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Co-operation and Competition between Czech Christian-Democratic Parties since 1989
Schrötter, Pavel ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Koubek, Jiří (referee)
Czech society is described as the least religious society in Europe. Its historic background does not predispose any explicitly Christian political party to gain more than limited electoral success. Nevertheless, the situation arose at the turn of 19th century, and again during the period 1989 to 1996, in which several Christian-democratic parties were competing in the Czech party-political spectrum. This dissertation focuses on the development of, and mutual relationships (cooperation and competition) between, the Czech Christian-democratic parties after the reestablishment of a multi-party political system in Czechoslovakia (or the Czech Republic) in 1989. The author of this dissertation questions if it is possible to consider the simultaneous existence of two Christian-democratic parties in the period 1989-1996 as a genuine manifestation of two representations of the same ideology within one partypolitical system. And if yes, then what were the reasons behind such heterogeneity within this Christian-democratic 'family' and why wasn't this heterogeneity resolved by the integration of these two parties? Apart from the Czechoslovakian People's Party (renamed after 1991 to the Christian and Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party), as the traditional representative of the Czech Christian-democratic...
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Občanské fórum in Slaný
Horáková, Michaela ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Štefek, Martin (referee)
The object of this study is the creation, activity and termination of Občanské fórum (OF) in the central Bohemia city Slaný. The OF in Slaný was established after the general strike on 27th November 1989 at home of one of the founders. Other OF were created spontaneously in the workplace and in schools and gradually merged into the urban OF. In the early days the dialogue was the priority, members of OF Slaný called for discussion by their deputies in the local national committee. The main objective is to clarify the activities of OF and its influence on events in Slaný in November and the days following. Many different people with different interests, motivations and desires came and left the OF. And it influenced his future direction and impact on the political scene in Slaný. Without the establishment of the OF it would be more difficult to put pressure on city officials to allow access to the administration for the non-communist parties. The parties and movements have been isolated. The OF was able to unify the parties and joint efforts have produced results. The functions of the OF were primarily informational, coordination and control. Strategy that both parties (the Communist Party and Občanské fórum) chose was a compromise. It took place the so-called round table and finding the program...
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Negotiations and processes of dividing of the Czechoslovak Federation
Vodsloň, Ondřej ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Buben, Radek (referee)
Themes of this thesis are negotiations and processes leading to the division of Czechoslovak federation. At the beginning this work describes common history of Czechoslovakia till the year 1989. This part of the thesis is primarily focused on problems and common issues of both nations present in Czechoslovakia. There is also brief analysis of national policy towards other nations. Second part of the beginning is dealing with the political history of Czechoslovakia between November 1989 and June 1992. This part describes in detail the biggest difficulties both nations had to solve. Special attention is paid to the "dash-war", dispute about competence between republics and federation, negotiations about state agreement and constitutions. From the opening analysis results, that till the election in June 1992 was achieving a compromise between both nations difficult but still possible. Next part of this thesis describes its main theme, the negotiations between political elites of ODS and HZDS, rule parties elected in the year 1992. In this detail interpretation of conferences is revealed role of each of the main politicians involved in the process of the partition, starting with problematic role of Václav Havel, who unwillingly but significantly contributed to the division, continuing with uncompromising...
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Transformation of the KSČ/M since 1989
Roleček, Hynek ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Buben, Radek (referee)
The process of transformation of the Czechoslovak Communist Party (KSČ) and its successor the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM) since November 1989 is a unique example of incomplete transformation of the communist party into the non-communist party. The core of this process was the development of the KSČ and the KSČM in 1989-1996. The party following a change in the political system saves in the first free elections in 1990. The party searches possibilities of changes, which culminates into internal referendum in 1991- 1992, when the majority decides to keep the original labelling. The decisive point of the whole process is Congress in Prostějov in June 1993 when the winning faction prevents the radical change and preserves the party. Despite the strong party fission, which creates a lot of non-communist parties, the KSČM may rely on the solid core of voters in the elections of 1996. It is a signal for the party that the trend starting by KSČM consolidates positions, even offers other options for strengthening.
