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Global Dimension of Rawls' Theory of Justice
Ottingerová, Lucie ; Šimsa, Martin (advisor) ; Kučera, Jan (referee)
This thesis is concerned with mapping one of the most topical discussions in the field of modern political philosophy, namely the contention about the existence, nature and extent of justice in the era of a highly globalised world. However, the clash about the existence of global justice, hitherto referred to as the clash between cosmopolitans and internationalists, is not viewed in its entirety. More specifically, this thesis aspires to make an introduction into the debate against the background of one of the most influential philosophical works of the 20th century which has significantly contributed to the delimitation of the term "justice"- Theory of Justice by John Rawls. This book incited joyful reaction from a number of cosmopolitan theorists, including most notably Charles Beitz and Thomas Pogge, who perceived it as a clear attempt at extending traditionally liberal ideals and precepts beyond the scope of nation states. The difference principle in particular caught their attention as it represented a suitable way of facilitating the ideal of social justice at global level. Nonetheless, Rawls himself rejected cosmopolitan claims. As this thesis aspires to fully comprehend the reasons that led him to such a step, it will be necessary to introduce Rawls' political philosophy in its entirety,...
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Elementary mathematics from an advanced standpoint
Kučera, Jiří ; Bečvář, Jindřich (advisor) ; Staněk, Jakub (referee)
Mine thesis is written for self-study of secondary school graduates students which prepare for the mathematically oriented high schools. It clarifies theoretical approach to mathematics. It was chosen topics exponents, square roots, logarithms and equations that contain these objects for this purpose. For this reason students are given the opportunity to gain stance to university mathematics knowledge that should be known from high school. In addition, his work allows him to enlarge knowledge of those topics and learn heavier and unusual examples.
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National Fascist Community in the political system of the First Republic
Šulcová, Štěpánka ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Kučera, Jan (referee)
The ambition of this thesis is to determine the cause of the failure of the Czech fascist movement, represented by the National Fascist Community, during the First Czechoslovak Republic and to outline the position of the party in the political system. The work focuses not only on the role of the National Fascist Community in the political system, but it also addresses the territorial distribution of its electorate and membership and its participation in the parliamentary elections. The author characterizes the party program features and deals with program distinctions between the National Fascist Community and other right-wing organizations. The fundamental research question to which the author seeks an answer is: Why the National Fascist Community, as the main representative of the Czech fascist movement, did not gain a wider support from the Czech society? To what extent the National Fascist Community distinguished itself in its program agenda from other political parties and how this influenced its position in the political system? The theme of this thesis lies at the border of the history and the political science. The text is based on comparative and empirical-analytic approach, an atheoretical case study was chosen as a research method. At the end of the text the author summarizes the reasons...
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Language and Totalitarianism
Váňa, Tomáš ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Kučera, Jan (referee)
The thesis Language and totalitarianism deals with the relation between these two phenomena. On the basis of key thinkers dealing with totalitarianism it formulates its own definition of totalitarianism. It presents the communication theory of Karl Wolfgang Deutsch, on which basis it points to the close relation between communication and political systems, concretely between language and totalitarianism. Language is analysed mainly on the thoughts of Ferdinand de Saussure and Ludwig Wittgenstein. Totalitarian language is explained using mainly Orwell's totalitarian language newspeak in 1984. A practical analysis of a sample of Rudé právo fram the era of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia in the years 1948-1989 shows its manifestations in real use. At the end of the thesis political correctness is introduced as an example of totalitarian tendencies in liberal democracies.
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Broadcast Policy in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia: Power Structures, Programming, Collaboration and Resistance at Czech Radio 1939 to 1945
Pinard, Peter Richard ; Kučera, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Köpplová, Barbara (referee) ; Kutsch, Arnulf (referee)
What radio policy did the Nazi authorities implement in the so-called Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia? What were the possibilities of collaboration or, conversely, of Czech resistance within Czech Radio. What impact did the situation have on programming and on mutual relations between Czechs and Germans within this institution? Based largely on archival sources and an analysis of radio program schedules, this study seeks to answer those questions. The author pays special attention to political, anti-Semitic, Worker's Radio and political satire programming. The main findings of the study are that the occupation authorities implemented a range of policies starting with passive censorship of Czech-made programming and increasing over time to active production of German-inspired programs. Initially, an unqualified bureaucrat named Lothar Scurla led the occupation team supported by Sudeten-German Czech Radio staff. Czech staff reacted successfully to this manipulation with passive resistance. After taking charge in Prague, Reinhard Heydrich removed Scurla and more qualified German radio professionals took control under the leadership of the SS-Obersturmführer Ferdinand Thürmer. The new team gradually increased the quantity of factual programming while decreasing overtly political program content at...
