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Contemporary Tendencies in Anthropology and How They Change the Possibilities of an Anthropology of Ritual
Slapnička, Aleš ; Kroulík, Milan (advisor) ; Chlup, Radek (referee)
In my thesis I will focus on the theory of anthropology of ritual from the point of view of contemporary anthropological currents. The work will be based on the fundamental researchers of the 20th century (such as Victor Turner, Mary Douglas, etc.), whose concepts entered not only the canon of anthropology, but also in anthropologically focused religious studies. In my work, I will ask myself how these concepts (liminality, clean/impure...) are still fully applicable in their original form and how it is possible to work with them today. To this end, the thesis will assemble the arguments of contemporary (not exclusively) anthropologically oriented academics. A single specification of their focus is difficult, their texts contain the ideas of posthumanism, STS, poststructuralist and philosophical anthropology, deconstruction and many others. In my work, I will present these concepts under the heading of key authors and re-read their original texts through the lens of selected critically tuned texts. I will try to evaluate the validity of the criticism and what the proven concepts subjected to criticism can further offer. I will also consider how a critique of the anthropology of ritual/religion can influence the religious studies scene in general. Keywords anthropology of ritual, Gilles Deleuze,...
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Framing of the Dangerous: The Artwork between New Materialism and William S. Burroughs
Hájková, Helena ; Kroulík, Milan (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to think through the problematics of art and artwork by comparing two authors - the New Materialism scholar Elizabeth Grosz and the artist William S. Burroughs. The result of this comparison is a philosophy of artwork that dehumanizes art and places the creative process in the relations forming between the living body and the dynamic forces of the earth. The most important step of the thesis is to analyze those relations that result from sexual difference. These announce the arising of art practices in nature, for they establish attractiveness and desire as mechanisms through which life produces excessive variations of itself. Another step is the elaboration of such conceptualization that frames sexual difference as a potentially life-threatening and dangerous principle through which the theory of art can be connected with the process of creation of an artwork as described in Burroughs's texts. Special attention is given to his shotgun art that focuses on capturing the so-called random factor of creation, which Burroughs interprets as something essential for the possible independence of the artwork from both the author and perceiver.
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The Confrontation Between Japanese and American Worlds
Nový, Ladislav ; Kroulík, Milan (advisor) ; Zemánek, Marek (referee)
This paper places the historical events pertaining to the initial encounters between Japanese and Americans within the context of Western science and colonialism. In the first two chapters, concepts of religion and universalism, nature and culture and the idea of objective scientific method as inseparable from their historical contexts and from colonial and neo-colonial worldmaking. The third chapter presents Japan as a construct of late-Tokugawa modernizing efforts, whilst the fourth focuses on America as a Christian and imperialist project. The remaining chapters then look at the encounters between the two worlds themselves, first with emphasis on the Japanese and later on the American side. By introducing the encounters within the established contexts, this paper stresses the need to approach the confrontation not just as happening between the complex American and Japanese onto-epistemologies, but also with Western scientific method as a participant that is not exempt from its own historic and material conditions and limitations.
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Encounters at the Wat Dhammakittiwong
Kroulík, Milan ; Pehal, Martin (advisor) ; Zemánek, Marek (referee)
(in English) This paper is based on field-work performed in a Thai Buddhist Temple (Wat) in Prague in the year 2016. The aim is to describe and in describing analyze rituals organized in and through the temple from a materialist phenomenological point of view, as well as based on an ideal-type Theravāda cosmology. In drawing on post-colonial philosophy, part of the focus lies also on the process of becoming other. This is achieved in situating practice and mimesis (based on the anthropologist Michael Taussig's theory) at the center of methodological inquiry. Each chapter is based on different expected and unexpected encounters at the Wat, and offers a possible solution to the issues that these encounters raised.
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Cosmology and Exile in the Wider Yamato Court
Kroulík, Milan ; Zemánek, Marek (advisor) ; Kubovčáková, Zuzana (referee)
Milan Kroulík Exile and Cosmology in the Wider Yamato Court Abstract (in English): The aim of this paper is twofold. In the first part I try to understand the society of Japan around the turn of the 7th and 8th centuries (Asuka to early Nara periods) with the help of a model proposed by Mary Douglas. This analysis is concerned with history, social organization, religion and the cosmology found in the chronicles it produced. These chronicles represent the world-view of the imperial family of the Yamato state, which was one of many in Early Japan. I conclude that the social reality of the aristocracy of this state was rather unstable, competitive and somewhat individualistic. In the second part I analyze myth sequences from these earliest extant Japanese chronicles. In this structural analysis I employ the knowledge gathered in the first part. It enables me to read the motif of exile as bridging a fundamental problem in a competitive society. Namely, in order for a person to become an emperor, he has to be fierce and transgressive. However as an emperor, the same person represents structure par excellence and has to be the opposite of transgression. While in exile, the formerly ambivalent character transforms into an acceptable form. The study of two chronicles yields two results. In one chronicle (Kojiki)...
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The use of unmanned aerial vehicles in agriculture.
Starý, Karel ; Kroulík, Milan (advisor) ; Petrásek, Stanislav (referee)
Unmanned aerial vehicles has been a fast developing field over the last couple of years Farmers have been trying to take profit from this development and are interested in various options of applications. Demands on the area of agricultural production have been increasing, especially higher effectivity and the economical aspect of production are in focus. Farmers seek for the information about crop statuses and cattle in pursuit of economical rentability and enviromental sustainability. Due to this awareness farmers can take measures to reach economical profit. In the form of literature review the thesis describes construction types, their power options and the suitability for particular application is evaluated. Furthermore, scanning varieties and particular examples of applications are mentioned.
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Evaluation of soil variability based on measuring the soil electrical conductivity.
Votavová, Eliška ; Kroulík, Milan (advisor) ; Novák, Petr (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to verify the new capabilities for mapping variability of soil using measurement platforms mounted on machines for tillage.
The chapter Soil describes types of soil in the Czech Republic, the causes of soil variability and the methods of spatial interpolation. The chapter Mapping Spatial Variability of Land focuses on the method of determining the variability of soil properties through direct and indirect methods, selection of locations for collection of soil samples, methods of measuring electrical conductivity and an overview of options for mapping, mainly via on-the-go sensors. The last part of the literary research is entitled Geographic Information System where I have described the purpose and uses of this system in precise farming. The subsequent practical part of the diploma thesis focuses on evaluation
of the level of variability of farm land based on measuring of soil conductivity via a galvanic contact method of measuring and its subsequent comparison during use of an EM 38 MK2 soil conductivity probe. The conclusion contains a summary of the thesis and evaluation
of the level of agreement between the obtained data files.
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Prediction of permitted load limits for agricultural tyres
Strach, Andrej ; Prikner, Patrik (advisor) ; Kroulík, Milan (referee)
The main objective of this thesis is the analysis and comprehensive review of agricultural tires designed for agricultural tractors highest performance class. Another part deals with the description and evaluation of major parameters for calculating the contact surfaces of tires with respect to an individual combination of inflation pressures and loads. The first part was prepared by literature review. Followed by laboratory testing focused mainly on determining the tire contact area with respect to an individual combination of inflation pressures and loads. The first part of the testing procedure was aimed at verifying the functionality and accuracy of the Plantograf. The second part of the test procedure included the estimate of the relationship between the wheel load and pressure distribution in the contact area of the tread of the tire under static loading. The last part of the test procedure consists in comparison of static and dynamic load tires. The measured and calculated values were processed into the relevant tables and graphs.
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