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Comparison of contemporary Spanish nationalisms: dangerous separatism or pattern of European regionalism?
Brož, Filip ; Buben, Radek (advisor) ; Bureš, Jan (referee)
Spain is not composed with only one nation, it is indeed a multinational state, which is thus logically homeland for many nationalisms and nationalism-related problems. First, I analyze the historical causes of the emergence of nationalisms in the Basque country, Catalonia and Galicia. These causes are the regionalistic tradition of Spain combined with proper attributes of each of these regions, such as economical power, different language and culture and historical experience with self government in the case of Catalonia, distinct "race" and attractive mythology in the case of the Basque country and again, proper language and culture in the case of Galicia, accentuated with their Celtic origins. 67 Second, I analyze the democratic transition from a nationalistic point of view: the constitution of 1978 permitted a strong decentralization and the construction of a state of autonomies. That gave a relative satisfaction to nationalisms but new problems are appearing. Third, I consider nationalisms within the framework of parties and party systems: each of the three regions has a moderate nationalistic party, which is often dominant in its respective region, but their moderate character is often a pragmatic one, moreover Catalonia and especially the Basque country have relevant radical parties. As a conclusion,...
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Theory and practices of the system of regional self-government in the Czech Republic - the South Moravian region (a case study)
Caletka, Stanislav ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Valeš, Lukáš (referee)
My graduation thesis deals with the theory and practices of regional self- government units in the Czech Republic. It analyses its functions as they were drawn up at the turn of millennium. The graduation thesis consists of two parts. The first theoretical part deals with the function of regional self-government units in general. After a brief description of the history of these units on the Czech territory - with focus on discussions on the establishment of higher self-governmental units in the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic after 1993 - a theoretical framework of the regional self-government units is described in the chapters and sub-chapters. I discuss the problems of functions and competences of regional bodies (the Regional Assembly, the Regional Committee, the President and the Regional Services) and relations among them. The information resources of the first part were especially the Law No 129/2000 Coll. on regional self-government units and a number of scientific publications of legal and political science literature. In addition, there are discussed tasks of regional elections according to the Law No 130/2000 Coll. on elections to the regional assemblies and in respect of results of regional elections in 2000 and 2004. Currently, the chapter focused on regional...
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Characteristics of Slobodan Miloševič's regime in Serbia
Lazarevič, Uroš ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Buben, Radek (referee)
Koncem 80. a začátkem 90. let minulého století, v souvislostí s politickou a ekonomickou krizí Sovětského svazu, došlo ve komunistických státech střední a východní Evropy k dramatickým změnám, které ve většině případu vedly k pádům komunistických vlád a nastolení demokracie. V nových podmínkách, které často provázel chaos, stejně tak jako politické a ekonomické vakuum po pádu komunistického režimu, si však většina někdejších evropských satelitů Sovětského bloku našla svou cestu k nastolení demokracie, vlády zákona a ekonomickému rozvoji. V některých případech to byla cesta velmi tmtitá, plná hledání a omylů, v konečném důsledku však vedla k úspěšné transformaci komunistických společností v moderní evropské demokratické státy. Dramatický rozpad Jugoslávie a občanská válka v Chorvatsku a Bosně však zavedla většinu bývalých jugoslávských republik na zcela jinou cestu. Pád komunismu, se všemi politickými a ekonomickými důsledky, a znovuzrození nacionalistických vášní vedly, především v Srbsku a Chorvatsku, k vzestupu nových vůdců, Slobodana Miloševiče a Franjy Tudjmana. Ti se stali otci zakladateli zvláštních a přitom sobě velmi podobných režimů, které byly, dle rozdělení Juana Linze, kombinací autoritářství, některých prvků sultanismu, a demokracie. Právě režim Slobodana Miloševiče se v době bombardování...