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Theatre and Politics: The Weimar Republic 1927-1933
Rudý, Jakub ; Kučera, Jan (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
This thesis aims at avant-garde theatre movement in Weimar Republic, namely at stage manager Erwin Piscator and playwright Bertold Brecht, as well as at characteristics of political and social surroundings of Weimar Republic. Intellectually is the aim of this thesis at mutual relation between theatre and politics. Thesis is set into years 1927 - 1933, however, broader context of post-war Germany is necessary, while setting both men in the context and surroundings of Weimar Germany. The thesis is divided into three parts. In the first one, culture, political and social conditions of Weimar Republic are analysed, matters of censorship, culture politics a political conditions of Weimar Republic are accented. The second part aims at Erwin Piscator, principles of his work and his public functioning in the years 1927 - 1933, as well as the response he became in the public. The third part aims in the same way at Bertold Brecht, principles of his playwriting, two plays written in the years 1927 - 1933 and again the response he became in the public. Relation between theatre and politics is analysed from two points of view. The first is point of view of Weimar Republic - its politics in culture and censorship. The second one is the point of view of both men, who had undoubtedly political targets set into...
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Biology, ecology and invasion characteristics of Campylopus introflexus in the Czech Republic
Mikulášková, Eva ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Tribsch, Andreas (referee) ; Kučera, Jan (referee)
A B S T R A C T Ecological and economic impact of invasive plants to natural ecosystems is the subject of many studies; however, invasive bryophytes have been stud- ied only marginally. Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. is one of the most strongly invasive bryophyte species in Europe. The species appears to be native in the Southern Hemisphere. In Europe, it was collected for the first time in the British Isles in 1941. The moss has expanded eastward and the first collection in the Czech Republic is dated to 1988. This thesis found that more than 70 localities were known known in the Czech Republic in 2006, and more than 100 localities became known by 2011. It has been further demonstrated that the Czech Republic was colonized repeatedly by generative spores and all populations have a unique genetic composition. Genetic variation of the populations is low, the genetic diver- sity of populations within the Czech Republic is not correlated with their geographic position or with any of the monitored environmental variables. At a fine scale within particular localities, the species disperses by vege- tative diaspores, while it uses generative spores for spreading over longer distances. In Central Europe, C. introflexus prefers open coniferous forests, especially plantations of either spruce or pine. It colonizes...
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The impact of the arrival of displaced Germans for the economic development of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Hudecová, Dominika ; Kučera, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Konrád, Ota (referee)
The objective of this work is to analyze the influence of the arrival of expelled Germans on postwar reconstruction of West Germany in connection with their labor market integration. The precondition how to become an active participant on the economy recovery is a stable job. The conclusion of this work is, that expelled Germans were from the beginning an active part of postwar economic reconstruction of Germany, despite of the fact, that there were some structural problems in the economy like a black market, lack of accommodation facilities in the cities or unequable dislocation of these people in the occupied zones. These problems were removed by the currency and economy reforms. After the reforms came in sight, that expelled Germans represented a positive part of the economic reconstruction in form of free, qualified and cheap labour force, which could be purposefully use. This evaluation is based on critical interpretation of the facts received from the literature, scholarly articles and Internet sources.
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Budinka Case - Content Analysis of the Representation of the Expulsion of the Germans in Media
Komasová, Sarah ; Matějka, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kučera, Jaroslav (referee)
This work is dealing with the media reflection of deportation of Germans after the Second World War. It is a case study which analyzes newspaper articles following up a discovery of a mass grave near the village of Dobronín. The approach of frequency analysis was used for processing of huge amount of sources in Czech; the smaller sample of articles written in German was dealt with qualitative method. The target of the work is to answer how media reflect the deportation and whether they have tendency of arguments towards "defenders" or "critics". The work takes this classification over from an article by Michal Kopeček and Miroslav Kunštát. On the basis of the frequency analysis results the thesis concludes that victims have been predominantly identified as Germans; their identity is, in a negative sense, connected with the membership in Nazi organisations; however in positive view they are seen as village community members. But the reflection depends on the particular journal. The journals further to the critical approach use often the interconnection of the murderers' identity with the Communist party. Differences among the rate of using of expressive words are also important. The process of media case is clearly visible in the discussion about erection of memorial cross. The research can be...
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Bavarian CSU and Austrian ÖVP: Postmaterialist Society, Cartel Parties?
Bobek, Pavel ; Kunštát, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kučera, Jaroslav (referee)
Both the Bavarian and Austrian societies have been undergoing a broad process of change since 1945: they have experienced a long period of economical growth, a rise of standards in terms of social welfare and education, and thus a value change and a switch to at least partly postmaterial society. Accompanying this change, however, there has also been more public disapproval towards the official policies, the number of people going to the polls has sunk and so has the number of people who are likely to become involved in party politics. Particularly the big, dominant catch-all parties, such as CSU (Christian Social Union of Bavaria) and ÖVP (Austrian People's Party), have been losing their voters and members. As the thesis shows, the developments in both societies are quite similar, as the political culture of Bavaria and Austria - in spite of certain differences - shares many common characteristics. Also, both CSU and ÖVP did partly manage to adapt to the new circumstances, particularly in terms of party funding. Anyway, they did not fully follow the pattern of cartelisation to pursue this adaptation. This reveals the link between postmaterialist change and the development to cartel party to be only partly valid; however, both theories have proved to be helpful in understanding processes taking...
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