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The latest information programs and initiatives of the EU
Jůzová, Michaela ; Vlasák, Rudolf (advisor) ; Hradilová, Jitka (referee)
The thesis deals with the topic of the Information Policy of the European Union. It is focused on the development, principles and strategic plans from the beginning of the 21st century to the present. The aim of the thesis is to characterize and evaluate the past and current information programs of the European Union. The thesis describes the Lisbon Strategy which was the first major document that defined the direction of the European Union. The next part of the text deals with the eEurope 2002 and eEurope 2005 and the related i2010. The main attention is paid to the current program of Europe 2020. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Multilingualism in information policies of selected international organizations: comparison of the approaches of the Council of Europe and of the European Union
Müllerová, Zuzana ; Hradilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kovaříková, Klára (referee)
Tématem práce je mnohojazyčnost v prostředí informační společnosti, zejména jak je reflektována na internetu. Pozornost je zaměřena na přístup dvou mezinárodních organizací k tomuto fenoménu, a to Rady Evropy (RE) a Evropské unie (EU). Cílem diplomové práce je porovnat politiky těchto organizací, vztahující se k tématu mnohojazyčnosti, a to hlavně v kontextu mnohojazyčného zpřístupňování informací na jejich internetových portálech. Větší pozornost je věnována problematice přístupu k právním informacím. Práce se zaměřuje zejména na vzájemnou komparaci portálů RE a EU, s ohledem na odlišnou roli těchto organizací. Prostor je také poskytnut základní charakteristice obou organizací. V širším kontextu je sledována i mnohojazyčnost na internetu z evropského hlediska s akcentem na roli minoritních a majoritních jazyků v internetovém prostředí. Pro lepší zasazení mnohojazyčnosti do rámce informační společnosti jsou nastíněny i některé teorie informační společnosti spolu s postojem RE a EU k tomuto tématu.
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Aplikace environmentální rastrovací elektronové mikroskopie (EREM) v oboru analýzy miniatur: metodika pro specifické použití ve výzkumu miniaturního malířství
Hradil, David ; Hradilova, Janka ; Neděla, Vilém ; Tihlaříková, Eva
The methodology deals with a completely new, unused procedure of non-invasive analysis of painted portrait miniatures, using environmental scanning electron microscope with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (ESEM-EDS). ESEM, unlike the conventional scanning electron microscope (SEM), allows the analysis of the painting on the ivory support, which is not possible in the gas pressure approaching the vacuum, where there is a risk of deformation and damage due to the drying of this biological material. Instead of an inert gas (nitrogen, argon), the aim is to use a mixture of nitrogen and water vapor at a defined pressure corresponding to the required relative humidity in the measuring chamber. This enables a completely non-invasive analysis of painted miniature objects on organic types of supports. This methodology is divided into two parts: morphological analysis and elemental composition analysis. The first case involves the study of morphological details at high magnification (e. g. the possibility of distinguishing different types of supports or characterizing their microstructure). The second part describes the implementation of elemental analysis in high spatial resolution (distinction of individual pigment grains).
Fulltext:  PDF; PDF
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Lead soaps in paintings: symptoms and the role of humidity
Garrappa, Silvia ; Švarcová, Silvie ; Kočí, Eva ; Hradilová, J. ; Bezdička, Petr ; Hradil, David
In this study, an overview of the symptoms of lead soaps reported in artworks in combination\nwith the study of the role of humidity on the formation of these degradation products have\nbeen thoroughly investigated. The use of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy\n(SEM) in combination with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) proved to be an\nefficient analytical approach to highlight both the saponified area of artworks’ samples and the\nformation of metal carboxylates within mock-up model systems. Optical microscopy revealed\nto be very useful for the first screening of samples embedded in resin, while SEM helped in\nthe detection and distribution of elements within the cross-sections. On the other hand, FTIR\nmicroscope proved to be a very powerful instrument for high-resolution point measurements\nperformed in the attenuated total reflection mode (ATR) mode with mercury-cadmium-telluride\n(MCT) detector, as well as for chemical imaging of larger area of both artworks’ and mock-up\nsamples performed in the ATR mode with focal plane arrays (FPA) detector. This study provides\nnew useful insights contributing to better understanding of factors affecting the paints‘ stability,\nwhich is neccesary for developing new efficient strategies for preservation and restoration of\nfatty-based painted artworks.
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Non-invasive material and traceological research of the stone head from Celtic settlement Závist near Prague
Cihla, M. ; Trefný, M. ; Drda, Petr ; Hradil, David ; Hradilová, J.
