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The utilization of atomic force microscopy for study on hydrogels
Lišková, Kateřina ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Smilek, Jiří (advisor)
The presented bachelor thesis deals with the study of atomic force microscopy (AFM), especially the optimization of the measuring procedure for imaging the surface of variously crosslinked hydrogels in the hydrated state. The most attention was given to the physically crosslinked polysaccharide hydrogel (termoreversible agarose) in hydrated state, where the surface of the samples with mass concentration of 4, 2, 1, 0,75 and 0,5 % was measured. Subsequently, the surface of the ionically crosslinked 2 % alginate gel with calcium ions was measured. Based on a literature research, measurements were performed in water using the method of quantitative imaging (QITM Advanced Imaging), which is especially suitable for soft samples with uneven surfaces. Multiple cantilever were tested for measurement, finally the SNL-10 cantilever was selected, which showed versatility for imaging samples in any measuring environment, especially aqueous. The pore sizes of the agarose hydrogels were monitored by image analysis ImageJ. For the measurement of hydrogels in the swollen state, the procedure of measuring their surface using atomic force microscopy has been optimized, but for different types of hydrogels, individual optimization of both preparation and instrument setup will be required.
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Study of decomposition of organic matter in soil using the method of "tea bags"
Lišková, Kateřina ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Enev, Vojtěch (advisor)
The main aim of this master thesis was to introduce an optimal method which could be used for study of a decompostion of an organic matter in a soil. For this purpose was chosen based on a literaly review so-called tea bag method. With regard to the completeness of the work, a physico-chemical characterization of the soil environment and HS isolated from it was also performed. The degraded organic material was then further characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, and the total content of water-extractable polyphenolic substances in the samples was also determined.
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Effect of metal ions on the rheological behaviour of polyelectrolyte solutions
Lišková, Kateřina ; Běťák, Jiří (referee) ; Janeček, Jiří (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on two parts. The first one deals with rheological behavior of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) solutions in the presence of sodium and calcium ions. The solutions of various concentrations were prepared by solubilization in aqueous solutions of NaCl or CaCl2. The effect of monovalent and bivalent ions on apparent viscosity and viscoelastic properties of these solutions was studied. It was found that in the case of low concentrations of CMC-Na in the sample (up to 0.5% w/w) the elastic character increases. At the same time the stiffness of the sample is higher with higher concentration of calcium ion in the solution. This increase might indicate the formation of gel network. On the other hand the viscosity of these solutions decreases with higher concentration of calcium ions. In case of solutions with concentration higher than 1.5% w/w changes of viscosity did not happen by influence of addition ions. Rheological behavior was compared also with solutions prepared without adding an electrolyte as well as with acid form of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-H). In terms of second part the molecular dynamic simulations of hyaluronan tetramer both sodium and calcium in aqueous medium were performed. Structure and arrangement of water molecules in the surrounding of hyaluronan chain were studied. Structure was described by formalism of radial distribution functions. In the case of system containing sodium ions only, the obtained results are in accordance with earlier published data. Presence of calcium ions does not cause qualitative changes during the radial distribution functions in comparison with the system with sodium ions.
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Isolation and fractionation methods for determination of humic substances content in Leonardite
Lišková, Kateřina ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Enev, Vojtěch (advisor)
The main aim of this thesis was to isolate humic substances (HA and FA) from the natural sample of Leonardite, to characterize their structure and physical and chemical properties. Among other things, the humic acid standard supplied by IHSS, isolated from Leonardite, originally from Dakota, USA, was also studied. The following thermal and spectrometric methods were used to characterize the samples of isolated humic substances: thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis (EA), ultraviolet-visible spectrometry (UV / Vis) and infrared spectrometry with Fourier transformation (FTIR). The atomic ratios were determined from the results of the elemental analysis. Absorption coefficients were calculated from the measured UV/Vis spectra and were used for the physicochemical characterization of these biocolloid compounds. The measured infrared spectra were used to identify the individual functional groups.
