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The Relation between Attention and Consciousness
Čihák, Martin ; Lukavský, Jiří (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
The bachelor thesis presents findings of experiments which examined mutual relation between consciousness and various types of attention (top-down and bottom-up; feature, objective and spatial) and summarizes both empirical and theoretical arguments for and against dissociation of attention and consciousness. The conclusion of the thesis is that the literature implies attention being necessary but not sufficient condition for consciousness. In the second part of the thesis a replication study is proposed which aims to verify whether interactions of consciousness and attention, found previously within the visual modality, appear within the auditory modality as well. Keywords: consciousness, attention, perception, experimental psychology
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Explanatory style and optimism in relation to health
Neumannová, Karolína ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to deal with the explanatory style construct of optimism and its impact on health. Theoretical part summarizes the existing relevant research and findings with the aim of organizing the knowledge that is important for the orientation in a given topic. Firstly, the thesis describes a concept of explanatory style, its development and characteristics. Furthermore, the thesis is focused on optimistic explanatory style as one of the possible factors that might be positively connected to physical and mental health. The final part of thesis summarizes positive psychology interventions designed to develop and increase optimism. Practical part consists of designed research aimed at population of young adults. The exploratory aim is to determine whether the application of positive psychology intervention might lead to a significant reduction in depressive symptoms and, if so, whether the optimistic explanatory style might represent one of the factors that helps maintain mental health.
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Embodiment in social cognition and theory of mind
Takáčová, Bibiana ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the concept of embodied cognition, which understands perception and action as a functional and indivisible whole. Instead of needing mental representations, it offers a dynamic and interactive model of circular exchange with the environment. In a number of examples, it describes how it is possible that the interaction and behavior of an organism may not depend on complex calculations that, according to a traditional model, are placed in the brain but how the body itself and its adaptation can be sufficient for these processes. In this manner, it turns to work on social cognition and her current broader interpretation framework how we create beliefs about the states of other people, that is, the theory of mind. Based on the simulation theory, it suggests research that aims to determine whether lower-level processes such as empathy will be constructive in solving more complex tasks of one of the theory of mind tests - the Faux pas test.
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Organic changes of brain and their influence on cognitive abilities
Švarcová, Blanka ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
My thesis focuses on organic changes of brain and their impact on different cognitive abilities, which are located in particular parts of brain. In the first part, I focus on the elementary anatomic terminology inclusive of location of important centres. Then I describe the impact of organic changes on cognitive abilities and various examples of brain damage, either as a result of injury or illness. In the practical part, I put forth a research proposal concerning impact of different rehabilitation methods on state of health improvement in case of stroke. I draw a comparison of results between two grupos of patients with different extent of rehabilitation.
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Psychological aspects of neurodegenerative diseases
Janíková, Martina ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
Neurodegenerative diseases are heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by the extinction of specific group of neurons. Clinical symptoms evolve as a result of impairment of particular brain regions. The most frequent symptoms are motoric malfunctions and cognitive deficits leading in some cases to dementia. This thesis focuses on description of psychological changes and neuropsychological disorders accompanying Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. An original research proposal aiming at exploration of neuropsychological profile of patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies is presented in the empirical part. Keywords Neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, psychological aspects
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The changes in relationships after brain injury
Biedková, Paula ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
After a brain damage many various mental changes of grave importance may appear apart from the physical consequences. These consequences affect not only the person that suffered the brain damage but also his partner and family. The aim of my bachelor thesis is to explore the impact of brain injury in relationships. The core part of theoretical part of this thesis focuses on the most important problems in relationships after brain injury. The attention is drawn to the negative impact of KCT on physical and psychical health on spouse. The following section includes the strategies which help couples to overcome family troubles and factors which decrease the quality of relationship. Further the work focuses on the divorce rate after KCT. The thesis also contains the project of research, which is thematically linked to the literature review. The main aim is to determine the impact of communication training KCT Express on quality of relationships. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The PASS Theory - from research to intervention
Khánská, Lenka ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
This bachelor thesis focused on the origin and principles of the PASS theory (Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Successive Processing processomg). It introduces the the information processing theory by A. R. Luria, from which the PASS theory stems. It also describes CAS and CAS2 (Cognitive Assessment System) tools, which enable the assessment of PASS processes. The work offers an overview of some possible interventions that are based on the PASS theory. The work includes a number of studies that examined how CAS is able to recognize specific groups of children (e.g. Children with ADHD, Down syndrome, etc.), and how to verify whether interventions are effective. The research proposal examines how the PASS processes influence school activities focusing on pupils in primary schools. This research could serve as the basis for the use of interventions within the frame of school education and thus it could help for the effective development of the PASS processes. Keywords: PASS Theory, Planning, Attention, Simultaneous Information Processing, Successive Information Processing, Cognitive Assessment System, Intervention
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The psychological aspects of degenerative diseases of the central nervous system.
Vargová, Helena ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
The degenerative diseases affect not only the central nervous system, but also attacks neurological, mainly motoric, functions. These diseases undoubtedly influence mental functions as well. In the theoretical part, the thesis focuses on a possible correlation between the psychical disposition - mainly emotional, and its influence on the development or progression of this kind of disease. Furthermore, the thesis concentrates on the cognitive alternations accompanying given diseases, on the patients' behavioral changes and emotional alternation. The thesis also presents coping strategies and recommendations concerned with the issue of degenerative diseases of CNS based on the recent studies. A research proposal in the empirical part focuses on the effects of social support and coping strategies on the patient with ALS disease and it also explores the patients' motivation and potential future goals which interfere with the quality of life. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Personal Conceptions of Death and Experienced Meaningfulness of Life
Kaplan, Cyril ; Loneková, Katarína (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
This study concentrates on psychology of death and psychology of meaning of life. The primary goal is to survey personal conceptions of death as a state. Theoretical part of this study presents psychological view on topics of death and human percieving of awareness of their own mortality, outlines intercultural view on common motives across eschatologies and their relation to various psychological and philosophical approaches on death, and summarizes certain aspects of ontogenesis of death conceptions. One chapter focuses on dimensions of psychological construct of meaning in life. Other chapter resumes previous psychological research on areas of psychology of death and psychology of meaningfulness of life. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to explore our topic. To get descriptions of personal conceptions of death as state in population of young adults, qualitative methodes were used. Scales were administered to access levels of death anxiety and meaning in life, strenghts of belief in an afterlife, and to monitor emotions regarding own images of death as state. Relationship between death anxiety and emotions regarding own images of death as state was proven significant based on research realized on population of 51 young adults. Collected quantitative data did not serve as a...
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