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Documentation of flood events on Czech rivers at the end of the 18th and in the 19th century, based on the oldest hydrological measurements
Munzar, Jan ; Ondráček, Stanislav ; Elleder, L.
Disregarding the old flood marks, we can consider the beginning of hydrological measurements on Czech watercourses to be occasional observations made by prof. A. Strnad on the Vltava (Moldau) River in Prague in the 1780s where he watched the extreme water levels from his observatory in the Klementinum by using binoculars. The beginning of regular observations in our country is usually considered the measurement on the Vltava R. in Prague dated 1825, which is however somewhat disputable (as far as our knowledge goes, regular measurements are documented only two years later). Nevertheless, the authors succeeded in finding evidence about water level observations on the Odra River in Bohumín already from year 1820, which lasted respectable sixty years on the Austrian-Prussian section of the watercourse. The paper is focused namely on the analysis and evaluation of their half-forgotten results.
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The Jihlava River floodplain transformation on 1 April 2006 winter flood at Ivančice and Dolní Kounice.
Hrádek, Mojmír
The winter flood culminating on 1 April 2006 at Ivančice was generated by fast thawing of extremely thick snow cover which was accompanied by rain. The course of the flood in reach of the valley between Ivančice and Dolní Kounice was documented and a strong influence of dam reservoir of Dalešice of runoff in the Jihlava R. confirmed. The geomorphic effectiveness of the flood was not so big, nevertheless traces of erosion arisen by share stress of flood overbank flow and spectrum of depositional forms of slackwater from the end of flood was found. Features of founded geomorphic effects have been compared with that ones of the historical floods. An attempt to date some of erosional channels with floods from the years 1862 or 1876 has been made.
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The Central-European record precipitation and floods in Central Europe at the end of July 1897
Munzar, Jan ; Ondráček, Stanislav ; Elleder, L.
In 2007 we have commemorated the 10th anniversary of the natural disaster in July 1997, which affected a number of countries in Central Europe. In the Czech Republic it was the "flood of the century". A certain analogy was an extreme event which was recorded exactly a hundred years ago, in the summer of 1897, i.e. already before 110 years. While the then hitherto records of multiday total precipitation amounts were broken in July 1997, the 1-day amount of 345.1 mm measured on the Nová Louka station in the Jizerské hory Mts. on 29 July 1897 was not beaten. It is therefore the Czech -and most likely also at least the Central-European- record until there days. The extreme rains in the summer of 1897 resulted in high water which affected a considerable part of Central Europe. In the territory of the today’s Czech Republic the floods occurred namely in the Upper Labe (Elbe) R. Basin.
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Cause and consequences of destructive floods in time of upland colonisation in 13. a 14. Century
Hrádek, Mojmír
Villages originated during medieval coloniozation of uplands in 13. and 14. Century were affected by floods from heavy rainfalls. Some of them or their parts were demaged. Attention was devoted to analyse of gullies and alluvial fans in neighbourhood of deserted village of Bystřec in Drahanská vrchovina Upland. The question was discussed whether decisive role in floods and rainfalls origin had human impact linked to colonization or climatic changes.
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Great Historical Floods in South Bohemia and their Impacts
Munzar, Jan ; Ondráček, Stanislav
The first plausible records about the occurrence of historical floods in South Bohemia originate from the 16th century (e.g. in June 1582). However, should we investigate about the last high water approximately comparable with the flood of 2002, we would arrive at the year 1890. This indicates that the contemporary event occurred after a time lapse of 112 years. The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century saw an increased occurrence of great floods. In addition to year 1890, the most severe high waters occurred for example in 1880, 1897, 1903 etc. Following the great flood on the Vltava (Moldau) River in 1888, there were great floods or more important high waters in South Bohemia arriving in regular 2-year intervals in the period of the following eight years, i.e. in 1890, 1892, 1894 and 1896. The present period of the increased occurrence of great floods is therefore a certain analogy.
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