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Impact of Arches and Acral Parts of Upper Limbs in Prop up Position on Coactivation of Muscle Chains - Pilot Study
Ballýová, Monika ; Špringrová, Ingrid (advisor) ; Bitnar, Petr (referee)
Bibliografický záznam BALLÝOVÁ, Monika. Impact of Arches and Acral Parts of Upper Limbs in Prop up Position on Coactivation of Muscle Chains - Pilot Study. Prague: Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation and Sports, 2016, 70 p., Supervisor: PhDr. Ingrid Palaščáková Špringrová, Ph.D. Abstract The Acral Coactivation Therapy, based on neurophysiology, is a method the principle of which consists in propping up on acral parts of the limbs with the aim to coactivate ventral and dorsal muscle chains in order to center the root joints and to straighten the axial skeleton subsequently. The practical part of the thesis is aimed at verification of the Acral Coactivation Therapy principles. Two groups of individuals were objects of the research: mountaineers and general population. Normal arches of upper limbs statistically prevailed in the group of the mountaineers, which proves the impact of regular physical activity on musculoskeletal system and its function. Surface electromyography recorded the impact of correction of the acral part on change in muscular activity. The results of the electromyographic measurement showed the same trends in muscular activity changes as the outcomes resulting from the Acral Coactivation Therapy. Statistically, the most substantial changes were...
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Monitoring of the impact of external load on activity of shoulder girdle muscles during abduction in scapular plane.
Knorová, Kateřina ; Čech, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Bitnar, Petr (referee)
Master's thesis "Monitoring of the impact of external load on activity of shoulder girdle muscles during abduction in scapular plane." is focused on changes of muscle activation pattern in response to increase of strength demands. Theoretical part begins by review of the prevailing theoretical work regarding the adaptaion of neural and musculoskeletal systems to training and differences in its outcome due to various parameters of exercise. Last chapter discusses the principles of coordiantion- strength functional reserve. Experimental part consists of an electromyographic study following a pilot study executed in 2012. The subject of this study were changes in onset time and peak activity time of five shoulder girdle muscles in three model situations: A) without external loads, B) with light load (1kg) and C) with excessive load (3-10kg). The results demosntrate different pattern of muscle activation in situation with excessive load in comparison to situations witout loads and with light load. The difference of the patterns was demonstrated in both parameters (onset time and peak activity time) and reached significant values. Based on these data, we claim, that there is a top borderline of the coordination-strength functional reserve in between the light and excessive loads that we chose, and that...
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The intervention of physiotherapy in the treatment of dysarthria after stroke
Nováková, Kateřina ; Bitnar, Petr (advisor) ; Roubíčková, Lenka (referee)
Stroke is the most comman cause of the speech disorders in adults. Dysarthria, as a motor speech disorder, is one of them. The treatement is based not only on vocal and articulatory exercices, but it requires the complex rehabilitation treatement. The benefit of the physiotherapeutic intervention beside speech therapy might be large. The treatement of the muskuloskeletal system allows to see the orofacial disorders in the context of the posture of the whole body. This work wants to make a view on the process of speech production and to describe relationship of the musculoskeletal system and speech. This work also summarises the basic informations about pathogenesis of dysarthria and particularly about the treatement. The swallowing disorders are also very comman complication of the stroke and occur very often with dysarthria. The aim of this work is to describe the specific role of the physiotherapy in the treatement of dysarthria and look for some possibility of the cooperation between physiotherapist and clinical speech therapiste. The form of the work is the research with case history. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Influence of postural stability changes on respiratory muscle strenght
Dařinová, Jitka ; Bitnar, Petr (advisor) ; Čakrt, Ondřej (referee)
The presented thesis is focused on the influence of postural stability changes on respiratory muscle strength. The aim of this thesis was to determinate whether the respiratory muscle strength will change during the increased demands on postural stability, and if so, then how exactly. The theoretical part summarized the findings about the diaphragm and its postural stabilizing function, about the connection between breathing and postural control as well as about the influence of body position on respiratory muscle strength. In the practical part of the thesis, the values of the maximal respiratory mouth pressures were measured (PI max and PE max) on 21 healthy subjects ranging from 20 to 26 years of age using the spirometer in three postural situations - standing, standing on the balance surface and standing on the balance surface with no visual control. Throughout the whole group, there were no significant statistical differences ( p ≥ 0,05 ) in the outcome values of the measured postural situations. Two trends were observed in the changes of values of PI max and PE max. During the increased demands for postural stability the value of PI max was higher for 29% and lower for 71% of the measured individuals. The value of PE max was higher for 33% and lower for 67% of the measured individuals. This...
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Respiratory muscle strenght during water immersion - spirometical experiment.
Kmeťová, Anna ; Bitnar, Petr (advisor) ; Šulc, Jan (referee)
Our study focuses on the connection between existence of a punctum fixum (or point of support) and respiratory muscle strength. Respiratory muscles execute both respiratory and postural function. Therefore, their strength defines both of these functions. We summarize contemporary knowledge about respiratory and postural functions of the respiratory muscles, their interactions and the connection to postural stability. We used a spirometry assesment of maximal respiratory pressures (PImax and PEmax). The values of PImax (PEmax respectively) retrieved in stance and during water immersion without stable support were compared. We found statistically significant differences. PImax was lower in the water immersion situation (p=0,0009; p≤0,05) and so was PEmax (p=0,0076; p≤0,05). Regarding the results, we suppose a significant influence of punctum fixum presence/absence on maximal respiratory muscle strength. Possible reasons are discussed.
