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Religiostiy after Religion. Contemporary Reinterpretations of Christianity
Chudý, Tomáš ; Halík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hošek, Pavel (referee) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with contemporary possibilities of reinterpretation of religion in the Western society after what some authors call its "end". Along this line, it examines the concepts of religion and religiosity as two categories that point to the explicit and implicit presence of religious meanings in the discourse. The thesis is divided into four main sections: discourse theory, social recontextualisation, metaphors and symbols, and disturbing margins of symbolic discourse. First, an outline of discourse theory with regard to religious experience tackles the "us-them" mindset and thus highlights the issue of credibility with a concluding example of "anamnetical" discourse concept by Johann Baptist Metz. Next, as a social phenomenon, religion is prone to social recontextualisation. Two distinct are presented at large: in the first place, Taylor's of post-durkheimian set-up where varieties of religious experience follow an orbital-like model with different valences to the core. On the other hand, the dispersion hypothesis elaborates on some implicit quasi-religious features of the modern world phenomena which are to be taken into account in drawing the criteria of reinterpretation. They can be perceived as basic guidelines for what should not be understood as belief in God in the judeo-christian...
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Sound
Foltinová, Daniela ; Thein, Karel (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
This diploma thesis is concerned with the philosophical inquiry of sound. The crucial problem of the thesis is the perception of sound and the description of perceived sound. The assumption is that we don't perceive sounds necessarilly as meaningful. A starting point is the analysis of two basic ways of our contact with sound - produced and received sound that are followed by the inquiring of the role of perception of voice as for its corporality; the possibility of hearing the "sound space" and its analysis; and of the way how the body is concerned with the sound perception. On the basis of these analyses that benefit from the philosophical texts and poems analyses in the conclusion of the thesis is being shown that sound is a special entity of reality since we perceive it simultaneously as a concrete and capturable (through word and corporality) and non-concrete, as for neither word meaning nor bodily contact can provide us with the adequate - "sound-based" description of the sound perceived.
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Political and Rabindranath Tagore
Wolf, Jakub ; Hrubec, Marek (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with actuality of the texts by Rabindranath Tagore in relation to the concept of the political as presented by Michel Foucault. It identifies formative rules of the discourse presented by the referred texts and at the same time it reveals relation of Foucault's Archaeology of Knowledge to the immaterial and it presents the possibilities of ethics in relation to this concept due to correlation of the Archaeology of Knowledge and Tagore's concept of the ethics of withdrawal. The thesis' basic instrument is identification of the centripetal and centrifugal forces and actualization of their relations as fundamental rules of the formation of Tagore's text by means of constituting system formations connotated by its discoursive formations. Keywords: Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Art in Patočka's philosophy from 1930 to 1950
Jankovec, Boris ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Ševčík, Miloš (referee)
This work is an attempt of interpretation of philosophical views on art of Czech philosopher Jan Patočka, as outlined in its raw form in philosophical writings so called strahovská heritage. Strahovská heritage is a collection of so far unpublished philosophical writings, written approximately in the period of 1939 to 1945. These have never been submitted for publication. Philosopher Jan Patočka - in Czech as well as abroad is generally known mainly as a thinker developing thoughts of his famous teachers Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger - in the framework of heritage only refers to dilemma of art in a secondary way. Despite this, some referrals to art, which can be found within the framework of this heritage, contain a great potential for further interpretation. Interpretation of these Patočka references to art are required to be put into the wider context of Patočka's thinking and especially adds to understanding of evolution of Patočka's philosophy of art. Patočka's philosophy of art was only fully extended in his later works, namely 1960's of XX. century.
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Secondary metabolism and its regulation in Streptomyces ambofaciens: the study of cryptic secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters
Nezbedová, Šárka ; Weiser, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee) ; Mazodier, Philippe (referee)
I. ABSTRACT in English The presented work is focused on secondary metabolism and its regulation in Streptomyces ambofaciens and Streptomyces lividans with special interest in new biosynthetic pathways. The sequencing of bacterial and fungal genomes revealed that the number of their secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters greatly exceeds the number of produced secondary metabolites. Further studies showed that at least some of the newly discovered clusters, called cryptic since no product had been associated to them, were expressed in certain conditions and that they directed the biosynthesis of exploitable secondary metabolites (Gottelt et al., 2010; Gross et al., 2007; Pang et al., 2004). Therefore, these cryptic clusters have been considered as one of the promising reservoirs of new bioactive molecules. Using different approaches I studied the cryptic secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters of Streptomyces ambofaciens, a strain exploited industrially for the production of the antibiotic spiramycin. In the second part of this work, I was interested in the regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis and in manipulating regulatory proteins in order to activate the expression of cryptic clusters. The third part of this work studied the effect of the inactivation of the ppk gene, encoding...
