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Relation between Evaluativity and Indefiniteness on the Example of Compound Indefinite Pronouns in Czech
Rybová, Martina ; Martínek, František (advisor) ; Berger, Tilman (referee) ; Šimík, Radek (referee)
1 Abstract (English) The thesis deals with the relation between the complex semantic concepts of evaluativity and indefiniteness. The core of the thesis is a corpus-based case study of indefinite pronouns in Czech. Whether or not the indefinite pronouns serve except as indefinite markers also as markers of evaluative meaning, is left aside in the relevant literature. The present studies are only restricted to a few notices about this possible relation. The discovering of such relation follows an assertion of many evaluativity researchers that the expressions with such a function can accumulate in a clause or in a context. As a result, a new methodological approach, so-called lexicography-driven collocation analysis, is proposed here. This approach is based on the comparison between the definition of meaning, which is offered by a monolingual dictionary, and between meaning which a collocate obtains in contact with an in- definite pronoun. With respect to both the collocate is marked with a value from the evaluativity scale. These values enable a comparison, both regarding the evaluative or neutral meaning of the item and regarding the polarity of the evaluative meaning (positive vs. negative). The assignment of these values is subject to criteria defined in advance. In addition, morphosyntactic construc-...
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Verbs vzít a brát in Czech idioms
Vojtíšková, Nicole ; Kováříková, Dominika (advisor) ; Martínek, František (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with Czech idioms containing verbs vzít and brát. The aim of this thesis is to put together list of collocation lemmas containing verb vzít or brát and to investigate how the distrubution of 40 chosen idioms differs in three text groups (fiction, journalism and non-fiction literature) and how differs the use of vzít and brát regarding these idioms. The data for the research were extracted from the SYN_v11 corpus od written Czech or if need be from the representative subcorpus SYN_v11: SYN2020 + SYN2015. The search revealed in total 395 collocation lemmas with verb vzít and 321 collocation lemmas with verb brát. The analysis shows that the most common type of idioms containing verbs vzít and brát is collocation verbal idiom. The most of idioms are used in fiction (regarding absolute frequency and number of collocation lemmas), on the contrary the least of them is used in non-fiction literature. The verb brát usually fills in the missing present forms of the verb vzít. Only one variant of the verb is possible primarily in the case of idioms having inflectional or very restricted verbal component.
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Neosemantisms in the portal Czech 2.0 and their use in contemporary comunication
Trojanová, Markéta ; Bozděchová, Ivana (advisor) ; Martínek, František (referee)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the excerpt, description and analysis of neosemantisms in the portal Czech 2.0. Firstly, the theoretical part focuses on the interpretation of key concepts, summary of existing knowledge and identification of theoretical background. A sample of expressions is then selected using several criteria and analyzed in the practical part. The second part is devoted to one-word expressions, but one of the chapters also deals with collocations. The aim of the thesis is to classify the extracted neosemantisms according to the individual word types, as well as according to the number of new meanings, methods of neosemantization and types of figurative (transferred) meaning, stylistic shifts, expressiveness/neutrality of nominalization, and communication area of use. The functionality of expressions is assessed in the texts of the web corpora ONLINE2_ARCHIVE, ONLINE2_NOW of the Czech National Corpus and also with the help of a quantitative survey. The thesis includes a closer introduction to the form of the headword in the portal, a small dictionary and a spreadsheet from Microsoft Excel that characterizes the neosemantisms in more detail. Finally, the thesis presents difficulties with analysis and comparison to neosemantisms in dictionaries of neologisms.
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Toponymy of the City of Jičín
Nováková, Dominika ; Štěpán, Pavel (advisor) ; Martínek, František (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the toponymy of the town of Jičín and aims to take note of the currently used toponyms and to expand the number of anoikonyms compared to the state found in the 1970s. The material of currently used toponyms was obtained by field research and is comprised of both minor place names and place names, mainly focusing on the so-called living names of residential and non-residential objects. The collected data are compared with inventories from the 1970s and an inventory from the 1940s acquired from the local archive. A new inventory was subsequently created from the toponyms in use, which was supplemented with the basic characteristic data of the individual objects. At the same time, the gathered names are analyzed using a semantic classification of V. Šmilauer and also a structural classification of M. Majtán in the practical part. The findings of the field research and the application of the above-mentioned classifications are presented in the conclusion. Keywords: onomastics, toponym, field research, semantic classification, structural classification of toponyms
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The editoral changes in selected fairy tales of Beneš Method Kulda
Mitrengová, Barbara ; Adam, Robert (advisor) ; Martínek, František (referee)
The Editorial Changes in Selected Fairytales by Beneš Method Kulda Radhošti in Radhošť Čertův mlýn The Devil's Mill Kulda's original collection named Moravské národní pohádky, pověsti, obyčeje a pověry bachelor's thesis aims to comment on language changes in detail on the basis of relevant Pravidla českého pravopisu Sirotek v Radhošti, František Kárník made such radical changes in his František Bačkovský in his edition from 1892. The 1963 edition by Oldřich Sirová
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Prose adaptations of J. K. Tyl's dramas by V. Kovářík
