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Needs of patients with age related macular degeneration
Houdková, Eliška ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Haluzíková, Jana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the area of specific needs in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to provide an overview of the changed needs of patients with AMD. Methods: To achieve the aim of the thesis, a questionnaire survey was conducted. The target group of the survey were patients undergoing anti-VEGF therapy at an unnamed eye clinic. A total of 70 questionnaires were included in the survey. Results: Based on the statistical evaluation of the data, it was found that AMD significantly affects the lives of respondents in many areas. The majority of respondents identified independence and self-sufficiency as the most affected aspect of their lives. More than half of the respondents (55.71 %) have problems with mobility and everyday activities. AMD also negatively affects the mental health of patients, 70 % of respondents are afraid of depression or anxiety. Respondents find meaning and fulfillment in life, especially in the areas of family and friends relationships, leisure activities, spiritual development, education, gratitude, and a positive attitude towards life. Conclusion: AMD has a complex impact on the lives of patients. It is important to provide patients with AMD with high-quality and accessible care that includes not only...
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Functional movement disorders of the temporomandibular joint in women of working age
Nulíčková, Denisa ; Benešová, Lucie (advisor) ; Málková, Magdaléna (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Author: Denisa Nulíčková Supervisor: Mgr. Lucie Benešová Title: Functional movement disorders of the temporomandibular joint in women of working age Abstract: The bachelor thesis deals with functional disorders of the temporomandibular joint in women of working age. The thesis is a diagnostic work. The main aim is to evaluate the most common functional changes and general common features of patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction by means of extended kinesiological analysis. The sub-objective is to map the quality of life and the presence of stress factors in the patients' lives. The second sub-objective is to elaborate the proposal and goals of the physiotherapy intervention. The theoretical part, in addition to short chapters describing the anatomy and biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint, deals with functional temporomandibular disorders. It provides a comprehensive overview of their causes, symptomatology and relationship to other body structures. It also summarizes the consequences of excessive psychological stress in the context of these disorders and describes conservative methods of treatment. The practical part of the thesis consists of 5 case studies, which include detailed initial examinations. The standard kinesiological analysis is enriched with...
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Effect of dysbiosis on proportion of particular neutrophil subsets and their functional capacities
Sklenářová, Lydie ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Dobeš, Jan (referee)
The gut microbiota is crucial for maintaining physiological balance and influences metabolic processes, immune responses, and intestinal barrier function. Dysbiosis, or the imbalance of microbial composition, is associated with a range of health complications, including chronic inflammatory conditions such as non-specific intestinal inflammations. Inflammatory processes associated with dysbiosis and changes in microbial metabolites can directly affect the activation of neutrophils, impacting the pathogenesis of various diseases. Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host, offer the potential for positive modulation of these inflammatory conditions The aim of this thesis was to explore how experimentally induced intestinal dysbiosis affects the heterogeneity of neutrophils in the bone marrow. Dysbiosis was induced by administering antibiotics to mice, which were subsequently treated with the probiotic strain Escherichia coli O83:K24:H31 (EcO83). Neutrophil phenotypes were assessed using flow cytometry based on the expression of surface markers CD11b, Ly6G, CD62L, and CXCR2. Meanwhile, gene expression related to their antimicrobial functions and the inflammatory environment was analyzed by quantitative PCR. The results...
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The impact of bleeding disorders on patients' daily activities
Vacková, Eliška ; Nikodemová, Hana (advisor) ; Neugebauer, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the impact of bleeding disorders on patinets daily activities. Bleeding disorders represent a wide spectrum of disorders, and each disorder may differ in its etiology, clinical manifestations or subsequent therapy. For this reason, this bachelor thesis focuse primarily on haemophilia. The aim of this thesis was to investigate in which areas and to what extent the bleeding disorder affects the daily life of patients. The thesis id divide into a theoretical and an empirical part. In the theoretical part, the different bleeding conditions are characterized and von Willebrand's disease and haemophilia are described in more detail. At the end of the theoretical part, the activities of daily life and the needs of person are described. The empirical part contains the results of the own investigation, statistical analysis and comparsion of the rsults of the own work with the results of previously conducted studies. Method: to obtain the results, a questionnaire of our own design was developer, which was subsequently distributed in the Institute of hematology and blood transfusion to a selected group of respondets attending outpatient check-ups at the Centre for thrombosis and haemostasis. Results: 42 respondents took part in the questionnaire survey and it was found that...
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Degree of protein structure disorder in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms
Nováková, Zuzana ; Vondrášek, Jiří (advisor) ; Feidakis, Christos (referee)
The structure-function paradigm of protein biology has been fundamentally changed in the last three decades by the discovery of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and regions (IDRs). These proteins have been identified as critical components in various cellular processes, including signaling, protein-protein interactions, and regulation. While it is apparent that IDPs/IDRs are vital in the function of living organisms, the study of their structure has posed a great challenge. Despite recent advancements in NMR spectroscopy and deep learning algorithms for protein structure prediction, IDPs/IDRs remain a relatively unnkown territory, with significant gaps in knowledge about their behavior and function in living systems. Although IDPs are present in all life forms, their abundance reveals a correlation between organismal complexity and degree of protein disorder. Prokaryotic organisms exhibit a much lower prevalence of IDPs than eukaryotic. Notably, a substantial degree of disorder is observed in unicellular parasitic protists, implying, that IDPs are fundamental in pathogenesis and the progression of diseases like malaria and toxoplasmosis. In humans, malfunctions in IDPs are linked to many conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinsons's, Alzheimer's as well as various...
