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Macrophages in leishmania - sand fly - host interaction
Kratochvílová, Tereza ; Kolářová, Iva (advisor) ; Fialová, Anna (referee)
Sand flies (order Diptera) are vectors of Leishmania parasites (Trypanosomatida), which are inoculated into the host skin together with the vector saliva. Sand fly saliva plays the important role in the Leishmania transmission; in naive host it supresses the host immune response assisting Leishmania to establish the infection, while in repeatedly bitten host it elicits a protective immune response. The submitted thesis focuses on the effect of sand fly saliva on macrophages, the key cells in the infection control. In the first part of the thesis we established a laboratory model L. major - P. papatasi - Balb/c to describe the protective effect of saliva immunization on Leishmania infection development. Immunized mice were protected against Leishmania infection which was reflected in the ear lesion size, parasite load in the ear dermis and draining lymph nodes but also in cytokine production. On the contrary, produced lower amount of nitric oxide, while arginase activity was comparable with nonimmunized group. The IgG antibodies against saliva served as a marker of exposure to sandflies while IgG antibodies against Leishmania antigens served as a marker of infection severity. The experiments were aimed on the possibility of cross-protectivity in Balb/c mice against L. major between closely related...
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Macrophages and nitric oxide in leishmania - sandfly - host interactions
Kratochvílová, Tereza ; Fialová, Anna (referee) ; Kolářová, Iva (advisor)
Leishmania reside fagolysosome of macrophages immediately after their entry to host where they multiply and consequently infect other macrophages or eventually other cells. A synthesis of a reactive reactant of oxygen and nitrogen is one of the mechanisms that some mammal cells are equipped with and that also contributes to eradication of leishmania. Nitric oxide rising during a metabolic change of L-arginine under the catalysis of NO synthase is of a large importance. Beyond cytotoxic function, nitric oxide is involved in signalling pathways for a neurotransmission (nNOS) and vasorelaxation (eNOS). Not all types of macrophages have ability to produce NO (iNOS). It is a heterogeneous group differing in immunological function and also in physiology. A group of classical activated macrophages represents an effective APC capable of efficient killing of intracellular pathogens. In addition to NO, they also secrete an inflammatory cytokines, which evolve an immune reaction towards to Th1. Contrary to this, a group of alternative activated macrophages is not capable of any efficient antigen presentation and nitric oxide production but produces L-ornithine, which is a precursor of polyamines, which leishmania utilizes for its own intracellular growth. For the mouse model, status of resistance and/or...
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Describing of needs of mental patients by CAN-C
Kratochvílová, Tereza ; Loneková, Katarína (referee) ; Junková, Vendula (advisor)
In this dissertation we deal with needs of mental patients with psychotic disorder diagnose especially schizophrenia. Because of this we have chosen the CAN - C Test / Camberwell Assessment of Need / which was developed by King's College London - Institute of Psychiatry. The CAN Test describes medical and social needs of mental patients and gives a notice about sphere in which the care or therapy can help. The six months research has been in progres in the psychiatric department of Litoměřice hospital and 40 patients have been examinated. The attending physician's view has been described in the same way. Generally we have compared the way how patients feel their needs and the way of attending physicians. Research proved high correlation between these two groups and it confirmed our hypothesis about the necessity of psychological and psychotherapeutic help especially for these patients.
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Cultural Heritage as one of the Factors in the Development Community and the Region
Kratochvílová, Tereza ; Varvažovská, Pavla (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
The theme of this thesis is a cultural heritage and its role in developing communities and regions.
The theoretical part focuses on defining the basic concepts that are the subject of cultural heritage linked. Specifically, it discusses the situation in the cities of Pardubice and Pardubice region. After the initial presentation of the basic assumptions relating to the concepts of cultural heritage, Regional development, followed by a section devoted to the particular characteristics of the cultural-historical development and specific places in the Pardubice region.
The last of the four major part is devoted to the results of quantitative and qualitative research survey, effected to collect a sufficient amount of current information. In the course held surveys among mapping opinions on the topic of cultural heritage among the local population and took place several tens of structured, unstructured and semi-structured interviews with representatives of information centers, local authorities and ordinary citizens.
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Weathering pits of the natural park of Čeřínek
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Tereza
This Bachelor thesis deals with weathering pits in the natural park of Čeřínek and hypotheses of their origin. The Bachelor thesis is divided into two chapters. The first theoretical chapter wich is drawing from the literature, describes the selected physic- geographical characteristics ofthe park: geology, geomorphology, climate, biogeography and found mesoforms and microforms of relief. The second chapter is practical, it consists of a fielad research weathering pits and wheatering rifts in the selected locality. At wheatering pits have been studied direction and size of the slant of bed, lenght,width,depth and length of drainage groove. At wheatering rifts were measured their direction and size of the slant. The orientation of the bottoms of panholes was compared with the horizontal fractures within given rock masiffs. The thesise contains stereograms of wheatering pits, crakc´s diagrams, maps and photographs. All these supplements were acquired during fieldwork at monitored field.
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VÝSLEDKY HOSPODAŘENÍ VEŘEJNÝCH ROZPOČTŮ VE SVĚTLE PRŮBĚHU POLITICKÝCH CYKLŮ V ČR V LETECH 1993 - 2010
Kratochvílová, Tereza ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to evaluate financial and economic results of public budgets in the Czech Republic. The analysis concerns all governments between years 1993 and 2010 and shows possible connections with the political-business cycle. Origins of public budgets deficits are investigated in order to classify cyclical and structural deficit. These are established on the basis of political measures and the economic cycle analysis. First part of the thesis is based on the theory of Public finance, Public choice and Political-business cycle. Second part focuses on the analysis of economic cycles within the context of each election period and political decisions. Finally the thesis summarizes results of investigation at the said period and the influence of the economic policy of every government on results of public budgets. The economic cycle analysis demonstrate that between years 1993 and 2010 deficits of public budgets are predominantly structural.
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Migration related to the European Union with a view to Great Britain and Germany
Kratochvílová, Tereza ; Ševčíková, Michaela (advisor) ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (referee)
The Bachelor thesis comprehends the progress of migration trends, features and problems in the European Union from the last century until now, focused on Great Britain and Gemany in the analytical part. I will deal with the theory of miration, its trends, potential and its role in the EU, and also with tge progressing common immigration and asylum policy. In context of Great Britain and Germany I will target not only the the development of migration, but also thein approach and experiences with immigrants in numbers and dates. The ambition of this work is to put closer the european historical and current migration trends, in analytical part by the comparation of the two european countries, and also the contour of the common immigration and asylum policy.
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