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The impact of apraxia on the performance of everyday activities in patients after brain damage - options of objective assessments
Krejčová, Veronika ; Nováková, Olga (advisor) ; Krivošíková, Mária (referee)
Bachelor's dissertation Abstract: The focus of this Bachelor's dissertation is on the options of objective assessments of apraxia. With the objektive assessments can we determine the impal of apraxia. The main focus of this dissertation is find options of objective assessments of apraxia. This dissertation includes theoretical and practical section. The theoretical section focuses on the basic information about brain damage. Further chapters of the theoretical section describe the apraxia, its definition and classification. There are also described specific tests for apraxia. The practical section is based on the detailed description of one of the tests - Naturalistic action test. Key words: Brain damage, ideational apraxia, ideomotor apraxia, measuring apraxia, standardized testing methods of apraxia, naturalistic action test
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Occupational therapy in pediatric rheumatology
Therová, Michaela ; Nováková, Olga (advisor) ; Krivošíková, Mária (referee)
The application of occupational therapy has been explored in pediatric rheumatology, with an emphasis to leisure activities and activities of daily living in junior school children with arthritis. The thesis consists of two parts - a theoretical and a practical section. The theoretical section offers a brief description of occupational therapy and juvenile idiopathic arthritis with a specific attention given to polyarthritis. In addition, this section describes occupational therapy for children with arthritis plus various examinations being used by occupational therapists in these children. (CHAQ (The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire), JAHODA (Juvenile Arthritis Multidimensional Assessment Report), grip ability examination and goniometry). The practical section includes six case reports of pediatric patients with arthritis, with a detailed description of leisure activities and activities of daily living. Examination outcomes of children with arthritis have been compared to a control population of five healthy children. The thesis objective is to explore how children with arthritis spend their leisure time, what daily activities and games are difficult to complete because of their condition and what activities are easy to complete. Based on data collected, a brochure for parents and...
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Use of Kinesiotaping in therapy of upper limb from the occupational therapist perspective in pediatrics Focus on patients with a diagnosis of brachial plexus palsy, hemiparesis and triparesis
Bačová, Eliška ; Nováková, Olga (advisor) ; Krivošíková, Mária (referee)
This thesis is focused on the possibilities of using kinesiotaping in occupational therapy. The goal of this thesis is to create a manual of Kinesiotaping in therapy of upper limb in pediatrics and its following clinic application for the patients with intended diagnosis. Application of the methods was provided in three different diagnoses. These were brachial plexus palsy, hemiparesis and triparesis. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes the methods of kinesiotaping and it refers to the problems of the individual diagnoses. The practical part uses the qualitative research where three case reports are processed. The case reports contain detailed history, progress of the therapy and the therapy's evaluation. In the thesis kinesiotaping is used individually despite the fact that these methods are just supplementary to the therapy. Key words: Kinesiotaping Brachial Plexus Palsy Hemiparesis Triparesis Child Development
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Role of oxidative stress in cardioprotection induced by exercise.
Kyclerová, Eva ; Nováková, Olga (advisor) ; Kašparová, Dita (referee)
Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death in developed countries. It is known that heart muscle can activates endogenous protective pathways in response to stress, thereby increasing resistance against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Protective pathways involve many signaling molecules and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role among them. ROS are applied in cardioprotection induced by various stimuli, such as chronic hypoxia, preconditioning and also physical exercise. It has been demonstrated that regular physical exercise naturally leads to the positive adaptation to protect heart against injury. The balance between production of ROS and their removal by antioxidant protection system is important for the right functioning of the heart. The overproduction of ROS occurs in pathological conditions such as an I/R leading to oxidative stress contributing to subsequent damage of heart. ROS may contribute not only to the injury but in the mild concentrations, resulting for example from physical exercise, ROS are important signaling molecules involved in series of events leading to cardioprotection. Slightly increased oxidative stress protects the heart by increasing the capacity of antioxidant system, stimulates angiogenesis, activates mitochondrial biogenesis and physiological...
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Occupational therapy approaches in patients with chronic pain focusing on fibromyalgia
Havelková, Anna ; Nováková, Olga (advisor) ; Sládková, Petra (referee)
Name of thesis: Occupational therapy approaches in patietns with chronic pain focusing on fibromyalgia Aim: The aim of my thesis is to find out whether occupational therapy has something to offer patients with fibormyalgia, as well as the determination of the individual problem areas of these patients, in particular from the perspective of occupational therapy and designing specific therapy approaches. Method: In the theoretical part I focus on the summary of the information from the available literature on pain in general and also on the latest findings in the field of diagnosis and treatment of fibromyalgia. In the practical part I focus on three patients suffering from fibromyalgia. The necessary information to determine the individual problem areas I gained by using the methods of qualitative research, using structured interview and therapeutic examination. Results: Based on studying of literature and the implementation of my exploratory investigation I came to the conclusion that Occupational therapy in these patients is very essential part of the healing process. Key words: Pain, chronic pain, fibromyalgia, occupational therapy approaches
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Myocardial cell signaling in spontaneously hypertensive rats with transgenic and congenic expression of CD36
Klevstigová, Martina ; Nováková, Olga (advisor) ; Kalous, Martin (referee) ; Zicha, Josef (referee)
Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) are the primary energy source in the myocardium and an imbalance in the LCFA and glucose utilization could cause cardiovascular diseases. More than 50% of LCFA uptake by the heart is mediated by the fatty acid translocase CD36 and disruption of its function has been shown to impair cardiovascular functions. The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) harbors a deletion variant of the Cd36 gene that results in reduced LCFA transport into myocytes. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis was to investigate the importance of a functional CD36 to sustain normal physiological functions of the heart. We used SHR and two genetic modified SHR strains, the congenic SHR-4 and the transgenic SHR-Cd36, with fully functional CD36. They differ in the CD36 expression and in the manner how they were derived from the SHR. CD36 has been proven to play a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Therefore we analyzed the effect of a functional CD36 on insulin resistance and protein kinase C (PKC) expression, which is known to be involved in the mechanism of insulin resistance, in the heart of SHR-4 and SHR. We showed that the SHR-4 had lower serum free fatty acids (FFA) and triacylglycerols (TAG) concentrations, indicating improved insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, SHR-4 had increased...