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In front of an object. The question of distance and aura in thought of Georges Didi-Huberman
Váša, Ondřej ; Fulka, Josef (referee) ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor)
The essay concebtrates around the thinking of french philosopher Georges Didi-Huberman and his reception of Walter Benjamin's term aura, which is strongly connected to the critique of classical art history and re-thinking colour and material as stain, it's symptomal nature and not only compositional, but also de-compositional features. One of the centres of this essay is interpretation of Titian's painting Apollo and Marsyas, painting, which sophisticatedly problematizes viewing the painting as pure illusion or manifestation of ideas in matter. The second milestone are works of american minimalism, which are places of radiating aura, but aura in stae of her own decay. We tried to show, that if the original meaning of aura was connected to cultic works of art and their presented inaccessibility, in case of american minimalists it is surviving as a experience of turn-arounded vertigo.
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Things and voidness (a philosophical inquiry on the selected themes of the Zhuangzi)
Machek, David ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee) ; Lomová, Olga (advisor)
The core of the paper is a philosophical and philological analys i s of four shorter passages from the old chinese philosophical text Zhuangzi. Considering traditional Chinese commentaries ( especially Guo Xiang) and inspired by modem continental philosophy ( especially Ricoeur and Heidegger), the author seeks to interconnect some of the crucial philosophical themes (losing and forgetting of I, change, freedom, dream, usefulness/uselessness) and build a framework for an overall philosophical interpretation, which would challenge the wide-spread but one-sided view claiming Zhuangzi to be a relativist and irationalist. Drawing on reflections that will find a key to the text in a Zhuangzi 's call for mutual incorporation of the voluntary with the involuntary and the reflective with the spontaneous the author is trying to grasp the relation of things and voidness as the underlying principle or reality. Much like the whole text of Zhuangzi this relation is also intrinsically ambiguous. Voidness tums out to be nothing but an expanded thingness, things, however, cannot be expanded unless they cease to be things. This conflict is incorporated in an sage, whose wisdom and legitimacy as a ruler over things is determined by the ability to accept this conflict and to reconciliate with himself.
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Language as ethics according to Levinas
Bierhanzl, Jan ; Kouba, Petr (referee) ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor)
For Emmanuel Lévinas, language is a pure communication with exteriority, which precedes language as a system of differences and references. The paper here presented attempts to interpretate this primacy of pure communication as a prerequisite of such a theory of "signifying" which would be an alternative against the common structural approach to language as an apersonal system. The correlation between "signifying" and ethics, as would also be possible to describe the essence of language according to Levinas, furthermore implicates certain scepticism against a purely theoretical speech, which leads the author to a conception of philosophy as the wisdom of love. The final section of this paper brings a selection of texts from the work of Yves Aulas, a philosopher with mental disease, who remarkably exemplifies Levinasian method of ethical reduction of theory.
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Two perspectives of language in Nietzsche's early thinking
Roreitner, Robert ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee) ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor)
This article presents the early Nietzsche's work from 1856-73, which is placed here into context of its plentiful reception in the eighties and nineties and from which it offers czech translations of some important texts. The first chapter shows how in the connection with autobiographical notes from 1856-65 the theme of language enters into Nietzsche's thinking, namely as a milieu able to let some moments of past endure. In the second chapter it is in particular in confrontation with Schopenhauer, but also on the background of Langes and Hartmanns works, demonstrated how the concept of music articulates itself in Nietzsche's notes from 1869-71. It becomes clear that Nietzsche's music, which unhides the process of becoming, the mode of succession (Aufeinander), through which everything passes without regard on its quality and which is specified in oposition to language displaying everything in the mode of coexistence (Nebeneinander), thus as ideas, representations, symbols, that this music represents together with its counterpart in language a pair of concepts much more general than are the usual concepts of language and music. Language and music are two respects of symbolic system, into which we have always already entered. In the third chapter breakdown of Nietzsche's conception of culture is firstly...
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