|
|
Temporal sequence iconicity: An artificial language learning experiment
Burda, David ; Láznička, Michal (advisor) ; Jehlička, Jakub (referee)
This thesis is devoted to the concept of linguistic iconicity and especially to the iconicity of sequence, which suggests that the order of individual forms in language should correspond to the actual order of experience they describe. In particular, I focused on temporal iconicity in complex sentences describing two consecutive events. The most crucial part of this work consists of an experiment based on artificial language learning. During the experiment, participants were presented a language allowing both iconic and non-iconic clause order in complex sentences, and then, based on the knowledge they had gained, produced their own complex sentences describing events they were shown illustrations of. I then examined what the prevalent sentence order in the answers was, which were the most common errors and in which situations they occurred. The results show a slight tendency towards the use of sentence orders which are in accord with the iconicity of sequence hypothesis. Key words: artificial language learning, iconicity, temporal sequence
|
|
|
Language trajectories of CODAs in the Czech Republic
Tylšová, Kateřina ; Hudáková, Andrea (advisor) ; Jehlička, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the language trajectories of CODA or hearing adults who have deaf parents (cf. e. g.: Preston, 1994; Bishop, Hicks, 2005; Moroe, 2019). The theoretical and methodological framework of this work is based on the research of Sherman and Homoláč (2014, 2021), who worked with the theory of language management and the method of language biographies. The focus of the work is a research survey with ten CODA adults (aged 20-60) living in the Czech Republic. The author conducted linguistic biographical interviews with all respondents, on the basis of which she compiled the language trajectories of each of the respondents and identified the so-called turning points in them. Subsequently, she tried to define turning points typical for Czech adult CODAs and to trace certain features that would allow the monitored CODAs to be divided into specific groups showing some common features in language biographies.
|
|
|
Spatial cognition of users of spoken Czech and Czech Sign Language: How cross-linguistic diversity affects non-linguistic thought
Jehlička, Jakub ; Chromý, Jan (advisor) ; Smolík, Filip (referee)
The thesis focuses on how different languages influence spatial cognition of their speakers, i. e., whether and how the differences in spatial language (linguistic representation of perspective, location, spatial scenes etc.) affect the non-linguistic spatial reasoning (orientation, spatial memory etc.). This issue has for a long time been a part of the studies of the relation between language and thouhgt under the flag of so called Sapir-Whorf hypothesis/Hypothesis of linguistic relativity. In the first half of the theoretical part of the thesis, I attempt to summarize the history of the concept of linguistic relativity since 1950s and to revise some critical claims about linguistic relativity by re-reading Whorf's works (chapter 2). The second half of the theoretical part (chapter 3) focuses in particular on the research of the interrelations between spatial thought and language. In section 3.1, I make a brief note on the notion of space in terms of cognitive linguistics. Section 3.2 provides an selective overview of the previous research of the crosslinguic spatial-cognitive diversity. Sections 3.3 and 3.4 connect the theoretical and the empirical part of the thesis. The research itself is presented in the chapter 4. It experimentally tests the hypothesis, that the language-specific...
|
|
|
Reflexive alternation in language processing by persons with aphasia
Suchý, Daniel ; Láznička, Michal (advisor) ; Jehlička, Jakub (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to design an experiment that researches how frequency of use and grammatical structure affect sentence comprehension in speakers with aphasia. An additional objective is to verify this design in an experiment on healthy speakers. Introduction to the topic of aphasia is pro- vided from a linguistic perspective, followed by a description of usage-based approach to aphasiology, which will be utilised in the practical part of this the- sis. The practical part of the thesis consists of a corpus-based research on the use of reflexive constructions in Czech, followed by an experiment that tests comprehension of such sentences in healthy speakers. Using corpus data, a set of experimental items that can be used to test the comprehension of reflexive sentences was created. The experiment verified that the healthy participants evaluate the grammaticality of these sentences as expected in the vast majority of cases. The results of the experiment show a weak effect of sentence struc- ture and no effect of frequency of use and verb lemma on comprehension. This indicates that healthy speakers find these sentences easy to process and that the design is valid. Based on these results, a design of an experiment that tests reflexive sentence comprehension in Czech speakers with aphasia is proposed. 1
|
|
|
Gesture and eventuality: a cross-linguistic study
Jehlička, Jakub ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Janda, Laura Alexis (referee) ; Hinnell, Jennifer (referee)
Mluvčí typologicky odlišných jazyků volí různé strategie při popisu stejné události v závislosti na dostupných jazykově-specifických gramatických prostředcích. Tyto strategie se projevují např. různými způsoby konceptualizace událostních rámců bě- hem jazykového vyjádření, ale v nejazykové kognici. Jedním z jevů, které byly v této souvislosti zaznemány, jsou jazykově specifické způsoby gestikulace doprovázející mluvené popisy událostí, které reflektují (či manifestují) tělesně ukotvená konceptuál- ní schémata, na nichž naše vnímání událostí stojí. Tématem této práce je multimodální konstruování (construal) událostí v češtině a v angličtině. Konkrétně se práce zaměřuje na spojitosti mezi formálními rysy gest (způsob pohybu a jeho zakončení) a sémantické rysy, které konstituují tzv. aspektuální kontury událostí (konstruování časového a kvalitativního průběhu události). První část prezentovaného výzkumu tvoří analýza materiálu z českého a anglického multimodální korpusu. Oba použité korpusy obsahují nahrávky spontánních pro- jevů v interakcích zachycených během pracovních jednání v akademickém prostředí. Kvantitativní analýzy (metoda tzv. klasifikačních stromů a náhodných lesů) ukázala, že a) v angličtině je významným prediktorem výskytu gest s rysem ukončenosti aktion- sartová kategorie achievement...
