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Electoral System Choice in the Context of the Democratic Transition and Consolidation
Maděra, Milan ; Charvát, Jakub (advisor) ; Štefek, Martin (referee)
Electoral System Choice in the Context of the Democratic Transition and Consolidation Diploma thesis examines the influence of exogenous factors on motivation and preferences of electoral reform actors based on their power position and value-driven approach in Czechoslovakia. It deals with the relation among mode of transition, the electoral reform type and the electoral system type as outcome for the founding elections. It attempts to identify the difference of conditions for electoral system change during the democratic transition and the consolidation in Czechia; to compare their exogenous factors. It also examines which values were emphasized by electoral reform actors and which values were embodied by their preferred electoral systems. It classifies the type of electoral reform process. It also provides the overview of chosen electoral system parameters and evolution of its changes.
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The electoral system to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic
Charvát, Jakub ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Buben, Radek (referee)
The aim of this text is to analyse current electoral system to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic and its critics. Chapter one defines four main variables that are exclusively specific to list proportional representation systems - electoral district magnitude, electoral formula, legal threshold and the number and character of tier districting. Various combinations of these variables produce various proportionality of the representation authority. Chapter two presents descriptive analysis of the current electoral system to the Chamber of Deputies, by means of four main variables and a secondary variable - character of list of candidates (ballot structure). Chapter three is pointing to some of the critics of the current electoral system. In chapter four, there I present my project how to reform current electoral system. These changes are likely to have minimal effect on the electoral behaviour of voters and political parties. I propose: to modify the number of electoral districts from current fourteen to nine (by means of combination current small electoral districts), modification of the process of preferential voting (four preferential votes for each voter instead of current two votes and variable threshold for being elected by means of preferential voting from four to five per...
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Nature as Myth
Charvát, Jakub ; Češka, Jakub (advisor) ; Skovajsa, Marek (referee)
What exactly do we mean by "nature"? What do people expect from "nature"? And how has our understanding of it changed? The M.A. thesis "Nature as Myth", using Barthe's two-tiered system of signs and myths as a methodological tool, attempts to answer these questions through an examination of various historical and literary sources. The thesis has a chronological structure, consisting of four parts: 19th century, 1918-1938, 1938-1989, and from 1989 until the present. It focuses on fiction, memoir, and the history of "back to nature" movements. It also deals with environmental and aesthetic issues. The last section touches on the representation of nature in advertisement. The thesis will demonstrate that in all four of the time periods the most common depiction of nature is as a place of escape - both literally and figuratively. key words: nature, hiking, tramping, scouting, woodcraft, recreation in the cabins and cottages, ecology
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How to refort the electoral system for the czech chamber of deputies? Analysis of current electoral system and reform options
Charvát, Jakub ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Just, Petr (referee)
The aim of this study is to analyse a proposal of bill of electoral reform for electoral system to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic, and especially by the Czech government prefered so-called Greek variant, and to show its weaknesses. The main problem of this proposals is, according to the author of this study, the bonus for the winner of electoral competition. By using the analysis of current electoral system the author tries to prove that the more important in the Czech political reality is the proportionality of electoral results than the bonus for winning political party. In the end, author presents his project to reform the current electoral system. These changes are likely to have minimal effect on the electoral behaviour of voters and political parties. This proposal modifies the number of electoral districts from current fourteen to nine (by means of combination of current small electoral districts), it also modifies the process of preferential voting (four preferential votes for each voter and variable threshold for being elected by means of preferential voting between four and five per cent, depending on electoral district magnitude) and aborts additive legal threshold for electoral coalitions. This project may produce more proportional electoral results than the...
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Campaign of SPD and Trikolóra on social networks in the regional elections 2020
Ullsperger, Adam ; Just, Petr (advisor) ; Charvát, Jakub (referee)
This Diploma thesis deals with the campaign of the two political parties SPD and Trikolóra on social media networks before regional elections in 2020. It strives to show the form and the differences of the pre election campaign of these two political parties two weeks before the elections on Facebook, YouTube, Twitter and Instagram. The theoretical part shows the way we can classify the political parties with the cleavages, describes the chosen social media platforms and answers why these four specific platforms had been chosen. It narrates the characteristics of the regional elections with the second-order elections theory and defines negative campaign. The practical part of the thesis draws attention to the political situation in the Czech Republic in autumn 2020, because the regional elections were affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. This part describes SPD and Trikolóra, their history, electoral achievements, defines the election program of these two parties and their similarities. The next chapter includes the quantitative analysis of the social media platforms of SPD and Trikolóra which is supplemented by the qualitative analysis describing the content of the posts. The conclusion of the thesis compares the data of the two parties and provides the campaign differences.
