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Suicidal process in adult population
Komadová, Katarína ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Štětovská, Iva (referee) ; Baudiš, Pavel (referee)
Suicidálny proces je komplexný fenomén vyskytujúci sa v roznych variantách. Vzniká na podklade životných udalostí, psychickej poruchy, dlhodobej vulnerability jedinca k suicidálnemu správaniu alebo ich kombinácie. V prípade, že na počiatku suicidálneho procesu stojí životná udalosť, k rozvoju suicidálneho procesu dochádza vtedy, ak ju jedinec subjektívne hodnotí ako významnú, nezlučiteľnú s pokračovaním v živote a nenachádza z nej riešenie. Suicidálnemu jednaniu nemusia vždy suicidálne myšlienky predchádzať. K rozhodnutiu k realizácii suicidálneho aktu može človek dojsť buď v období predchádzajúcom suicidálnemu jednaniu a ďalej sa k nemu odhodlávať alebo čakať na výsledok situácie, ktorú hodnotí ako neúnosnú alebo k nemu može dojsť až v čase tesne pred suicidálnym jednaním. V takomto prípade jedná následne po spúšťacom podnete. Tento typ je charakteristický pre skratkovité suicidálne akty, avšak može sa vyskytnúť i u osob, ktoré nad suicidálnym jednaním uvažovali už v období predtým alebo mali predstavy o úniku zo situácie prežívanej ako neznesiteľnej. Iným typom suicidálneho procesu je postupné zúženie v oblasti afektov, percepcie, kognícií a hodnot. K suicidálnemu jednaniu dochádza, ak sa jedinec nachádza v situácii, ktorú vníma ako neznesiteľnú alebo neriešiteľnú, ak sa nachádza v stave zúženia,...
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Personal growth of the SUR psychotherapist training participants
Pavelková, Kateřina ; Štětovská, Iva (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis investigates effects of long-term SUR therapist training on its participants' personalities. In theoretical part of the thesis the author defines SUR psychotherapy system, describes its theoretical background and nowadays representation of the training system. She surveys knowledge about personality and its growth. Dynamic psychotherapy as a theoretical source of SUR is described as well. She elaborates specific means used in training process that directly influence personality of the participants. She also investigates personality traits of therapist that determine success of the therapy. Practical part of the thesis describes longitudinal sudy of participants undergoing 5-years training in SUR therapy. She studies personal growth of the participants and compares it to general population that have not undergone such a training. Research methods and research findings are described in detail. In the conclusion she discuses her findings and proposes new directions for research in this area.
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The psychological relations between perception of one's own voice and selfconcept
Sýkorová, Šárka ; Štětovská, Iva (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor)
The thesis deals with psychological aspects of human voice. It presents basic qualities of voice, anatomy and physiology of human voice and its development in ontogenesis. It offers a psychosomatic approach to voice and voice disorders, speaks about voice as a medium of self-presentation. It poits to relations of voice to selfconcept and offers some basic facts about selfconcept. The aim of the study was to explore whether there are some relations between perception of one's own voice and selfconcept in social interactions. Our results gave support to this relations.
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Systemic psychotherapy in theory and practice on becoming a psychotherapist
Novotná, Nora ; Junková, Vendula (referee) ; Štětovská, Iva (advisor)
The thesis investigates the process of becoming a psychotherapist in the context of systemic therapy. It outlines philosophical and psychotherapeutic roots of the systemic approach, emphasizing postmodern thinking, in particular poststructuralism, radical and social constructivism and modern biological gnoseology. The work discusses theoretical foundations as well as practical applications of the teaching of the Prague Institute for Systemic Therapy (IST). It covers five main lines of thoughts in systemic thinking - the Milan school of family therapy, strategic therapy by Milton Erickson, brief solution-focused therapy (BSFT), Hamburg school and the narrative approach. The work focuses on defining and delineating the role of the therapist and the client, and their cooperation in the therapeutic dialogue. It emphasizes therapist's self-reflection during the therapeutic process as the primary way of influencing the client, and it discusses models which make the self-reflection more efficient. The art of dialogue is presented as the fundamental skill of a systemic therapist. Last but not least, the work covers an important area of systemic ethics and supervision. The empirical part of the work investigates, using the qualitative based interview, the process of becoming a therapist on a sample of 19...
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Volunteering as a possible supplement to nurse's professional activity in infant's and children's homes
Kukačková, Markéta ; Štětovská, Iva (referee) ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor)
Volunteering in Infants' homes is quite a new area of volunteering in the Czech Republic and is slowly developing. The aim of the present study was to introduce and evaluate one concrete example of a volunteer program in the Infants' and Childrens' home for children up to three years in Prague - Krč. This program was started four years ago and its main idea is to find one volunteer for each child in the home who would visit the child regularly at least once a week and who would pay him individua! attention. So every child can ha ve at least for a while o ne adult person only for himself and doesn 't have to share that person' s attention with other children. We were interested in the opinions of volunteers and nurses about this · new program. These two independent groups are the main participants and also observers of this kind of volunteering, so their opinions are important for evaluating the program and also for creating a functional methodology. This methodology is the outcome of this diploma thesis, and could be an inspiration for other similar institutions. Nurses and volunteers agree, that the relationship between child and volunteer develops with regular visits. This can be observed mainly in the behaviour of toddlers older than one year. The children usually look forward to their volunteer's visit,...