|
|
| |
|
|
The role of iconicity in the comprehension of temporal adverbial clauses: preparation of an aphasia research protocol
Petříková, Izabela ; Láznička, Michal (advisor) ; Jehlička, Jakub (referee)
This work is devoted to the preparation of an experiment that will examine the effect of iconicity on the understanding of subordinate temporal clauses with expressions předtím než and potom co in Czech for people with aphasia. The premise is that, as with children, iconic expressions will be easier for speakers with aphasia for cognitive processing than non-iconic ones. In order to properly prepare the experiment, it is first necessary to test it with neurotypical speakers of Czech. It is expected that the understanding of subordinate temporal clauses with given expressions will not be particularly affected by the iconic or non-iconic word order, and their answers to questions about stimulus sentences in the experiment will generally be correct. There were a total of 55 respondents. 10 of them were excluded because they either had difficulty reading or their mother tongue was not Czech. Part of the experiment was also the evaluation of the naturalness of sentence items. Each of the respondents responded to a total of 36 items, for which 1 of 4 conditions was randomly generated (AI, AF, BI, BF). From each condition, each respondent was assigned exactly 9 items. Based on the evaluation of the naturalness of individual items and their conditions, 8 items were excluded from the experiment, which will...
|
|
|
Genderlect in Czech Sign Language: sociolinguistic analysis of vocabulary
Šiková, Karolína ; Jehlička, Jakub (advisor) ; Nováková, Radka (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the topic of genderlect of genderlect in relation to sociolinguistics of the Czech Sign Language. Primarily, the existing approaches and research of this field are described, particularly the research applied to linguistics of various spoken and sign language. Secondly, the thesis investigates whether there are any gender language differences in Czech Sign Language through an analysis of elicited production of native speakers. The results confirm the existence of gender lexical and phonological sign variation. Furthermore, the differences in frequency of usage of certain linguistic means are revealed together with the difference in compositional style.
|
|
|
Spatial cognition of users of spoken Czech and Czech Sign Language: How cross-linguistic diversity affects non-linguistic thought
Jehlička, Jakub ; Chromý, Jan (advisor) ; Smolík, Filip (referee)
The thesis focuses on how different languages influence spatial cognition of their speakers, i. e., whether and how the differences in spatial language (linguistic representation of perspective, location, spatial scenes etc.) affect the non-linguistic spatial reasoning (orientation, spatial memory etc.). This issue has for a long time been a part of the studies of the relation between language and thouhgt under the flag of so called Sapir-Whorf hypothesis/Hypothesis of linguistic relativity. In the first half of the theoretical part of the thesis, I attempt to summarize the history of the concept of linguistic relativity since 1950s and to revise some critical claims about linguistic relativity by re-reading Whorf's works (chapter 2). The second half of the theoretical part (chapter 3) focuses in particular on the research of the interrelations between spatial thought and language. In section 3.1, I make a brief note on the notion of space in terms of cognitive linguistics. Section 3.2 provides an selective overview of the previous research of the crosslinguic spatial-cognitive diversity. Sections 3.3 and 3.4 connect the theoretical and the empirical part of the thesis. The research itself is presented in the chapter 4. It experimentally tests the hypothesis, that the language-specific...
|
|
|
Stanislaw Przybyszewski: the European modernist and the Czech "Moderní revue" in the context of the Czech and Polish reflections
Jehlička, Jakub ; Heczková, Libuše (advisor) ; Merhaut, Luboš (referee)
Our study intends to describe some features of literary encounters of the progressive group of Czech modernists affiliated with magazine Moderní revue (particularly Jiří Karásek ze Lvovic) and the Polish-German writer Stanislaw Przybyszewski in the last decade of the 19th century, focusing especially on Przybyszewski's conception of so called "Naked Soul", one of the earliest articulations of an idea, that human's psyche is fundamentaly unconscious - even before psychoanalysis. This study is an effort to set this conception in the wider context of an artistic Moderne in the space of Central and Northern Europe, philosphical background - and that means particularly Friedrich Nietzsche - and scientific movements emerged in the end of the 19th Century, which brought a new view on psychology, sexuality, gender etc.
|
guest ::
RSS feed.