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Peristaltic Pump Controll Unit
Charvát, Jakub ; Kopečný, Lukáš (referee) ; Ligocki, Adam (advisor)
The work deals with the problematic of peristaltic pumps and it collects theoretical background information of this topic. The primary goal of the work is the implementation of peristaltic pump and the implementation of protection against equipment damage by overpressure. The overpressure evaluation system in this thesiss on the principle of current measurement of the motor pump. In this work, this premise is successfully tested and applied to the device. Another goal of this work is to create a desktop application that will monitor and control the pump. he data between the application and the device were successfully transfered by the MQTT communication protocol. The communication between the computer and the pump has been tested successfully.
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Discussions on News Articles on social Networks
Rozsypalová, Blanka ; Charvát, Jakub (advisor) ; Jirků, Jan (referee)
The thesis focuses on discussions under news articles shared by news servers on the social network Facebook. The aim of this work is to summarize the existing understanding of the topic. Therefore, theoretical concepts connected to the topic are summarized. The thesis focuses on communication, online communication and the presence of news servers on social networks, as well as on the topic of anonymity on social networks and how anonymity can affect discussions. A chapter of the thesis focuses on the spiral of silence and its possible occurrence in discussions. Further, the thesis focuses on the freedom of speech as well as the new ways social networks are trying to fight disinformation and hate online. The empirical part focuses on how Facebook users view the use of social networks by news servers. Another part of the thesis focuses on a group of volunteers called #jsmetu. This group tries to make sure discussions are factual and are free from personal attacks and vulgarity. Three discussions are analysed - discussions #jsmetu took part in. The thesis investigates the influence #jsmetu has on discussions. Due to the topic of the thesis being a very current one, the thesis suggests more areas for further research.
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Partisanship and Political or Opinion Bias in Western Media
Šimek, Jan ; Just, Petr (advisor) ; Charvát, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor thesis explores the question of explicit and implicit opinion bias of mass media in the Czech Republic, the Great Britain, and the USA. The first section of this work is dedicated to a brief historical development of media as a party in the public debate, with focus on the 20th and 21st century. This is followed by an analysis and media reflection of the dividing topics in the selected time frame and a closer inspection upon the journalistic scenes in the selected countries regarding their political and opinion biases. The main core of this work is an analysis of the selected media's attitudes towards principal topics of political and societal reality in each country.
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Electoral System Choice in the Context of the Democratic Transition and Consolidation
Maděra, Milan ; Charvát, Jakub (advisor) ; Štefek, Martin (referee)
Electoral System Choice in the Context of the Democratic Transition and Consolidation Diploma thesis examines the influence of exogenous factors on motivation and preferences of electoral reform actors based on their power position and value-driven approach in Czechoslovakia. It deals with the relation among mode of transition, the electoral reform type and the electoral system type as outcome for the founding elections. It attempts to identify the difference of conditions for electoral system change during the democratic transition and the consolidation in Czechia; to compare their exogenous factors. It also examines which values were emphasized by electoral reform actors and which values were embodied by their preferred electoral systems. It classifies the type of electoral reform process. It also provides the overview of chosen electoral system parameters and evolution of its changes.
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Polish Party System 1989-2016: A Case of Polarization
Koubek, Jiří ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Just, Petr (referee) ; Charvát, Jakub (referee)
Polish Party System 1989-2016: A Case of Polarization Abstract The dissertation thesis analyses the Polish party system focusing particularly on the issues of polarization and anti-communism. The analysis is partially carried out in comparative perspective, especially in exploring anti-communism. Throughout the post-transition period, Poland has been displaying high levels of polarization, without any substantial link to the fragmentation of the party system. Seeking the sources of the polarizing tensions, the thesis has identified the construction of language of politics, as well as historicising and identity- based understanding of political divisions in Poland. The thesis specially focuses on the issue of anti-communism, as a key factor in creating and launching various polarizing impulses. The periodization of the Polish party system developments, as well as its categorization as a case of Satori's polarized pluralism is also proposed in the text. Key words: party system, Poland, polarization, anti-communism, fragmentation, alternation, competition, cleavages, dimensions of competition
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