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Steatosis of liver and mitochondrial dysfunction
Páleníčková, Eliška ; Balková, Patricie (referee) ; Novák, František (advisor)
Aim: To determine the effect of diet-induced steatosis in the development of mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver and hepatic sensitivity to the partial ischemia. Methods: Male Wistar rats (361 ± 8.8 g) were fed standard (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD). Partial ischemia was induced by short-term clamp (20 min) of vein porta two days before the end of the experiment. Results: Ten-week HFD administration lead due to increased ketogenesis the altered glucose tolerance elevated serum NEFA. We demonstrated the inhibitory effect of HFD on the respiratory capacity of mitochondria in vitro. HFD negatively affected the activity of antioxidant systems and stimulated the formation of lipoperoxides. Partial ischemia had no efect on the mitochondrial oxidative capacity but significantly elevated the oxidative stress. Conclusion: HFD administration lead to the development of fatty liver that was still not accompanied by biochemical markers of liver injury. Nevertheless, we proved the impairment of to mitochondrial respiratory capacity, signs of structural damage of mitochondria and the increased sensitivity to oxidative damage of the liver. Subject words: biochemistry, physiology Keywords: mitochondria, HFD, ischemia, respiratory chain, antioxidant systém, ROS
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Nutrition disordes in the intensive care unit
Pavelková, Eva ; Bartůněk, Petr (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
The graduation theses is oriented on the problems of nutrition disordes in the intensiv care unit. In the theoretical part are contained a basic informations about nutrition disordes. In the practical part is covered the nursing case report of the patient suffering from anorexia nervosa and with the help qualitative research were charted indices to related hospitalization the patients with nutrition disordes in the unit intensive specializations.
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The role of protein kinase C in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and its complications
Marková, Irena ; Novák, František (advisor) ; Zeman, Miroslav (referee) ; Zídková, Jarmila (referee)
18 effects of TZDs are probably due to the remodeling of adipose tissue and increased adiponectin secretion. SUMMARY Studying the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and the role of PKC in insulin resistance In HHTg rats, elevated serum triglycerides and FFA were associated with the ectopic accumulation of triglycerides in tissues and reduced insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues. Impaired glucose utilization in the peripheral tissues was associated with the reduced activity of GS in skeletal muscle. Decreased GS activity and glucose utilization in peripheral tissues indicate a possible defect in insulin signal transduction. In line with this, our results show that skeletal muscle IR was associated with the increased activation and translocation of PKC θ. Nutritionally induced obesity of HHTg rats resulted, in many cases, in the further deterioration of metabolic abnormalities associated with IR. We found that PKC θ, in particular, could contribute to the metabolic abnormalities associated with IR and obesity. The age-related increase in IR and deterioration of some parametres of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, were not associated, in HHTg rats, with obesity but with increased serum levels of triglycerides and FFA. The age-related worsening of IR in HHTg rats was accompanied by increased...
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Malnutrition in the Critical Care
Fučíková, Olga ; Novák, František (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
Graduation theses is focused on malnutrition of patients on ICU and consecutively on their treatment. Generally valid rules of use of the clinical nutrition including ESPEN guidelines are mentioned in theoretical part. Empirical part in detail focuses on energy and protein intake of patients on metabolic ICU as well as on surgical ICU in Hospital Tábor and General Faculty Hospital in Prague. It compares "regional" and faculty hospital and also compares general medicine versus surgery.
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Comprehensive care for a patient with acute necrotizing pancreatitis
Černá, Věra ; Výborný, Josef (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
Master's thesis "Comprehensive care of patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis" is divided into two main parts: theoretical one and a practical one. The theoretical part deals the characteristics of an acute pancreatitis, pancreas history knowledge, aetiology, pathophysiology, classification, clinical picture, diagnosis, therapy and possible complications of acute pancreatitis. In the practical part there are described two cases of the acute necrotizing pancreatitis disease. The first case is solved by the conservative way and the second one by a surgical method.
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