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Deixis and space in Czech sign language
Tučková, Dana ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Richterová, Klára (referee)
This work presents fundamental extra-and intra- language features of deixis (referring to an entity out of the language and to an entity forward or backward in the text) in Czech sign language as well as in Czech language. The work also includes examples from other signed and spoken languages that are taken from relevant bibliography. In particular, more space is devoted to categories of contextual information referred to by deixis such as person, place, and time. Possible ways of how to distinguish deictic expressions from ostensive expressions in signed languages are introduced. In connection with different types of grammatical space in sign languages, route and survey perspectives are mentioned. In the practical part of the work there are described methods and results of the research on the choice of perspective by Czech sign language and Czech language users with regard to a different type of the described enviroment. The findings were, consequently, compared with the results from American sign language and English language. The second research focuses on strategies used by Czech sign language and Czech language users when describing the objects placed in shared space. The results are then compared with the strategies applied by American sign language users. A DVD with examples of Czech sign...
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Simultaneity in the Czech sign language
Motejzíková, Jitka ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Hudáková, Andrea (referee)
V naší práci budeme zkoumat jeden ze základních povahových rysů znakových jazyků: simultánnost. Tato vlastnost je jednou ze základních vlastností, kterou se znakové jazyky liší od jazyků, které mají mluvenou formu!. Při výzkumu budeme vycházet z dostupných zahraničních i domácích studií, které se danou problematikou ve znakových jazycích zabývají. Na základě poznatků získaných v těchto studiích vytvoříme přehledný soupis prostředků, které mají potenciál vyjadřovat významy simultánně, a doložíme je analogickými příklady českého znakového jazyka. Na jeden z těchto prostředků, klasifikátory, se v naší práci zaměříme více. Vzhledem k tomu, že jsme si zvolili velmi obsáhlé a zároveň dosti obecné téma, není možné se jednotlivým prostředkům simultánnosti věnovat hlouběji - pokud máme toto téma postihnout v jeho šíři. Omezujeme se tedy jen na prostý výčet těchto prostředků, které dokládáme vždy jen jedním nebo dvěma příklady. Jsme si vědomi toho, že každý z těchto prostředků by si zasluhoval samostatný výzkum a že naše práce poskytuje jen úvodní vhled do dané problematiky. Proto doufáme, že tato práce poskytne všem případným zájemcům dostatečnou inspiraci a informační zázemí pro další výzkum českého znakového jazyka a dané problematiky.
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Minimal pairs in Czech sign language
Silovská, Zuzana ; Richterová, Klára (advisor) ; Macurová, Alena (referee)
This thesis research focuses on the minimal pairs in the Czech sign language, in which segment a distinctive position may be filled by any parameter character (hand shape, place of articulation, movement, palm orientation, the orientation of the fingers, hands arrangement, and contact). The main part of this work is a one-handed and two-hand analysis of characters in which the hand / hands in the shape of the hand and closed, respectively in the shape of A, A0, A roof, sA and tA. The analyzed material was obtained from the Czech elicitation deaf native Czech sign language, and several excerption Czech sign language dictionaries. The main attention is concentrated on a detailed description of the manual components of signs and indication of possible semantic relationships between the characters figures in minimal pairs. In conclusion, the analytical part is an overview of phonemes found, possible variants of phonemes and frequency representation of character types and shapes of the hand / hands, places of articulation and places of contacts. Key words: phonology, phoneme, allophone, minimal pair, Czech sign language, sign parameter, manual component character
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Place-names in Czech sign language. Signs of main cities in the Czech Republic and European capitals
Hay, Ivana ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Okrouhlíková, Lenka (referee)
The thesis for my Bachelor degree focuses on the use of Czech Sign Language to signify place-names of cities. The aims of this thesis are a) to set up the classification of the urbonyms (city place-names) in Czech Sign Language, b) to question on the motivation of single signs as used by the Deaf habitants of Prague c) to outline the basic knowledge about the generational diversity of the gained material and finaIly, d) to discuss social and cultural aspects of the use of place-names by the local Deaf community. In my thesis, I am also dealing with the urbonyms as featured in the present Czech Sign Language vocabularies. Several sign language dictionaries issued from different countries are also consulted a10ng with those specialising on the sign vocabulary of urbonyms. The research material was obtained by the elicitation method with 19 Deaf respondents living in Prague and the interviews were recorded by the camcorder. The recordings contain the urbonyms of selected main Czech Republic cities a10ng with European capita1 cities. The resultant CD-ROM contains signs of the main Czech Republic cities and European capitals in Czech Sign Language as produced by Czech Deaf people. In addition, the CD-ROM shows examples of the European capita1s as signed by foreign deaf respondents, especia11y from those who are...
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Stereotype of the Hearing Person in the Czech Sign Language
Basovníková, Marie ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Macurová, Alena (referee)
Topic of this thesis is the stereotype of a hearing person from the perspective of cultural and linguistic minority of the Deaf and how it is fixated in Czech Sign Language. The theoretical and methodological basis of the thesis lies in cognitive ethnolinguistic of J. Bartmiński and following its principles includes lexicon (analyses individual signs, collocations and idioms connected to the concept of HEARING) as well as text. On this level, different texts are explored: everyday communication in Czech Sign Language, artistic genres (storytelling, visual vernacular, fairy tales, humor, films) and texts written in Czech by Deaf authors. The stereotype of a hearing person thus reconstructed from these sources reflects various experiences of the cultural minority of the Deaf with hearing persons - both positive and negative (especially communication and behavior specific to hearing persons from the viewpoint of the Deaf).