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The role of lactate shuttle in ischemic-reperfusion injury of rat heart adapted to chronic hypoxia
Kolář, David ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Nováková, Olga (referee)
Adaptation to hypoxia is a well-known phenomenon increasing myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury as an appropriate physical exercise which improves the contractile function of the heart. Lactate is a major energy substrate for the heart muscle during physical activity and hypoxia. The metabolism of lactate was and still is associated with muscle fatigue, but in the last decades it has been considered its significant modulating function of metabolism during exercise at cellular level and whole organism level. It has been shown that its effects might be similar to the effects of hypoxia and its oxidized form, pyruvate, has the cardioprotective effects. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of LDHA and LDHB isoforms between left and right ventricle in the cardioprotective scheme of adaptation to hypoxia. Another objective/goal was to determine the left ventricular response to I/R insult in the perfused heart model adapted to hypoxia compared with the normoxic controls on/at the expression level of both LDH isoforms. Our results showed differences in the LDHA expression in the left and right ventricle and an increased response of the left ventricle to I/R insult in rats adapted to hypoxia which is reflected at the expression level of both isoforms. Key words: heart,...
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The Applications of Constraint-Induced Movement Elements in Therapy in Patients after Brain Injury
Šulcová, Alice ; Nováková, Olga (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
Name and surname: Alice Šulcová Supervisor: Bc. Olga Nováková, M.Sc. Opponent: ……………………………. Thesis title: The Applications of Constraint-Induced Movement Elements in Therapy in Patients after Brain Injury Abstract: Stroke is a disease with prevalence of 150 to 200 persons per 100 000 in the Czech Republic. It is the third leading cause of death after heart diseases and various types of cancer. Mortality in the Czech Republic is four times higher than in the USA and 40 % of patients die within one year after the event. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIT) is often described as a method for improving soft skills and gross motor skills, range of motion, self-care activities in ADL with upper or lower affected extremity. This work verifies the conclusions of the various foreign publications in our conditions on two patients after stroke. Self-care activities in ADL was chosen as a marker of improvement in patients receiving CIT. Therapeutic plan of interventions was divided into three periods - 10 one hour intervention for 14 days, 3 months of individual therapy in home conditions, and 10 one hour intervention for 14 days, again. Evaluation of improvement in self-care activities in ADL was conducted by involved observation and studying of the taken video sequences. Input and output tests were...
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Energetický metabolismus inbredních myších linií a jeho ovlivnění dietou
Kůs, Vladimír ; Kopecký, Jan (advisor) ; Nováková, Olga (referee) ; Mráček, Tomáš (referee)
Obesity and associated metabolic disorders, called as "metabolic syndrome", currently represent a major social and economical problem of public health. From the energy balance point of view, long-lasting energy surplus leads eventually to massive accumulation of energy stores resulting in various adverse effects on metabolism and health. General goal of the thesis was to examine these metabolic disorders at cellular and whole-body level using suitable mouse models. The main focus was on the most metabolically active tissue, namely skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue and on the regulatory roles of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and leptin in the energy metabolism. The whole thesis is based on four published studies. Two studies were focused on skeletal muscle. In the first study, we proved the involvement of leptin and AMPK in the metabolic response to high-fat diet-feeding. We described a mechanism of muscle non- shivering thermogenesis based on enhanced lipid catabolism, which contributes to the genetically-determined resistance of inbred A/J mice to obesity. Such mechanism was not operating in obesity-prone C57BL/6 mice. In the second study, performed using C57BL/6 mice, we have described beneficial effect of combination treatment using n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) of...
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Mitochondrial subpopulations in rat myocardium - effect of chronic hypoxia
Kovalčíková, Jana ; Nováková, Olga (advisor) ; Žurmanová, Jitka (referee)
Adaptation to chronic hypoxia induces endogenous cardioprotection and increases the heart resistance to ischemia/reperfusion injury. The heart mitochondria, which produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in addition to ATP, play an important role in these processes. During ischemia/reperfusion, ROS are produced in excessive amounts and damage the cells. However, in lower concentrations, ROS are involved in the signalling pathway of cardioprotection induced by adaptation to chronic hypoxia. In the heart, two mitochondrial subpopulations have been observed, subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) and intermyofibrillar mitochondria (IMFM), which differ in cell localization as well as in morphological and biochemical properties. The aim of this work was to introduce the method of SSM and IMFM isolation in our laboratory and to analyse their antioxidative capacity after adaptation to chronic hypoxia. Adult male Wistar rats were kept either under normoxic conditions or exposed to intermittent high-altitude hypoxia (IHA; 7000 m, 5 days a week/8 hours a day, totally 25 exposures). Mitochondrial subpopulations were isolated from heart left ventricle and their functionality was verified by measuring oxygen consumption and enzyme activities. The IMFM had higher oxygen consumption in comparison with SSM and activities...
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