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Contact Precautions in Nursing Care in Paediatric Patients with Acute Gastroenteritis
Kulinová, Eliška ; Trojánek, Milan (advisor) ; Jirkovský, Daniel (referee)
The bachelor's thesis on the topic "Barrier nursing regime in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis" deals with the use of certain principles in the prevention of the spread of acute diarrheal diseases as nosocomial infections. It focuses on the knowledge and habits of nurses providing nursing care for hospitalized children in the children's ward, emphasizing the importance of using personal protective equipment and overall compliance with the barrier nursing regime. Objective of the work: The aim of the work was to find out and evaluate the knowledge and attitude of nurses towards compliance with the barrier nursing regime. The aim of this bachelor's thesis was to find out whether respondents with a university education demonstrate greater knowledge and a stronger attitude towards compliance with set principles than respondents with a secondary education. The set of respondents was also compared according to age and length of practice. Sample and methods: The actual investigation took place in the form of a self- constructed questionnaire. Data collection took place in nine district-type hospitals throughout the Czech Republic. The research group consisted of 87 respondents. Results: Individual answers to each of the questions are described by a table or a picture, where the distribution...
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Insects as a model group of organisms for the research of knowledge about and attitudes to invertebrate animals
Jelínek, Filip ; Mourek, Jan (advisor) ; Janšta, Petr (referee)
This thesis is a literature review that aims to process the available literature on attitudes towards insects, knowledge about insects and the ways in which the perception of insects by humans can be influenced. In the chapters focused on attitudes towards insects, I show how the emotions of disgust and fear lead to negative views of insects and, conversely, how the perception of their beauty and importance promotes positive views of insects. In the knowledge section, I show how people confuse true information about insects with myths, inaccurately distinguishing between what is an insect and what is not, which insects are dangerous and which are not. In the last chapters, I present the literature that deals with the ways in which attitudes towards insects and knowledge about insects can be influenced. I deal with the effect of urbanization, experiential educational programs and the picture of insects in human culture, namely in language, poetry, fictional literature and fine arts
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Development of regulatory T cells and their role in autoimmune diseases
Tomicová, Kateřina ; Hadlová, Petra (advisor) ; Vašek, Daniel (referee)
T regulatory lymphocytes (Treg) are the basic cell population of the immune system. They play a role in suppression of immune responses, maintenance of homeostasis of the body and tolerance of its own tissues. Tregs develop in the thymus from bone marrow progenitors, similar to other T lymphocytes. At the same time, they also develop in the periphery from mature helper T lymphocytes due to the cytokines IL-2 and TGF-β. The key molecule that characterizes Treg is the transcription factor FOXP3 expressed in the nukleus. Other molecules typically found on the surface of Treg include the surface molecules IL-2RA, CTLA-4, ICOS, GITR, TIGIT and PD-1. FOXP3 is an essential molecule for Treg suppressive function and stability. Stability is ensured by hypomethylation and histone modifications of the FOXP3 gene. Deficiency of Treg cells can cause autoimmune diseases such as IPEX, APECED and DiGeorge syndrome, demonstrating the importance of these cells for proper immune function. Studying the mechanisms of Treg cell function and understanding how to maintain their stability is contributing to a large body of research that seeks to exploit their unique properties in therapies and treatments for autoimmune and cancer diseases. Treg cell therapy is developing in two main directions. The first focuses on the...
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Use and Comparison of Selected Activating Teaching Methods by Attitude Questionnaire at the High School
Chvojová, Valerie
The central theme of the thesis is activating teaching methods, of which eleven were selected and used for its research. Specifically, these were the following ones: brainstorming, guided discussion, snowball method, inquiry-based learning, I.N.S.E.R.T. method, work with text, concept map, mind map, critical thinking method, rounds and CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning). These selected activating teaching methods were compared according to how the students evaluated them through attitude questionnaires, which is determined as the main aim of the work. Attitude questionnaires were created from the IMI (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory) tool. In the attitude questionnaire, the students evaluated the individual teaching methods in scales of interest/pleasure, perceived competence, effort/importance, pressure/tension and value/usefulness. In the scale of interest/pleasure, the snowball method was the best evaluated by the pupils, in the perspective of perceived competence also the snowball method, in the effort/importance scale the CLIL method, in the scale of pressure/tension inquiry-based learning and in the scale of value/usefulness again the snowball method. For further evaluation of the results, an index of subjective evaluation of teaching methods was created. It showed that the best...
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Investigation of the role of the KEAP1-NRF2 antioxidant pathway in the therapy of secondary acute myeloid leukaemia
Myšáková, Michaela ; Pimková, Kristýna (advisor) ; Suttnar, Jiří (referee)
The development of therapy resistance is a long-standing problem in treating cancer, particularly in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), where the hypomethylating agent 5-azacytidine (AZA) is the first choice of treatment. To enhance therapeutic efficacy, AZA is often combined with other agents such as pevonedistat (Pevo), a NEDDylation inhibitor targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system. While initial results showed a synergistic effect of the AZA and Pevo combination in treating MDS and AML, dual resistance has been described, underlining the importance of understanding the mechanisms behind the resistance development. Our previous data demonstrated an essential role of redox homeostasis and antioxidant system represented by Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in AZA resistance. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)-NRF2 pathway is the master regulator of antioxidative defence in cells crucial for maintaining redox balance. However, hyperactivation of NRF2 has been implicated in therapy resistance and cancer progression. We hypothesised that NRF2 is crucial in MDS/AML therapy resistance, particularly in resistance to combined AZA and Pevo therapy. We worked with cells sensitive and resistant to AZA and Pevo and monitored...
