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The Impact of the Aging Population on the Health Care Financing
Schejbal, Radek ; Fiala, Tomáš (advisor) ; Miskolczi, Martina (referee)
The population ageing is a phenomenon that appears sooner or later in any population. In the Czech Republic this process has intensively been going on since the end of the last century and it will continue in this century. My thesis reveals possible impacts of this development on services providing health care. It is estimated that the changing demographic structure of the population in the Czech Republic will significantly affect the revenues and the expenses of health insurance companies. These expenses would not be financially sustainable with this development and the present adjustment of the system. In my thesis I describe the features of the population ageing in the Czech Republic in the recent period following the data of the Czech Statistical Office. I also describe the development of this ageing till the end of the 21st century. Furthermore, I describe health care services, health care availability and I briefly analyze the health condition of the population. The simulation financial development of the health insurance system, on the basis of the open-access data from the ÚZIS (The Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic) and ČSÚ (The Czech Statistical Office), estimates future financial difficulties. Finally, I list possible precautions that might prevent these financial difficulties.
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Age discrimination on Czech labor market
Machová, Monika ; Miskolczi, Martina (advisor) ; Cséfalvaiová, Kornélia (referee)
The aim of this thesis, which describes age discrimination on the labor market in the Czech Republic, is to connect theoretical knowledge of Czech labor market with practice. The first chapter is focused on the discrimination generally. The second chapter describes the current situation in the Czech Republic in relation with the age discrimination. Moreover, there are examples of the discrimination in each age category specified in detail. Further along the thesis gives recommendations how to prevent discrimination from limiting equal job opportunities. The work is processed by the methodology of comparative analysis.
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Analysis of unemployment of young people in the Czech republic
Šleisová, Jaroslava ; Miskolczi, Martina (advisor) ; Antovová, Michaela (referee)
The bachelor thesis is focused on analysis of unemployment of young people in the age up to 29 years in the Czech Republic during 2003--2013. Exactly these people belong to threatened groups on the labour market in recent years. Further, unemployed university graduates were selected from the age group of young ones and were analysed according to their differences based on attained education at the university and time since the graduation, during which they are registered at labour office of the Czech Republic. Unemployment trend was mainly influenced by economic crisis, when substantial increase of unemployment in all age groups was identified and young people aged 20--29 years belong to most threatened age group on the labour market. This could be caused by reluctance of companies to employ workers without experience. Trend of unemployment of graduates worsened after economic crisis. The most of unemployed graduated was in the period till half year after graduation.
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Selected characteristics of the labour market in connection with population ageing
Janáková, Katarína ; Miskolczi, Martina (advisor) ; Fiala, Tomáš (referee)
The bachelor thesis provides analysis and comparison of labour market with focus on population ageing in Central European region (Czech Republic, Austria and Slovak Republic). As well as economic and demographic terminology this thesis analyse development of labour market within the past 15 years (from 2000 to 2014). Taking into account obvious trend of decreasing birth-rate and extending life expectancy the analysis assumed that the aspect of population ageing is present in all three countries. Thus, there will be more and more people in age of 50+ in labour market therefor the last part of this thesis is dedicated to various concepts known as age management that try to solve this situation.
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The Analysis of Economic Dependency Ratio in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic
Čechová, Adriana ; Miskolczi, Martina (advisor) ; Langhamrová, Jana (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to find out how economic dependency ratio develops in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic from 1990 to the present, and to analyze based on results of official projections also anticipated future developments. Using statistical indexes (economic, old-age and young age dependency ratio) it was shown that the rate of ratio in both countries since 1990 gradually increases in the future and should continue this trend. In the Czech Republic seems to be more favorable than the situation in the Slovak Republic, where was, is and will be an enormous rise in the number and proportion of seniors.
