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The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome
Bolceková, Eva ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee) ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor)
Tr ad i t io n a l ly, th e c e r eb e l lum ha s b e en co n s id e r ed th e s t r u c tu r e in th e h uman b r a in r e sp o n s ib l e f o r mo to r fu n c t io n : p o s tu r e , g a i t , mo v emen t co o r d in a t io n . Howev e r, r e c en t f in d in g s s h ow th a t i t s f u n c t ion i s wid e r - i t i s a l s o in v olv ed in co gn i t ion an d emo t io n . Th e c e r eb e l l a r co g n i t iv e a ff e c t iv e s yn d r ome i s a c l in i c a l u n i t d e s ign ed to d e s c r ib e d e f i c i en c i e s in p a t i en t s wi th c e r eb e l l a r d amag e . Th e a im o f th e s tu d y i s to con f i rm th e v i a b i l i ty o f th i s co n c ep t . Th e th eo r i t i c a l s e c t ion summa r i z e s cu r r en t n eu r op sy ch o lo g i c a l k n owl ed g e a b ou t th e c e r eb e l lum an d fu n c t io n a l d e f i c i en c i e s r e l a t ed to i t s damag e . Th e r e a r e th eo r e t i c a l ex p l an a t ion s o f me ch an i sms o f d amag e , a s we l l a s a r ev i ew o f emp i r i c a l d a t a . Th e emp i r i c a l s e c t io n i s a s tu d y o f 1 3 su b j e c t s wi th dama g e l imi t ed to th e c e r eb e l lum an d a con t r o l s amp l e o f 1 3 he a l th y, d emog r a p h i c a l ly ma t ch ed con t r o l su b j e c t s . Me th o d s in c lu d ed an in t e r v i ew, n...
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Changes in mental state experienced by patients with diabetes along therapy
Hackerová, Petra ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor)
The thesis is focused on the problematic of quality of life, depression, eating behaviour and cognitive representations of illness among people with type 2 diabetes. It stems from literature and information about problematic. In the theoretical part, the overview about diabetes mellitus, its symptoms, types, complications, and treatment is outlines. Next topics of this part are quality of life of people with diabetes, especially with type 2 diabetes, depression in people with diabetes and cognitive representations of illness. The empirical part is concentrated on the examination of degree of depresivity, quality of life, eating habits and illness perceptions among people with type 2 diabetes. It compares these variables before and after large intervention program, which is aimed at weight-loss and better metabolic control. And it compares them in relationship to gender and to type of diet.
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Boston Naming Test in preoperative examination in patients with pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy
Libertínová, Jana ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee) ; Preiss, Marek (advisor)
Theoretical part of this thesis concems Pharmacoresistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Epilepsy surgery as an important option of the treatment of these patients. lt introduces respective methods used in complex preoperative diagnostics stressing the neuropsychological preoperative examination. Majority of basic cognitive functions - memory, speech and IQ - are lateralised. Functionality of temporallobe is reflected by ability of naming. We introduce the Boston Naming Test (BNT) used in preoperative diagnostics of pharmacoresistant epilepsy patients to locate the epileptogenic region. Empirical part concems Czech adaptation and standardisation of BNT and describes pivotal study with 38 healthy persons and 38 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Main objective was to check criterial validity ofBNT" Statistical analysis shows highly significant differencies between scores of healthy controls and epilepsy patients. (p < 0,000). Test shows 80% sensitivity and 92% specificity.
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Mechanism of patients with anorexia nervosa
Ježková, Tereza ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor)
The Defence Style Questionnaire which assesses three factors of defence mechanisms ( mature, neurotic, immature) was completed by 44 anorexie women aged from 14 to 30 years, and 121 healthy women. The Thematic Apperception Test used to assess ego developpement and defence was completed by 15 patients. We found that the anorexie women differ from the healthy population in use of neurotic and immature defence mechanisms. In contrast, no difference was found between restrictive and purgative patients who do not differ in any factor of the Defence Style Questionnaire.
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Coping strategies of women with breast cancer
Štěpánková, Jitka ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor)
The objectives of the thesis "Coping strategies of women with breast cancer" w ere to d etermine t he c oping s trategies u sed b y women w ith b reast cancer, to explore relationship between copmg strategies and sociodemographic variables, between cop ing strategies and the type of therapy, between coping strategies and the life satisfaction, and to compare results with data from other studies. The sample consisted of 62 women diagnosed with breast cancer and treated in two hospitals (Onkologický Ústav Nová Ves pod Pleší, and Nemocnice Beroun) from 1110/2005 to 30/312006. Participants were surveyed by means of a demographic data sheet, the Ways of Coping Questionnaire and the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire. The comparison with other studies indicated that the results are quite similar. The most commonly used coping strategy among women with breast cancer is Seeking sodal support and the least common strategy is Accepting responsibility. Yet, there was one difference: the use of the Escape-Avoidance strategy was higher among our sample patients than among women included in compared studies. This strategy was used more by the patients treated by chemotherapy and byt he p atients t hat were u nsatisfied w ith t heir I ives. T he younger women prefer problem-focused strategies (Confrontive coping, PIan/ul...