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Analysis of urine after dynamic load with mean attention on tubular markers
Hrstková, Vladěna ; Procházka, Michal (advisor) ; Bitnar, Petr (referee)
The main focus of our research was to compare changes in ion excretion in urine, osmolality, indicators of exercise-induced proteinuria and tubular markers before and after dynamic exercise on a bicycle ergometer. The test sample consisted of 7 healthy, physically active women aged 27.4 years ( σ = 3.82 ). For dynamic exercise we uniformly set parameters 65 % VO2max and duration of load in 50 minutes. We compared the laboratory results of urine samples taken just before the exercise with urinary samples that we have collected immediately after exercise. The results of our measurements showed a significant changes in exercise-induced urinary sodium ions, creatinine and phosphorus. Statistically insignificant changes excretion was found between markers: chlorine, urine, osmolality, and N-acetyl-beta- d-glucosaminidase. These markers, however, show a trend the significance. Statistically insignificant changes after exercise have shown excretion of urinary markers: potassium, gelatinase-associated lipocalin, neutrophil microalbuminuria and alpha-1-microglobulin. Tubular markers of kidney damage after exercise is not at the reference values, that would indicate the tubular kidney damage.
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Changes in perception of subjective vertical in cerebrovascular accident patients
Kříž, Petr ; Čakrt, Ondřej (advisor) ; Bitnar, Petr (referee)
Cerebro-vascular accident often affects parts of brain responsible for spatial orientation. Optimal integration of afference from visual, somatosensory and vestibular system is necessary for maintaining balance and often in the end for the functional indepencence of the patient. Examination of subjective vertical is a sensitive signifier for spatial orientation and the ability to discern graviception. By using clinical examination of subjective visual vertical it is possible to objectify and quantify graviception disorder excluding visual context. Current level of understanding in this field is briefly summarized in theoretical part of this study. In practical part subjective visual vertical examination by bucket-method was for statistically comparison of 29 patients after a cerebro- vascular accident with 34 healthy seniors. Hypotheses about the influence of a side of a lesion and a time elapsed since the lesions were also tested. The study concludes that the perception of verticality in patients after cerebro- vascular accident can be severely affected. Additionally, the study highlights the reliability of examination of patients after cerebro-vascular accident using clinically practical bucket-method.
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Influence of aging on postural stability in different servical spine position.
Zelený, Matěj ; Čakrt, Ondřej (advisor) ; Bitnar, Petr (referee)
The quality of sensory information which is necessary for balance and postural stability is changing throughout aging. It is closely related to increasing cases of injury caused by fall of elderly people. The aim of the diploma thesis is to explain the effect of age to the postural stability especially during varied cervical spine positions. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with a control of balance, role of vision, vestibular and somatosensory system, influence of static and dynamic movements of cervical spine to postural control. Within the experimental part we carried out a posturographic examination of standing stability in two groups of healthy people varying age. The destabilization effect was objectify by measurement of the average velocity of center of pressure during upright head position, extension of cervical spine and theirs dynamic movements in sagittal plane. The extension of cervical spine increases difficulty of performance certain posturographic tests and it is used in unrevealed compensated deficits of stability. This unusual position causes falls in elder people. Destabilization effect is expected within increasing speed of the sagittal movement of the cervical spine during examination of dynamic locomotion. Control of stability and head orientation might be used for...
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Influence of physical activity on postural balance of children
Bechyňák, Václav ; Čakrt, Ondřej (advisor) ; Bitnar, Petr (referee)
The aim of this study is to investigate influence of physical activity on postural balance of children (12 - 15 years old). Method is measurment of postural balance on stabilometric desc in differently challenging positions. Three groups are tested (biathletes, oarsmen and control group), each in count 15 - 20 probands. We expect, young biathletes will have better postural stability than oarsmen and control group thanks to specific training. Keywords Postural balance, static balance, biathlon, rowing, sport, children, laterality, bipedal stance, unipedal stance
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The effect of kinesiotaping on postural control of stance
Havlová, Michaela ; Bitnar, Petr (advisor) ; Čech, Zdeněk (referee)
Postural stability is necessary for all human activities. Management od postural control is provided especially by central nervous system. For management are essential afferent information from vestibular, visual and somatosensory system. Modification of any of these inputs could have influence postural stability. Changes of exteroceptive perception can be achieved by the application of kinesio tape. Kinesiotaping is currently very popular therapeutic method, which is attributed to the wide range of effects. In the theoretical part of this thesis are described these effects, including the results of scientific studies that are engaged in verify the effects. Experimental part of this thesis was focused on the objectification of any changes of postural stability after application of kinesio tape on dorsal and ventral side of the trunk in healthy individuals without injury or other disorders. For the examination were used two tests of Balance Master® System, the modified clinical test of sensory interaction on balance and the test limits of stability. The results were satistically evaluated at the level α = 0.05. Due to kinesio tape were observed no siginificant changes in the mean sway velocity of center of gravity. There were also found no significant changes of parameters that evaluate the transmission of...
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