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Time Calibration and Response of the Hadronic ATLAS Tile Calorimeter
Divíšek, Martin ; Davídek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Rybář, Martin (referee)
The performance of the Tile Calorimeter is heavily dependent on the proper calibra- tion of the detector response with respect to energy of the incident particles and the time of their arrival into the detector. A sophisticated calibration system is put in place to ensure the quality of the data yielded by the calorimeter. In our thesis, we describe improvements we have made to the processing software for the laser calibration and time monitoring of the detector. An analysis of their impact on the data quality improvements carried out during the reprocessing of detector data in 2022 is also included. Reprocessed data has been used to establish a time resolution estimate of the detector for 2022, as well as a more detailed performance breakdown on a per-layer basis. Since their development, our software modifications are seeing use during routine data quality verification (such as during the 2023 data reprocessing) as well as searches for long-lived heavy exotics at the LHC. 1
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Foreigners in the Czech Republic: history, trends and patterns
Stejskal, Jan ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Foreigners in the Czech Republic: history, trends and patterns Abstract This bachelor thesis focuses on foreigners legally residing in the Czech Republic from the demographic perspective. It is based primarily on data on foreigners that are available from public sources. It presents fundamental legal regulations that affect the residence of foreigners in Czechia, it also discusses the statistical registration of foreigners and the main sources of data about them. Attention is paid to the history of international migration in Czechia, to the development of the number of foreigners in Czechia, acquisition of Czech citizenship by foreigners and international protection in the Czech Republic. Space is also devoted to the demographic events and processes of foreigners, to their demographic patterns and the spatial distribution of foreigners in the Czech Republic. This thesis offers international comparisons of the number of foreigners with the member countries of the European Union. It also focuses on the Ukrainian refugee crisis that started in 2022. A new contribution of this thesis is analysis of mortality of foreigners and the structure of live births of foreigners in 2021 and 2022 including a comparison with the population of Czech citizens. It can serve as a basis for more more in-depth analysis in the...
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Lung cancer predisposition in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Kulichová, Kristýna ; Indra, Radek (advisor) ; Canová, Nikolina (referee)
Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease that particularly affects the respiratory and digestive systems. Although the disease is still incurable, advances in therapy have improved the quality of life of cystic fibrosis patients and also extended their life expectancy. However, as patients live longer, the risk of developing cancer also increases. It turns out that patients suffering from cystic fibrosis are likely to have an increased risk of developing digestive tract cancer. In general, the most affected organ are the lungs, which are often colonized by bacteria. In this research, I will first deal with the description of cancer and cystic fibrosis itself, the disorders that accompany cystic fibrosis, how the development of cancer could be connected with cystic fibrosis, and in the last part I will try to analyze the connection between cystic fibrosis and lung cancer.
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Reorganization of in vitro reconstituted actin-based networks
Sabó, Ján ; Lánský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Varga, Vladimír (referee) ; Cifra, Michal (referee)
The cytoskeleton provides living organisms with machinery to move. On the molecular scale, the same cytoskeletal components undergo constant reorganization to contribute to distinct cellular processes, such as the navigation of neuronal growth cones in brain development or the creation of chiral actin flows during cellular division. During brain development, neuronal growth cones navigate by employing cytoskeletal crosstalk between actin filament networks and microtubules. Crosstalk in the growth cones between these cytoskeletal components was linked with known microtubule polymerase human cytoskeleton associated protein 5 (CKAP5; homolog of XMAP215, MSPS, Zyg9), while the details of the direct molecular mechanism of CKAP5-provided remodeling of both microtubules and actin networks are lacking. Therefore, we used total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy together with state- of-the-art in vitro reconstituted assays combining microtubules, actin filament networks, and recombinant proteins to understand cytoskeleton-provided molecular mechanisms underlying cellular motion. In this thesis, we show that CKAP5 alone bundles both supposedly randomly oriented and parallel actin filaments, crosslinks actin filaments to microtubules regardless of their polarity, positions prevailing actin...
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The darkest place is under the candlestick. Involvement of Presidential Office employees in resistance activities during the Second World War.
Piják, Martin ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor) ; Šedivý, Ivan (referee)
The central resistance groups, with the help of their collaborators, gradually linked up with important state agencies, thus aiming to obtain the widest possible range of important information. This was also the case of the Presidential Office at the Prague Castle. The main objective of this thesis is to present lives of the employees of the Presidential Office who were involved in the Second Resistance Movement and who often sacrificed their lives when pursuing this activity. The emphasis is placed on analysis of their social and economic status. This thesis considers also other aspects that may have significantly influenced individuals' decisions to join the resistance (such as their military background, family). The names of the resistance participants are rarely remembered these days, and many of them have been forgotten, hence part of this thesis is also devoted to the question of the so-called second life of these individuals - commemoration of the deceased or the subsequent post-war fate of the survivors. Based on archived documents (such as dispatches to the government-in- exile) and other materials (e.g. memoirs of resistance movement participants) available today, the thesis further analyses involvement of the office staff in activities of the national resistance organizations and their...
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