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Quality of life dialysis and transplanted patients
Pěkný, Radek ; Znojová, Marcela (referee) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor)
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a chronic illness, which significantly in:fluences patienť s life. Two widespread possibilities of renul replaccmcnt therapy are dialysis and kidney transplantation. The first section of a theoretical part summarizes medical aspects of ESRD. The second section deals with psychosocial aspects of chronic illness generally, which are replenished with a particularity of dialysis and transplantation. The last section hands in theoretical constructs of quality of life and sumarizes results of foreign studies, which have dealt with Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of dialysed and transplanted patients. Empirical part of the thesis maps HRQoL in relation to some selected factors (gender, marital status, age, level of education and period of treatment) in group of dialysed and transplanted patients. The main goal of the whole thesis is comparing HRQoL among dialysed and transplanted patients measured by SF-36 and WHOQoLBREF questionnaires.
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An attempt to analyze the aphasic syndrom with regard to the possibilities of its neuropsychologica rehabilitation
Straka, Ondřej ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee) ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor)
Although the Wernicke-Geschwind model has been for a long time one of the most influential bases for the study of aphasia. its general acceptance seems to have been partly undermined by the use of new imaging methods on the one hand. and recent developments in cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics on the other hand. The main reason is that it fails to account for the fact that the lesions in one brain area can result in a variety of deficits in the processing of language. and similarly the same deficit is often due to the impairment of ditlerent brain structures. This thesis ťirst presents the localizationalist theories. then compares both approaches pointing out their respective interests and limitations and tinally focuses at some length on the assumptions about the brain organization of language production postulated by the cognitive psychology and their reflection in the therapeutic procedures used in the neuropsychological rehabilitation of aphasic patients. Key words: aphasia, localization, cognitive psychology, neuropsychological rehabilitation Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Executive functions in patients with frontal code damage
Hůrková, Jana ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee) ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor)
Executive function testing is very difficult for many reason.s. In everyday life there are situations in which standard neuropsychological tests do not uncover damage of executive functions, which is utterly obvious. Therefore, the aim of the research was to verify one of the possibilities how to get executive function testing doser to reallife and this way to contribute to improving thc diagnosis of executive functions. In the research the performances of a group of 19 respondents with dysexecutive syndrome were compared with the performances of a control group of 19 healthy respondents. Both groups were tested in two testing situations - in silence (standard testing) and in noise (real conditions). The identical tests of the NEUROP-2 program were u sed in both situations, namely KIQ, PAARE, GO fNO-GO, LISEQ, HANOI and NATE tests. The PAARE, LISEQ and NATE tests have not confirmed a noise effect on any of the groups. On the other hand, the results of the KIQ and HANOI tests have shown that in noisy conditions the performances of the group of the people with dysexecutive syndrome have got worse. In the KIQ test this deterioration was statistically significant. Nevertheless, no significant differences between the performances of the group of the respondents with dysexecutive syndrome and the performances of...
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Procognitive effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression
Kučerová, Hana ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
V současné době se problematika kognitivních funkcí u depresivních pacientů dostává do popředí zájmu neuropsychologického výzkumu. Ukazuje se totiž, že porucha ovlivňuje praktický život pacientů. Dává se do souvislosti zejména se sociálním a pracovním selháváním. Bližší prozkoumání podstaty a specifického obrazu kognitivního poškození tak může přispět k hlubšímu pochopení depresivní poruchy a k vytvoření zacílených a efektivních programů její nápravy. Přesto se v současné klinické praxi hodnotí kognitivní výkon u depresivní poruchy spíše výjimečně. Hodnocení kognitivních funkcí např. u schizofrenie je již běžnou součástí klinického vyšetření, zatímco u depresivní poruchy je ještě stále považováno za "nadstandardní". Je to poměrně překvapivé, zvláště když si uvědomíme, že například měření poruch paměti je svým způsobem objektivnější než posuzování jiných významných symptomů deprese jako je její závažnost či přítomnost poruch spánku. Kromě toho je kognitivní deficit pravděpodobně 7 klíčovým faktorem, podle kterého se odvíjí schopnost sociálního fungování nemocných a tím i doba návratu do zaměstnání. Repetitivní transkraniální magnetická stimulace (rTMS) představuje novou možnost léčby depresivních poruch. Výhodou je zejména možnost působit pouze na danou oblast mozkové kůry. Na rozdíl od elektrokonvulzivní...
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Depresive symptoms of patients with revmatoid arthritis
Švábová, Irena ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
Nemoci pohybového aparátu, revmatické nemoci, patří meZI nejrozšířenější choroby na světě. Revmatoidní artritida pak představuje jednu Z více než 200 revmatických chorob. Jedná se o onemocnění chronické, invalidizující, s výrazně negativními dopady na fYzické funkční schopnosti, ale i psychický a sociální život nemocného. Revmatoidní artritida závažným způsobem zasahuje do života nemocného a mění jeho kvalitu. Obtíže spojené s touto chorobou většinou sice nepředstavují přímé ohrožení života, ale jsou trvalou celoživotní zátěží pro pacienta i jeho okolí. Lidé s revmatoidní artritidou proto často trpí i různými emočními obtížemi, mezi kterými dominují depresivní symptomy. Ukazuje se, že lidé s artritidou trpí depresivními obtížemi dvakrát častěji než běžná populace. U nemocných s revmatoidní artritidou deprese nepředstavuje jen další nesnáz související s jejich chorobou, ale významným způsobem zasahuje do způsobů, jak vnímají a vyrovnávají se svými fYzickými obtížemi a také jak spolupracují při jejich léčbě. V poslední době se proto v zahraničních odborných studiích tématu psychologických aspektů revmatoidní artritidy dostává více pozornosti.
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