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Process of transformation inside KSČ in the period 1987-1989
Štefek, Martin ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Buben, Radek (referee)
Změny uvnitř Komunistické strany Československa v letech 1987-1989. Časové vymezení práce není a ani nemůže být striktní. Přesněji by se mělo jednat o situaci v KSČ v druhé polovině osmdesátých let, tedy v období, kdy v zemích východního bloku počaly hospodářské a politické změny, které neminuly ani ČSSR. Protože se chci zabývat především programovými a zejména personálními změnami ve vedení KSČ, stanovil jsem v názvu práce hraniční roky 1987-1989. Právě v roce 1987 došlo ve vedení strany k výměně na postu nejvyšším, kdy post generálního tajemníka ústředního výboru KSČ (ÚV KSČ) opustil prezident republiky Gustáv Husák. Počínaje listopadem toho roku výměny na postech v předsednictvu ústředního výboru (PÚV) pokračovaly dále. Během dvanácti měsíců se jedenáctičlenné PÚV (jehož členové až na výjimky straně vládli od roku 1969 resp. 1971) proměnilo téměř k nepoznání. Personální a programové změny se děly na pozadí událostí předešlých, nebudeme se tedy omezovat přísně rokem 1987. Přesně naopak by tomu mělo být v případě druhého hraničního letopočtu - roku 1989. Je jasné, že jsem si toto badatelské téma nezvolil náhodně pouze k technické analýze pohybu funkcionářů v rámci struktur politické strany. Popisovaná perioda je obdobím, ve kterém dochází k zajímavému vnitropolitickému i mezinárodnímu pohybu. Moje práce...
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The Czech election campaigns development analysis: a case of elections in years 1996 and 2006
Antal, Stanislav ; Hartl, Jan (advisor) ; Bureš, Jan (referee)
The main theme of this work is a development of Czech election campaigns. Specifically this work is about election campaigns in years 1996 and 2006. Is the development of Czech election campaigns considerable enough that we could compare them to campaigns in the west countries? One criterion of western campaigns is a concept of a m arketing oriented party. Jenifer Lees-Marshment is an author of this concept. Lees-Marshment defines in contemporary election campaigns three types of political parties: product-oriented party, sales-oriented party and m arket-oriented party. M arket-oriented party (MOP) is different in a way of creating its political platform. The political platform is based on identification of public interests. M arket-oriented party concentrates on satisfying its voters. For this purpose the party is using extensive marketing methods. MOP reacts to its voters preferences and consults them among the whole party. If the strategy is accepted the party creates a final political platform. In 1996 elections we can only find product oriented parties. Political parties were creating their political platforms as a final product without asking voters what their desires were. Although campaigns were organized professionally there were no professional political consultants. Situation was progressively...
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Development assistance in sub-Saharan Africa - a success?
Dědinová, Nikola ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Polášek, Martin (referee)
"Chudoba1 znamená mít hlad, nemít střechu nad hlavou. Chudoba znamená nemoci chodit do školy a nikdy nemít příležitost se naučit číst a psát. Chudoba také znamená nemít práci, žít ze dne na den v neustálých obavách z příštího rána. Chudoba znamená, že vaše dítě zemřelo na infekci z nakažené vody. A především žít v chudobě znamená žít v bezmoci a nesvobodě. Chudoba má mnoho podob. V každé části světa je jiná a mnoho se o ní napsalo."2 I když se o ní už napsalo mnoho, rozhodla jsem se i já, že o ní napíšu. Tématem této práce je rozvojová pomoc v subsaharské Africe a její úspěšnost. Na počátku 21. století má zásadní význam problém odstraňování chudoby a potřeba udržitelného rozvoje. Tento problém se musí řešit v kontextu stále globalizovanějšího, vzájemně závislejšího a měnícího se světa. Rozvojové problémy a procesy jsou složité a nelze je redukovat najedno nebo několik málo správných řešení. A to zvláště platí o chudobě v subsaharské Africe. Protože mezi faktory, které chudobu způsobují nebo zhoršují a které patří i k jejím důsledkům patří hlad a podvýživa, šíření infekčních nemocí jako HIV/AIDS, tubera, malárie, omezený přístup ke vzdělání, zdravotní péči, kvalitní vodě, diskriminace podle pohlaví, vyznání, vládní korupce, občanské války, vojenské převraty. Díky těmto faktorům se dostává subsaharská Afrika...
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