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Psychosocial situation of siblings of children with disabilities
Husová, Lucie ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
The thesis deals with a psychosocial situation of siblings of children with a pervasiv disorder. The labour surveys new findings about the autism and an effect of autistic child on its sibling in the theoretical part. The part devoted to the autism is mostly focused on neurobiological findings of this disease. The part about siblings is specialised in pieces of knowledge from available researches and describes the present condition of scientific knowledge. The empirical part describes a psychosocial situation of siblings of autistic children. A qualitative method was used during the research. The main used method is a test called "FAST" (Family System Test) and a follow-up interview. The diploma work goes towards a deeper understanding of a psychological and social situation of a healthy sibling. Detailed studies of cases which indicate possible risks resulting from living with an autistic child are presented in the project. There are also mentioned tendencies of further research progress. Keywords: Siblings, autism, psychosocial situation of siblings.
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The neuropsychological developmental screening NES - a pilot study of its applicability in the Czech context
Klapetek, Anna ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kulišťák, Petr (referee)
The neuropsychological developmental screening NES was created for German pediatric practice and allows to quickly assess the developmental state of children between 2 and 24 months of age. At 2-4 and 5-7 months, the test assesses regulation of posture and movement, fine motor control, visual perception and cognitive skills, at 9-12 months visual perception tasks are replaced by exploration behavior tasks, while at 16-19 and 22-24 months posture and movement regulation, visuomotor skills, receptive and expressive language, and cognitive skills are evaluated. The aim of this thesis was to introduce the screening and test its applicability in the context of Czech Republic. The theoretical part summarizes current knowledge on child development in the first two years, specifies the term developmental delay and discusses methodological problems associated with developmental diagnostics. Lastly, the theoretical grounding of the NES is described. In the empirical part, a Czech language version of the NES was created and subsequently administered to 50 Czech children. Despite the overall positive experience with the NES, weak points were identified in the original test instructions, which were modified in the Czech manual. The quantitative results allowed the identification of critical test items. Moreover,...
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The drawing as an instrument of children communication
Varaďová, Renáta ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
The theoretical part of the thesis deals with key issues of children's drawings, clinical psychology, development of children's drawing and projective techniques in general. Furthermore, my thesis concentrates on family and its impact on the child. The practical part consists of the research in which I focused on a group of children from 5 to 9 years of age. The subjects of my research are children's drawings of a normal family and an enchanted family. To achieve the objective, I chose a method of work and available literature which deals with human drawing development and child development. Key words: Drawing of family, drawing of enchanted family, family
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Life meaningfulness and acceptance of disability among people with visual impairment.
Cerha, Ondřej ; Loneková, Katarína (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with meaningfulness of life and acceptance of an affliction by people with visual disability. The work has been divided into two parts. In the review section, the author deals with a psychological approach to meaningfulness of life, with an issue of acceptance of visual impairment, and with specifics of meaningfulness of life over the course of a lifetime. The aim of the empirical part has been to test hypotheses regarding relationship between the meaningfulness of life and the acceptance of vision impairment. Key concepts have been operationalized by scores according to both inventories; the Meaningfulness of Life Scale (MLC) (Halama, 2002, 2009), and the Acceptance of Disability Scale - Revised (ADS-R) (Linkowski, Groomes, 2007). Data obtained from a sample of persons with visual disability (N = 84) has been used to test the hypotheses. For the first time a Czech translation of the ADS-R inventory has been put to practice and the author suggests a further use of the inventory titled Škála akceptace disability. In the empirical part of the study, the author also deals with possibilities of online administration of psychological test methods for people with a visual disability. These possibilities have been verified and confirmed in practice by the author. Of all the monitored...
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The various forms of alternative institutional child care in the Czech Republic
Procházková, Jana ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
The bachelor thesis focusses on psychological issue of institutional care in the first part. The beginning devotes to historical development of alternative care of children up to present. The thesis focusses on issue of taking a child from the primary family and placing him or her to the institutional care. It devotes the topic of risk parents and children. A big part of the thesis relates to mental deprivation, its definition, reactions' typology, diagnostic and psychotherapy. In the next part, there are described the psychological development's specialities of mentally deprived children, then a child's return to the primary family, a child's transition to alternative care, and the issue of individuals leasing the institutional care after reaching their legal age. Last part deals with specific topics connected with alternative care concerning children with ethnic differences or with special needs. A quantitative study detecting the influence of long-term stay in the institutional care on economical behaviour and attitudes is designed in the second part. It is designed for adolescents, who grow up in institutional care and foster care for a long time. Adolescents growing up in biological families are the control group. Keywords Childhood, family, parents, alternative care, risk factors, mental...