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Comparison of mortality in the Czech Republic and in other countries of the European Union
Tětěruková, Šárka ; Fiala, Tomáš (advisor) ; Miskolczi, Martina (referee)
The theme of the bachelor thesis is comparing the mortality in the Czech Republic to other countries in the European Union between 1960 and 2010. In the introductory part fundamental indicators and calculations related to the mortality are described. An important part of the bachelor thesis is focused on the analysis of infant mortality evolution (without distinction of gender) and life expectancy at birth, at the ages of 25 and 65 (with the distinction of each gender). States are divided into 4 observed groups -- "west", "north", "east" and "south". This division of European states was acquired from United Nations (UN), which uses it for statistical purposes. The main source of data for processing the graphs is the Human Mortality Database, missing data is completed from the Eurostat's database. Finally, a prediction of life expectancy at birth is carried out up to the year 2080, based on the projection of population development from Eurostat's database in 2013. The thesis provides comprehensive information about the dissimilarity of mortality in the defined groups of states.
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Determinanty úrovně kojenecké úmrtnosti ve vybraných afrických zemích
Morkusová, Andrea ; Miskolczi, Martina (advisor) ; Pavlík, Petr (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyse which determinants have an impact on infant mortality in West and East Africa for a year 2012 based on correlation and regression analysis. Representative countries Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal for West Africa and Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda for East Africa, were chosen. From the gained results and information, recommendation for possible better future development of infant mortality is concluded as the outcome of the diploma thesis aim. On base of data analysis, one variable, which influences a development of infant mortality, was not identified, but it can be assumed that a complex of variables affects the infant mortality. In this line with final findings, current strategy of development aid is focused primarily on local activities more than just on financial help.
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Planned versus realized fertility - a questionnaire survey of realized fertility of a small sample of women in Czech republic
Klementová, Lenka ; Miskolczi, Martina (advisor) ; Langhamrová, Jitka (referee)
The objective of the thesis is to compare planned and realized fertility of a small sample of Czech women with finished fertility. A questionnaire was used to determine both planned and actual number of children, their gender, birth order and spacing and the age of woman at her first birth and her marital status. The realization of these events was compared and the reasons for failure were identified. A sample of 47 respondents anonymously completed the two-page questionnaire comprising of four parts -- plan, reality, personal characteristics and additional questions. Additional questions were related to contraception, abortions, religion, etc. The survey showed average number of 2.34 child per woman, whereas planned average number was 2.28. Further, on average 53 % of women fulfilled their plans regarding number of children, gender and order, spacing, age at the first birth and age at the first marriage. Finally, the correlation between observed number of children and planned number of children was analysed based on gathered data. The resulting model showed that the planned number of children one corresponds with realized number of children 1.47.
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Comparisson of the level of suicidality in the Czech Republic, Sweden and Spain
Antovová, Michaela ; Langhamrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Miskolczi, Martina (referee)
The thesis examines suicidality in selected countries. The main goal is to compare the level of suicidality in the Czech Republic, Sweden and Spain, and to note down identical and dissmiliar outlines. In the following part, there is compared dependence of suicides on economic indicators (gross national product per person and rate of unemployment). The highest results of gross rate of suicidality are in the Czech Republic, then in Sweden and eventually in Spain. Suicidality of men is much higher than suicidality of women. The specific rate of suicidality increases with growing age. The most used method is hanging and throttling to death. Most of suicides are commited in spring. High indirest dependece of specific rate of suicidality and gross national product per person was ascertained in all above mentioned countries. As to rate of unemployment the lower relation was ascertained only in Sweden.
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Demographic aspects of pension reform
Perdochova, Silvia ; Miskolczi, Martina (advisor) ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (referee)
The main objective of this work is to point out the issue of an aging population, which the Czech Republic will face in the coming years and will have a particularly negative impact on the pension system of the Czech Republic. According to the forecast, prepared by the Czech Statistical Office,i tis assumed that the proportion of people over 65 years should grow to 32% of the total population. Large pension reform, which will be effective from 1.1.2013, introducing the second fond pillar of a pension scheme, is based on voluntary participation, but those who engage in it, can not secede . This step of the Government has more opponents than supporters. The opposition Social Democrats party promises to repeal the second pillar, if they win the election in 2014 and points out that there is no need to create a second pillar, but it is sufficed to just modify the operation of the first and third pillar pension scheme
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