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Motivation to exercise and healthy lifestyle in young adults
Doubravová, Petra ; Novotná, Klára (advisor) ; Táborská, Silvie (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Author: Petra Doubravová Supervisor: Mgr. Klára Novotná, Ph.D. Title: Motivation to exercise and healthy lifestyle in young adults Abstract: This theoretical and practical bachelor thesis deals with the topic of motivation to exercise and healthy lifestyle in young adults. The main aim of the thesis is to map the motivation to exercise and healthy lifestyle among young adults aged 20-40 years and their attitudes towards these areas. The theoretical part focuses on the issues of healthy lifestyle, exercise and movement recommendations within a lifestyle framework. An important part is the motivation for exercise and healthy lifestyle and its importance in physiotherapy. Finally, it marginally examines motivations for exercise and healthy lifestyle during the Covid-19 pandemic and the changes in habits caused by various arrangements. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data for the practical part. The questions in the questionnaire relate to the topic of lifestyle, physical activity and feelings associated with physical activity and there were 33 questions in total. They were constructed according to the studied literature and some questions were taken from the book "Motivating People to Be Physically Active" by Marcus and Forsyth from 2010. The questionnaire was created on the...
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Olfactory adaptations in the deep-sea fishes
Kamrla, Jaroslav ; Musilová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Stopková, Romana (referee)
The goal of this work was to summarize the present knowledge about olfaction in deep-sea fishes. The research on this topic is seldom, however, few interesting studies suggest the importance of olfaction in these inhospitable conditions. After a short introduction of how the olfaction works, individual description of deep-sea adaptations follows. Implications on the importance of a specific sense can be made based on comparisons between individual brain areas responsible for the input of each sense. The importance of individual senses was investigated in mesopelagic and demersal species. Ontogenetic shift in sensory importance is one of the adaptations. Furthermore, sexual dimorphism in the olfactory system. Enlarged olfactory organs in males are most likely responsible for easier localisation of a female. Regarding the olfactory receptor repertoire, a whole genome of a hadal fish from the Mariana trench marked a massive loss of olfactory genes but highlighted their specificity. My own data included in this thesis estimate the number of the olfactory genes in deep-sea fishes for which we lack the high-quality genome. The estimates (albeit with large confidence intervals) suggest rather smaller numbers of genes in most of the species, while there are some species with putatively expanded gene...
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Fathers in Czech families and households with a focus on caring fathers
Paučinová, Anetta ; Šťastná, Anna (advisor) ; Janáková Kuprová, Barbora (referee)
Fathers in Czech families and households with a focus on caring fathers Abstract The male role in the family and household has undergone a long evolution, accompanied by a number of changes in its status, until today, when we are faced with the requirement to exercise active fatherhood. A history of fatherhood is therefore included, highlighting the most important milestones in the development of the father's role - from the time when the only function of the male in the animal kingdom was reproductive, through patriarchal fathers, to the demand for equal involvement of men and women in childcare and the home, which is linked to caring, active or new fatherhood. Alongside this, relevant sociological research is presented that situates this topic within the societal issue of gender equality. Its importance is also discussed in the field of family policy, with the main concern being the equal distribution of unpaid work and the reconciliation of family and working life for both sexes. The family policy instruments that aim to achieve this are thus presented. One of these is parental leave, which was made available to both parents in 2001. Efforts to increase men's involvement in childcare through parental leave were supported in 2019 by a directive of the European Parliament and the Council, which mandated...
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Land estate yards in Podorlicko region in cartographic sources from the 18th to the 20th century
Langer, Matyáš ; Tůmová, Martina (advisor) ; Šantrůčková, Markéta (referee)
The Diploma Thesis deals with the topic of land estate yards, specifically the changes in the landscape in their surroundings and on their land in the period from the 18th to the 20th century. Its subject is one of interdisciplinary, historical-geographical studies, which brings new knowledge about the transformations of the historical landscape in the past using a specific and so far little-used type of historical source (economic maps of large estates). For this work, three land estate yards from the area of Podorlicko - the former Opočno estate - Podzámčí, Přepychy and Pulice were selected. For each of them, their brief history is summarized in the introduction, which is very important for spatial changes and their placement in the historical context. However, the main content of the work is the analysis and comparison of old maps of different scales, date and purpose of production, which are intended to place the above-mentioned changes during history in a spatial context. The main objectives of the work include identifying changes in the area of interest, their spatial delimitation and their justification in relation to historical development. Furthermore, to prove the differences in the spatial changes of the individual land estate yards, again based on the different historical development,...
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Psychomotor development of children born after intrauterine intervention for monochorionic twin complication.
Němcová, Hana ; Maulisová, Alice (advisor) ; Děchtěrenko, Filip (referee)
This thesis concerns psychomotor development of children born after intrauterine intervention for the complication of monochorionic twins. The aim of its empirical part is to examine a) if the development of 24-month-old children born after twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is within norms in individual domains, b) if it is even across individual domains and c) to find eventual predictors of their psychomotor development. In this retrospective cohort study, we used clinical data of 24 children which were gathered using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - third revision in Ústav pro péči o matku a dítě. The results of statistical analyses imply that the development of these children is delayed only in the domain of language, in which they also scored significantly lower than in the other domains. A significant negative relationship was found between the number of surviving fetuses, gestational week of intervention and scores in expressive language and gross motor. A significant predictor of gross motor with a negative effect is TTTS stage as well. Overall, the tested models explain substantial proportion of variance: 21 to 65% if the variable of mother is not considered and 74 to 99% if it is considered. Results of this study illustrate the importance of clinical follow-up of...
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