The sandstone head sculpture from the hillfort of Závist in the southern periphery of Prague has been subjected to a non-invasive survey by mechanoscopic and analytical approaches. A 3D model of a sculpture has been created using laser scanning and photogrammetry. A reconstruction of stonemason's working tools was derived from longitudinal and transversal sections of the traces on the head's surface. Further screening of the surface by handheld X-ray fluorescence identified increased contents of lead and tin suggesting a former intentional coloring of the sculpture's surface. Traces of gold could indicate that the surface was gilded. It was confirmed that the sculpture was originally not a part of a human figure, but was intended to represent only a self-standing head. The way of making as well as the nature of the original surface treatment has excluded the possibility that the stone head from Závist was a modern replica.
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Rebecca and Eliezer at the well a mysterious oil painting from the Historical Museum of the Slovak National Museum at the Bratislava Castle
Hradilová, J. ; Kližanová, H. ; Bezák, M. ; Holcová, K. ; Bezdička, Petr
Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis, X-ray powder micro-diffraction, infrared micro-spectrometry as well as palaeontological analysis have been applied in order to solve the question of provenance of the oil-on-canvas painting Rebecca and Eliezer at the well. In addition to the finding of pigments important for the dating of the painting, as, e.g. Naples yellow (Pb2Sb2O7), or smalt, fossil nannoplankton was described in the carbonate-rich clay ground. It indicates the use of marine sediments of Eocene to Oligocene age. According to mineralogical and paleontological data this ground may be included among grounds used in Italy, particularly in the 17th century. The studied painting is today greatly altered due to extensive reworkings. Prussian blue was used to overpaint faded ultramarine and degraded smalt, which is visibly affected by saponification processes.
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The origin issue of the head of John the Baptist from Tajov
Hradilová, J. ; Bezúchová, E. ; Hradil, David ; Šídová, K.
The significant work of art, the Head of John the Baptist from Tajov, from the Museum of Central Slovakia in Banska Bystrica, which is probably part of the works of Niclaus Gerhaert von Leiden (1420/30 - 1475), was subject to conservation as well as detailed material analysis - first using non-invasive methods (radiography computer tomography, X-ray fluorescence), then laboratory analysis of taken samples (elemental and phase analysis, analysis of organic binders, dendrochronology, radiocarbon dating). The specific painting technique was described. Gilding of the head was performed without any ground only on brown preparatory layer for oil gilding (mixtion), however, the incarnates with an oily binder did contain a light dolomitic ground layer. The blood drops painting employed madder lake including sheep wool shearlings. The work consists of two parts - the head and the bowl, which was understood not to be original. Both parts are made from poplar wood. The results of the dating indicate that the head was created in the second half of the 15th century. The bowl could have been added later, but no later than the beginning of the 16th century. Its inclusion may have happened (albeit it is less probable) in the 17th century, but any period of time after that can be ruled out. The original colouring of the bowl was different the earth pigments of specific composition used in the ground layer imitated terracotta - a clay bowl. Based on the location of the existing hanging points the head was probably on display occasionally in a vertical position with a slight bottom view of 45 degrees.
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The latest information programs and initiatives of the EU
Jůzová, Michaela ; Vlasák, Rudolf (advisor) ; Hradilová, Jitka (referee)
The thesis deals with the topic of the Information Policy of the European Union. It is focused on the development, principles and strategic plans from the beginning of the 21st century to the present. The aim of the thesis is to characterize and evaluate the past and current information programs of the European Union. The thesis describes the Lisbon Strategy which was the first major document that defined the direction of the European Union. The next part of the text deals with the eEurope 2002 and eEurope 2005 and the related i2010. The main attention is paid to the current program of Europe 2020. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Multilingualism in information policies of selected international organizations: comparison of the approaches of the Council of Europe and of the European Union
Müllerová, Zuzana ; Hradilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kovaříková, Klára (referee)
Tématem práce je mnohojazyčnost v prostředí informační společnosti, zejména jak je reflektována na internetu. Pozornost je zaměřena na přístup dvou mezinárodních organizací k tomuto fenoménu, a to Rady Evropy (RE) a Evropské unie (EU). Cílem diplomové práce je porovnat politiky těchto organizací, vztahující se k tématu mnohojazyčnosti, a to hlavně v kontextu mnohojazyčného zpřístupňování informací na jejich internetových portálech. Větší pozornost je věnována problematice přístupu k právním informacím. Práce se zaměřuje zejména na vzájemnou komparaci portálů RE a EU, s ohledem na odlišnou roli těchto organizací. Prostor je také poskytnut základní charakteristice obou organizací. V širším kontextu je sledována i mnohojazyčnost na internetu z evropského hlediska s akcentem na roli minoritních a majoritních jazyků v internetovém prostředí. Pro lepší zasazení mnohojazyčnosti do rámce informační společnosti jsou nastíněny i některé teorie informační společnosti spolu s postojem RE a EU k tomuto tématu.
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