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Stability of humic acids in production of eye drops
Lišková, Kateřina ; Mravec, Filip (referee) ; Bilerová, Helena (advisor)
Glykoaminoglykans are the biological active compounds, which significantly affect the physiological processes in living organisms from under low concentrations. Marked representative of this group is hyaluronic acid. It is linear polysacharid, whose primary structure is consists of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamin linking by glycosidic bonds (13) and (14). It is occurring connective tissues, synovial fluids and vitreous humor too, in which forms system with unique rheological and optical properties. Except of human body is its concentration especially high in the cockscombs. Hyaluronic acid has very high ability to bonding molecules of water, increasing molecular weight a then viscosity of aqueous solutions too. This fact together with characteristic viscoelasticity and lubricating properties plays an important role in preserve of organism. Acid, but its salt too form basic component of compounds using in ophthalmic surgery. It is using in extraction of cataract, operation of glaucoma, implantation of crystalline lens and corneal grafting too. Aim of this bachelor work was a determination of stability of hyaluronic acid solutions along the production of eye drops. Main objective was using by rheological measurement detect the influence of addition polymers (PVP, PACA, PEOX, PEG, PUD, PEI) and different pH on stability, degradation aqueous solution of hyaluronic acid at sterilization in the steam autoclave respectively.
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Major Events of the 20th Century as Recorded in Chronicles of Multi-grade Schools in the Area of Trhové Sviny and Nové Hrady
MÍČKOVÁ LIŠKOVÁ, Kateřina
The diploma thesis deals with the possibilities of teaching the educational field of Man and his world, the subject of homeland studies in the 4th and 5th year of primary school. The theoretical part defines the terms Multi-grade schools, clarifies the history and meaning of school chronicles and deals with the definition of the educational area Man and his world in the Framework Educational Program for Primary Education. It also characterizes the area of Trhové Sviny and Nové Hrady, whose historical network of small schools is the starting point for the practical part of the thesis. The practical part of the diploma thesis deals with the analysis of the content of school chronicles of selected Multi-grade schools, the analysis of the content of textbooks and the method of oral history in terms of the possibility of use in teaching homeland studies. Furthermore, the practical part introduces the proposals for the use of these materials and methods in teaching.
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The utilization of atomic force microscopy for study on hydrogels
Lišková, Kateřina ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Smilek, Jiří (advisor)
The presented bachelor thesis deals with the study of atomic force microscopy (AFM), especially the optimization of the measuring procedure for imaging the surface of variously crosslinked hydrogels in the hydrated state. The most attention was given to the physically crosslinked polysaccharide hydrogel (termoreversible agarose) in hydrated state, where the surface of the samples with mass concentration of 4, 2, 1, 0,75 and 0,5 % was measured. Subsequently, the surface of the ionically crosslinked 2 % alginate gel with calcium ions was measured. Based on a literature research, measurements were performed in water using the method of quantitative imaging (QITM Advanced Imaging), which is especially suitable for soft samples with uneven surfaces. Multiple cantilever were tested for measurement, finally the SNL-10 cantilever was selected, which showed versatility for imaging samples in any measuring environment, especially aqueous. The pore sizes of the agarose hydrogels were monitored by image analysis ImageJ. For the measurement of hydrogels in the swollen state, the procedure of measuring their surface using atomic force microscopy has been optimized, but for different types of hydrogels, individual optimization of both preparation and instrument setup will be required.
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Sign Language Translation in State Administration in Germany: Barrier Free Web Accessibility
Lišková, Kateřina ; Stará, Radka (advisor) ; Nováková, Radka (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe Web accessibility in state administration in the Federal Republic of Germany in relation to the socio-demographic group of deaf sign language users who did not have the opportunity to gain proper knowledge of a written form of the German language. The demand of the Deaf to information in an accessible form as based on legal documents is presented in relation to the theory of translation. How translating from written texts into sign language works in practice shows an example from two sign language translation providers in Germany. In conclusion, the visually accessible information on the Web might have an impact on the quality of Deaf people's lives. Keywords: translation, sight translation, interpreting, deaf interpreter, German Sign Language, Federal Republic of Germany, freedom of information, deaf, people with hearing loss
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Quality of Life, Satisfaction with Life, Social Self-efficacy and People after Acquired Brain Injury.
Lišková, Kateřina ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis is focused on quality of life theme, satisfaction with life topic and social self- efficacy subject, with emphasizing of the acquired brain injury context and specific and unique brain injury consequences. Thesis is based on theoretical fundament of all mentioned concepts, but mainly there are actual quantitative data and results of quality of life, satisfaction with life and social self-efficacy and other-efficacy in the framework of acquired brain injury research sample in Czech Republic. Not only description of quality of different life parts subjective perception, but also search of possible relationships strength between quality of life and social efficacy has been probed. All of these has been used in application of lots of standardized and also new questionnaire and methods. Keywords: acquired brain injury, quality of life, satisfaction with life, social self-efficacy, social other- efficacy
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