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Epistemologic limits of selected approaches to language
Beneš, Martin ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Lehečková, Eva (referee)
The aim of this text is to comment and critically evaluate the epistemology of selected approaches to language: namely European structuralism (Saussure, Hjelmslev, Prague School), generative grammar, the linguistics of la parole and text linguistics and cognitive approaches to language. In particular, the aim is to comment epistemological limits of these approaches with regards to the two basic facts. Firstly, with regard to the fact that what these approaches define as their object field is in fact only a partial section of the whole subject field of linguistics (looked upon through the purposes of this work as a specifically structured communication model). Secondly, this text will investigate the relations between these approaches and an important claim of the philosopher of science T. S. Kuhn. Kuhn in his widely known book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions says: "There is, I think, no theory-independent way to reconstruct phrases like ‚really there'." (Kuhn, 1970, p. 206). That means whether claims based on epistemology of particular approaches describe objective reality or only give us a description of their own theoretical constructs.
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Verbs in Czech textbooks for the Deaf
Horáková, Kateřina ; Hudáková, Andrea (advisor) ; Macurová, Alena (referee)
The textbooks for Czech deaf people and textbooks for hearing foreigners is the subject of this thesis. The thesis focuses on the interpretation of verbs in them. The whole issue is framed within the broader framework of methods and procedures used in the education of deaf students. The first part deals with the problems of teaching Czech deaf people from the Czech Republic, especially teaching Czech as a second / foreign language. Attention is paid to methods of teaching foreign languages. The thesis is devoted to verbs in Czech language and Czech sign language, their functional and structural differences. The second part is a compilation of available textbooks of Czech language for deaf students, and textbooks of Czech language for hearing foreigners. It is directed mainly to the interpretation of verbs. The third part offers interviews with teachers from primary schools for the hearing impaired. The interviews are focused on their approach to teaching Czech in general, used textbooks, and the difficulties associated with teaching verbs. The conclusion of the thesis provides a summary of the general features of textbooks of Czech language for the deaf and textbooks of Czech language for hearing foreigners, especially their conception of the interpretation of verbs. Excerpted material is expressly...
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Tense in Czech written texts of the Czech deaf
Richterová, Klára ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (referee)
The thesis deals with the ways tense is expressed in written Czech texts of the Czech deaf. It draws on several foreign studies and, more specifically, the findings of Racková (1996) and Macurová (2003), trying to provide additions and new interpretations resulting from an analysis of both new and old data. The description and analysis of the written texts is primarily focused on possible interference from the Czech sign language with its characteristic lexical signals of tense and its use of time frames. The thesis has two major parts, the first of which is more theoretical, with its focal point on concepts of time and tense, and ways of expressing time both in spoken and sign languages. The second part, representing the core of the thesis, is devoted to an analysis of the text written by the Czech deaf. The findings based on the data have been verified by an additional probe, in which deaf respondents provided translations of several sentences from the Czech sign language into written Czech.
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Negative transfer from the Czech Sign Language into the written Czech of the Czech deaf people
Ziebikerová, Wanda ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Hudáková, Andrea (referee)
This diploma thesis is dealing with interferences of the Czech Sign Language into the written Czech of the Czech deaf people, especially with the features of the creole languages, which, according to some theories, sign languages bear. The major part of this thesis is dealing with one feature of the creole languages, confusion of the verbs "to be" and "to have". All the features of creole languages were searched in written texts produced by Czech students from the 5th year of public schools for hearing-impaired. The aim of this diploma thesis was to find out, if we can find these features and especially the confusion of the verbs "to be" and "to have" in the written czech in the Czech deaf people, and if so, to describe them. Therefore the thesis is structured in this order: First part of the diploma thesis introduces creole languages and their features in general, following part contains an analysis of written texts, in which were these features looked up (except for the confusion of "to be" and "to have"). To the verbs "to be" and "to have" are dedicated following three parts of this thesis. Since there are very few articles and monographs concerned with these verbs and any articles concerned with the theme of confusion of these verbs, the first part contains necessary analysis of the Czech...
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Czech language in deaf children's education
Hudáková, Andrea ; Macurová, Alena (advisor) ; Nebeská, Iva (referee) ; Tarcsiová, Darina (referee)
The text is mapping the role of Czech language and other communication codes in Deaf children's education, prelingually Deaf above all. Essential Deaf people's communication ways, speaking language and sign language acquisition developments and two main education conceptions: monolingual and monocultural vs. bilingual and bicultural (total communication - as a metod as a philosophy - is remembered too) are presented in the first part. The second part is focused on historical and also contemporary education theories and communication methods applied in our schools for the Deaf. They are confronted with literacy tests score and implementation process of the state guaranteed school-leaving exam in the end.
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