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Psychological aspects of the effectiveness of outdoor programmes
Švyhnosová, Alena ; Štětovská, Iva (referee) ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor)
An increasing number of organizations are using outdoor based programmes for individual managers, management teams and work groups. Outdoor programmes are based on experiential learning and encourage change and help each participant more fully achieve self-knowledge and understanding of others. Outdoor programmes use activities that are stimulating problem-solving tasks designed to help group members develop their capacity to work effectively together. Many tasks are like children's games, others are comlex and designed for specific needs. The participants gain experience by working together in a non-traditional work environment, recognise their own limits, learn how each member thinks and works. An important part of these activities is participant's reflection and discussion about the activity, how they approached the situation, and possible points of learning. This discussion is supported by the facilitator who iniciates the discussion, sets the rules for it and guides the discussion so the participants learn from the experience they have just gained and can use it not only for the next acitivity. The facilitator provides structured opportunity to help participants learn more deeply. Although many organizations use these programmes, they are not usually interested in results these programmes have. Our...
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Variation in relationship between sexes in time of pubescence amongst classmates
Čelikovská, Lucie ; Štětovská, Iva (referee) ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor)
The thesis concerns relationships between boys and girls in time of pubescence in a class. The purpose of the thesis is exploration of the changes of the preferences between sexes in time of pubescence amongst classmates. The theme is based on the sociometric data (sociometric research) which were gathered during the program of primary prevention of social pathological phenomenon in the classes. The theoretic part involves subjects concerning examined phenomenon and surroundings: description of an individual in the time of pubescence, socialization, class as a small social group, the program of primary prevention of social pathological phenomenon. The empirical part analyses data of positive preferences gained by the sociometry (sociometric research). The basic goal of quantitative research is to survey the changes of quantity of positive intersexual preferences in the specific categories of age. The results are based on a group of nearly 5000 probands. The hypotheses of significant change in relationship of boys towards girls are confirmed. As well, research describes the period in which these changes were realized.
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Active imagination. Options and risks
Kundrátová, Iva ; Štětovská, Iva (advisor) ; Junková, Vendula (referee)
Imaginace provázejí lidstvo po staletí. Je to oblast velmi fascinující. Na jednu stranu lidé využívali představ při objevování zákonitostí světa kolem sebe a konstruování nových vynálezů. Na straně druhé je imaginace vedla hluboko do nitra při meditacích a duchovním cvičení. To bylo inspirací i C.G. Jungovi při koncipování, v té době zcela nové, psychoterapeutické metody - aktivní imaginace. Uvedení imaginace, jako člověku přirozeně blízkého způsobu uchopení a zobrazení skutečnosti, do terapie se ukázalo jako velmi prospěšné. Aktivní imaginace zde našla své místo. V současnosti je jednou z běžně používaných terapeutických metod a proto i my, v rámci naší práce, vstupujeme do oblasti psychoterapie a dotýkáme se některých jejích principů a pravidel (například etického kodexu a některých obecných zásad práce terapeuta). Teoretickým východiskem a základem naší práce Je analytická psychologie. V jejích intencích se budeme pohybovat a také budeme užívat její terminologii, kterou nejprve vymezíme. Inspirací k napsání rigorózní práce na toto téma, byla autorčina diplomová práce. Ta shrnula dostupné informace o aktivní imaginaci a mapovala, zda a jak je používána mezi českými psychoterapeuty. Další vzdělávání a nové profesní zkušenosti poskytly autorce mnoho podnětů k vypracování obdobně tématicky zaměřené rigorózní...
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To become a member of a first class: the child's adaptation to rules valid in the first class
Hončíková, Lucie ; Štětovská, Iva (referee) ; Viktorová, Ida (advisor)
Beginning of a school atlendance creates one of very important moments in the chilď s life. Changes, which appear in this period, refer to aU parts of a chilď s life and mean an interference to a family life as well. In our diploma project we have aimed on a process of adaptation of a child to rules valid at school, which she/he meets in the first term of a school year. We have focused expeciaUy on the running ofthis process and on mechanisms it is determined by. In the theoretical part we have explained the problematics of the life at school in the first class and we have defined the basic concepts related to the early beginning of the school atlendance which we have worked later with. In a practical part we have firstly classified and then described every rule and the categories of rules and norms. Then we have observed the running of the process of adaptation of children to school norms separately in every month of the first term. After that we have compared the results. We have created the global picture of the process of adaptation as we have noticed it in our research. To reach our goal we have decided to choose mostly a technigue of observation of pupils in the chosen class. This technigue we have completed by directed interviews with pupils as weU as with their trachet and by other materials.
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Agoraphobia
Koťová, Magdalena ; Štětovská, Iva (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor)
The theoretical part of this thesis overviews particular theories of agoraphobia between 1960 and presence oriented on answering a question of causes of this disease. Empirical part consists of outline of narrative research conceming analysis of life stories of women suffering from agoraphobia. The author is looking for possible causes of this disease by women.
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