Sedláčková, Barbora ; Martínek, František (advisor) ; Andrlová Fidlerová, Alena (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with prose adaptations of Josef Kajetán Tyl's dramas Jiříkovo vidění a jiné příběhy (publisher Albatros, 1973 and 1978) by Vladimír Kovářík which are intended for children. It compares the short-story adaptation of the play Strakonický dudák and the original play edited by A. Jedlička (In: Dramatické báchorky, publisher SNKLHU, 1953). The thesis analyzes certain types of changes between the text of drama and prose that the adapter made in order to adapt the storyline to the form of a short story: more detailed descriptions, less dialogization, reduction of the number of utterances and slight changes in the order of the different parts of the story. The thesis also focuses on the linguistic changes that were made in order to update the text and make it more accessible for a new reader model - children, i.e. changes in vocabulary (simplification of formulations), word order and morphological changes. 1
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Contemporary Czech Neologisms from the Field of Gastronomy
Jauernigová, Karolína ; Martínek, František (advisor) ; Nzimba, Sylva (referee)
This bachelor thesis describes new substantive neologism from the field of gastronomy in Czech language. The thesis is materially based on the database Neomat and the databases of the Czech National Corpus. The first part of the thesis summarises and evaluates the findings from relevant scientific literature. It is concerned with defining the term neologism, the ways of its genesis and the loanword adaptations. The second part of this thesis includes the classification of neologism according to word formation types and it lists their semantics in an alphabetical dictionary. The thesis results are summarized in the conlusion. The appendix of the thesis includes tables with neological lexical units, frequency of their occurance and source references. Key words: innovations in lexicon, neologism, word formation, loan word, word-formation type, substantive, gastronomy
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The influence of editorial processing on understanding the text of K. J. Erben's fairy tales by elementary school pupils
Vrábelová, Veronika ; Adam, Robert (advisor) ; Martínek, František (referee)
Bachelor thesis The influence of editorial processing on understanding the text of K. J. Erben's fairy tales by elementary school pupils aims to evaluate the suitability of current editorial changes in selected fairy tales by K. J. Erben. In the theoretical part of the bachelor thesis the previously standard principles for editorial adaptations of the text are presented, special attention is paid to editorial adaptations of literature for children, and the fairy tales of K. J. Erben. Subsequently, the two editions (critical and more recent) on which the comprehension test was based are described; this chapter also includes an introduction to the most significant editorial changes that have taken place in the more recent edition of Erben's fairy tales. In the practical part of the bachelor thesis the research methodology and the course of testing are presented; this part includes an annotated overview of the samples that were included in the comprehension test. In the questionnaire survey, the comprehension of selected fairy tales published critically in 1958 and the same fairy tales in the newer, revised edition of 2019 is tested by means of closed and open questions. The research shows that the editorial adaptations of the fairy tales of K. J. Erben's fairy tales can in some cases affect the...
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Semantics and interpretation of the response particles ano 'yes' and ne 'no'
Hrdinková, Kateřina ; Šimík, Radek (advisor) ; Martínek, František (referee)
The diploma thesis focuses on the issue of the Czech ano 'yes' and ne 'no' response particles, especially from a pragmatic and semantic point of view. In the theoretical part, it presents the current state of research on these response particles in Czech and international linguistic tradition and discusses two approaches in more detail: both Manfred Krifka (pragmatic theory based on salience) and Floris Roelofsen & Donka Farkas (semantic theory based on lexical-semantic features) see the response particles as distinctive anaphors of their antecedents. The following practical part tests the predictions of pragmatic and semantic theory created for English in the Czech language context. It is based on the study by Claus et al. (2017) and their response particle research. The main goal of the experiment is to find out the semantics and pragmatics of ano 'yes' and ne 'no' answers in response to negative questions with an initial verb. However, this main experiment is supplemented by two filling experiments: the first examines ano 'yes' and ne 'no' answers to questions with the final verb and the second investigates answers to positive questions. The final part first summarizes observations for the individual experiments. In the general discussion, the results of all three experiments are compared, which...
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Analytical verbo-nominal constructions in Václav Hájek's Czech chronicle (1541)
Martínek, František ; Adam, Robert (advisor) ; Kučera, Karel (referee)
In Chapters 1 and 2, the thesis delimits analytical verbo-nominal constructions (AVNS) based on the relevant literature. AVNS are phrases which consist of a verb with a general meaning, expressing categorical semantic features (e.g. state, change of state, and cause of change of state), and an abstract substantive: dát radu - to give advice, položit otázku - to ask a question, být v nesnázích - to be in a difficult situation. Phrases with a substantive in nominative case (jednání probíhá - the negotiation is proceeding) and with an adverb (dát najevo - to put forth) are also included in the AVNS classification. In Chapter 3, the phrases excerpted from a Middle Czech text of 1541 are classified according to their formal features and some groups of related phrases are also described. In Chapter 4, some models of AVNS-classification are critically evaluated and supplemented according to their semantic features. The excerpted phrases are classified using the following features: the state/action opposition, action phases, causativity, etc. In Chapter 5, the functions of AVNS in text are analyzed (e.g. as indicators that a given text is on a higher stylistic level). Overall, the thesis demonstrates that it is inadequate to consider AVNS as only a progressive feature of modern language. Appendices include lists of...
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