and the composition of migrating population in Europe. Furthermore, I will focus on access to health and social insurance and to the health care system as well as on education and work opportunities which foreigners have in the Czech Republic.
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Nowhere and Somewhere: Utopia, Dystopia and Their Relative Location
Pomahač, Ondřej ; Pokorný, Martin (advisor) ; Hrdlička, Josef (referee)
The work criticizes the dichotomy utopia - dystopia, especially the way the two are being defined as genres in some theoretical reflections representing that represent the main approaches to the theoretical concept of utopia and dystopia. The work also analyses sample literary texts traditionally labelled as utopias or dystopias. In the first part we review some definitions and present their shortcomings. Consequently, we reject the attempts to make general definitions as they fail to become reasonable basis for literary research. The texts being accounted for are the classical utopias and dystopias: Thomas More's Utopia, Tommaso Campanella's The City of the Sun, Francis Bacon's New Atlantis, Yevgeny Zamyatin's We, Aldous Huxley's Brave New World and George Orwell's 1984. The second part offers a comparative approach to the text analysis based on textual relationships and the assemblage of text (the rules for building the text structure). Apparently, such analysis spares the need to make general definitions of the terms and to look for the nature of utopia and dystopia.
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Intermediality in Modern Literature
Michlová, Lucie ; Pokorný, Martin (advisor) ; Bílek, Petr (referee)
The thesis outlines one type of intermediality in literature, musical composition transformed into the structure of the modern novel. The theme is based on the philosophical and aesthetic ideas of the sovereign status of music within the other arts. The relationship between literature and music is described on the basis of this specific status. In the sphere of these various relations, attention is paid to the connection between musical composition and the composition of a novel (the manifestation of musical composition in a novel is named here as the musicality of literature). In the central part of the thesis there are demonstrated the possibilities of application of musical compositional devices in a novel through an analysis of three works (The Counterfeiters by André Gide, Point Counter Point by Aldous Huxley and Tonio Kröger by Thomas Mann). These musical compositional devices are: multiple melodic lines, musical cyclical forms and a leitmotif.
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Laser spectroscopy of semiconductor quantum dots
Pokorný, Martin ; Trojánek, František (advisor) ; Kuldová, Karla (referee)
This work is focused on examining photoluminescent properties of InAs quantum dots (QDs) on GaAs substrate covered by GaAs1-xSbx strain reducing capping layer (SRL) prepared by Stranski-Krastanow method. We measured luminescence decay time of two samples with different concentration of Sb in this layer. We investigated the influence of temperature, intensity and wavelength of the excitation pulse on the luminescent decay time. We also compared the properties of the samples after excitation by 760 nm pulse and 850 nm pulse - the former one is energetically above the substrate band gap; in the second case we excited only the QDs and the wetting layer (WL). We consequently derived recombination and relaxation processes occurring inside InAs QDs and also the transport of charge carriers from the substrate and the WL into QDs. One part of this diploma thesis was to learn about the methods of measuring ultrafast photoluminescence and build the experimental set-up.
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Three stories between East and West: "Virtuous young man", "Divine lover", "Sacrifice of a child"
Špicová, Zuzana ; Vojvodík, Josef (advisor) ; Pokorný, Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with the realization of three narratives -"Virtuous Young Man", "Divine Lover", and "Sacrifice of a Child"- in diverse literatures of East and West. Basic form, characters/(arche)types, and motifs and their possible variations depending on cultural, literary, and religious/mythological setting are presented for each plot. Using historical and comparative poetics, each plot is analysed from the first extant adaptations in European and non-European literatures to the modern ones. The thesis puts an emphasis on specification and configuration of particular motifs, variations depending on the religious-mythological context, and tension between the same and different, general pattern and specific realization, type and character.
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The expressiveness of experience: a structural and phenomenological account of the Russian formalists' "aesthetic of estrangement"
Flack, Patrick ; Vojvodík, Josef (advisor) ; Kubíček, Tomáš (referee) ; Pokorný, Martin (referee)
In their seminal studies in literary theory and poetics, the Russian formalists (Šklovskij, Tynjanov, Jakobson, etc.) famously claim that aesthetic experience amounts to a self-valuable, concrete act of perception functionally induced and conditioned by the formal structure of a work of art or literature. This aesthetic principle, christened by Šklovskij as "estrangement" (ostranenie), played an instrumental role in the formalists' contribution to the establishment and development of literary theory as an autonomous scientific discipline. It has also regularly inspired other thinkers and provided the impetus for productive new insights on art or literature, a fact that seems to underline its acuity and relevance. At the same time however, the formalists' "strange" account of art and literature has been routinely disparaged for being altogether inadequate, philosophically flimsy and descriptively too narrow. Critics have pointed out that the formalists' assertions on the topic of perception rest but on a set of ad hoc psychological hypotheses and are overly determined by their specific scientific aims and modernist prejudices. Worse, the principle of estrangement has been credibly attacked for being semiotically naïve and for stripping art and literature of any "content" or meaning, to say nothing...
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The illusive world. Dreaming and seeming in selected modern texts
Izdná, Petra ; Pokorný, Martin (advisor) ; Vojvodík, Josef (referee)
The thesis aims at the interpretation of the several Early Modern literature masterpieces through the theme of the illusive world. The literary comparison of such diverse works as William Shakespeares romances, Calderóns play and allegorical novels of Comenius or Baltasar Gracián unveils some common features. The analysis of numerous motives of dreaming and deception and of the traditional topoi "life is a dream" and "the world is a theatre" illustrates the feelings of delusion and insecurity as well as a spiritual desire for the transcendence at the Baroque period.
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Transformations of the US Foreign Policy
Pokorný, Martin ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Jireš, Jan (referee)
Transformation of the US Foreign Policy Diploma thesis "Transformation of the US Foreign Policy" consists changes and tranformations in the US foreign policy connected with alternations of president's administratives. Especially with the alternation in 2001, when Goerge W. Bush supplied Bill Clinton and than with 2009 when Barack Obama became president of the USA. My essential resource were special books about US foreign policy. Thereafter books from the field of theory of international relations and finally I used internet resources as special articles or manifests records. Diploma thesis is focused on foreign and security policy. Arise and progress of the USA shaped American identity. Hypothesis of work is connected with issue that even conducts and acts of administratives could be different, policy always following this American self-identity.
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