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Selected Characteristics of Perpetrators of Munchausen's Syndrome by Proxy
Sgallová, Rebeka ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kostelníková, Zuzana (referee)
This bachelor thesis is about some characteristics of perpetrators of Münchausen's syndrome by proxy. The theoretical part starts by the definition of this syndrome and its victims. Further the focus is on perpetrators and their characteristics, for example psychopathology, motivation, childhood, and causes of their behavior. The following chapters are devoted to other persons involved in Münchausen's syndrome by proxy, detection of this syndrome and treatment of perpetrators. In the second part of the bachelor thesis a research proposal is presented. The aim of this research is to examine types of attachment and parenting styles in primary families of future perpetrators of Munchausen's syndrome by proxy. The proposed research is based on a qualitative methodology as a semi-structured interview. Keywords Münchausen's syndrome by proxy; Factitious disorder by proxy; Perpetrators; Attachment; Parenting styles
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Spirituality and resilience
Šolcová, Ludmila ; Štětovská, Iva (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the psychological construct of resilience and spirituality. These are phenomena with overlaps in practice (psychotherapy, prevention), which have recently been widely researched not only in psychology. In the theoretical part we present spirituality and resilience from the point of view of psychology and we also deal with their connection in psychological research. The main goal of the empirical part is the research verification of the relationship between spirituality and resilience. We also dealt with the structure of this relationship, looking for possible negative correlations within these two phenomena. Our sample consisted of 407 respondents aged from 18 to 30 years. Resilience data were obtained on-line using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale method, spirituality data using the Czech method of the Prague Spirituality Questionnaire. Keywords resilience, spirituality, protective factor, adversity
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Well-being in relation to the religious faith
Hendrychová, Simona ; Štětovská, Iva (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the specifics of the relation between well-being and affiliation to Catholicism, Judaism and atheism. It asks a question, whether well-being of believers and nonbelievers differs. Compared to previous research this thesis focuses on well-being of specific religious groups not of believers generally. In the theoretical part we can find closer look at each potential mediators of this relation such as meaning, social identity and emotions. Furthermore, the thesis pursues the relation of religiosity and well-being of Catholics and Jews. Both religions differ in their faith and religious praxis. Among these differences we can count God image, concept of the afterlife or organization of the religious life. In the empirical part the hypotheses are formed based on the theoretical part and they are answered with the statistical analysis of the obtained data. The quantitative research was conducted in the form of online questionnaire survey including three standardized questionnaires and additional questions on religious praxis, faith and identity. In correspondence with the cited studies there was detected a significant relation between religious praxis and intrinsic religiosity. Moreover, a significant relation between well-being and agreement of the believer with religious...
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Psychotherapy in Palliative Care
Pecnová, Iveta ; Loneková, Katarína (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
The master's thesis deals with the topic of the use of psychotherapy in the field of palliative care provided to adult clients. The theoretical part presents the current conception of care for the dying and defines the field of palliative care, including its availability. Attention is also paid to the characteristics of palliative care recipients, where the behavior and experiencing of terminally ill patients are outlined using models depicting the process of dying. This is followed by the definition of palliative psychotherapy together with a description of its involvement amongst other forms of support for the dying patients. At the end of the theoretical part there are presented structured psychotherapeutic interventions focusing on work with terminally ill clients, including information considering their effectiveness and possible application. The empirical part of the thesis consists of qualitative research of the psychotherapeutic process in working with adult dying clients from the perspective of palliative psychologists and psychotherapists. The informations obtained from semistructured interviews are processed with the method of thematic analysis. Outputs reflect the experiences of respondents coping with the difficulties of a palliative environment such as lack of time, unstructured...
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Training and education in psychotherapy in the Czech Republic in the European context
Wosková, Hana ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Najbrtová, Kristina (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with education in psychotherapy in the Czech Republic in the European context. The literary overview gradually deals with the historical background in the field of psychotherapy, then focuses on the emergence and development of various forms of training and education in psychotherapy. The thesis describes several important psychotherapeutic directions in terms of their approach to psychotherapist education. In the next part there is proposed a research project, which is devoted to personal experience of representatives of different psychotherapeutic directions. The aim of such a research probe should be to map the positive and strong aspects as well as the weaker or less developed aspects of the various educational systems in psychotherapy. In order to fulfill this research project, it is proposed to use an in-depth interview with representatives of several important psychotherapeutic approaches.
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