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Attribution and self-efficacy of younger and older school children
Stárková, Tereza ; Šírová, Eva (advisor) ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (referee)
The bachelor's thesis consists of scientific literature compilation and research design. At first, the theoretical part concerns motivation in educational process and the developmental periods the thesis is focussed on. Most attention is paid to concepts of perceived self-efficacy and attributions. The most important theories and terms related to both concepts are explained, followed by their development in childhood and connection to school work. In the empirical part, there are described ways of measurement are mentioned a this part devotes to relationship between self-efficacy and attribution, which is the topic of research design. Klíčová slova self-efficacy, attribution, younger school age, older school age
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The child's personality and beginning attending a nursery school
Zradičková Šafránková, Karla ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (referee) ; Šírová, Eva (referee)
The ability of autoregulation of an individual is a process which moderates coping with social demands. The transition from family environment to a nursery school can be considered one of such developmental tasks. This transition may become one of the major challenges both for the child and family, and also for the pedagogues, since it does not involve solely one change, but rather functions in the interaction of various changes. The aim of our research is to determine the development of resilience during one of the first significant transient moments in a child's life, such as admission to a nurser school, and also significance of autoregulation in this process. Theoretical foundations of our research project consist of the concept of resilience based on social cognitive theory. Given the focus on the adaptation of a child to education system, the issue also includes the question of autoregulation, which in our cultural context is an important component of successful coping with social demands. Another important aspect involved in the successful adaptation is undoubtedly the psychological resilience of a child, in terms of the ability to effectively deal with stress and adversity. The focus of our research are preschool children (three to six years), adapting to the new environment of a nursery...
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Change od quality of partner relationship after the birth of first child
Vágnerová, Zuzana ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Šírová, Eva (referee)
The work observes the development and changes of perception of the relationships of a couple in the period of accepting the role of a parent. In its theoretical part, the work considers the relationship of a couple within a wider context of a family, describes the relationship of a couple from its beginnings to the decision of establishing a family, emphasizes experience of the woman during pregnancy and after giving birth and also deals with the man's view of this period. The conclusion of the theoretical part describes in more detail changes of the relationship during the transition to parenthood and introduces foreign research of this topic. The empirical part then presents the survey itself, where women expecting their first child expressed satisfaction with their relationship both during pregnancy and after giving birth. The evaluated areas of the relationship of a couple include intimacy, communication, shared time, support, care and appreciation. The quality analysis of the statements of the female respondents with regard to the individual evaluated areas specifies the quantitative findings. The survey demonstrates a significant decrease of satisfaction of women with the relationship within the explored period, particularly in the area of intimacy, manifestation of love, appreciation,...
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Interaction and communication in school classes with children with ASD
Bendová, Hana ; Šírová, Eva (advisor) ; Šporclová, Veronika (referee)
Bachelor's thesis contains a literature review study and the research proposal. The theoretical section deals with basic informations about interaction and communication at school. It also discusses the issue of autism spectrum disorders, mostly diagnostic triad problem areas, in which they appear, and their particular types. There is also included the theme about education of individuals with these disorders. Next part of thesis deals with interaction and communication of individuals with autism spectrum disorders, especially those with diagnoses of Asperger syndrome and high functioning autism. It mostly consists of findings of studies conducted on this topic. The practical part of thesis contains the research proposal. Its theme is a positive change in relationship between teacher and student with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism due to changing interaction and communication using technique video interaction guidance and its possible effects on the relationship between the student and his classmates. Keywords interaction, communication, autism spectrum disorders, student, teacher
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Dynamic testing of cognitive abilities of children and adolescents
Rybářová, Karolína ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (advisor) ; Šírová, Eva (referee)
The thesis presents a dynamic approach to the assessment in school psychology and the current practice of its application with an emphasis on the context of the Czech environment. Characteristics of dynamic assessment, theoretical background and a comparison with traditional assessment are defined. The largest part is devoted to the use of dynamic assessment in practice. Various methods of dynamic assessment and their possible uses and applications are described. The text also discusses the role of teacher in the process of dynamic assessment, its meaning in the context of inclusive education and monitors the situation in the Czech environment. The research project focuses on comparing outputs of traditional and dynamic tests and their effect on teacher's work with a student. Keywords dynamic approach, educational psychology, assessment of children and adolescents, assessment methods, teacher, inclusion, comparing traditional and dynamic assessment
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Importance of pre-school children's play for mental development
Domkářová, Lucie ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Šírová, Eva (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the importance of preschool children's play for mental development. The main target of the theoretical part is create the most comprehensive overview of current knowledge on the topic. The first part provides general theoretical definition games. Here I present various definitions, classifications and theory of play. Another part is devoted to a detailed description of the importance of the play for the mental development. I focus here on the cognitive, motor, motivational-voluntary, emotional and social development. Since the preschool period begins to appear cooperative play, I consider it important to include a chapter on playmates. Parents, grandparents, siblings, peers and imaginary friend. This chapter describes the importance of the participation and style of play of playmates in the preschool children's play. Conclusions of the thesis is a research project focused on the parents play with preschool children.
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Development of personality in preschool and younger school-age children from the perspective of analytical psychology
Franzová, Martina ; Šírová, Eva (advisor) ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on personality development of preschool and school aged children from the analytical psychology perspective. The concept of personality and some of the chosen psychological theories from different schools of psychology are described in the theoretical part. Afterwards the thesis describes Jung's view on a child, Neumann's theory of the origins of consciousness and Fordham's opinions gained from his lifelong work with children. Because the main source of this thesis is the analytical psychology, next chapters focus mainly on symbolical and imaginatory actions of children and how these actions could influence their development of personality. A research project is being proposed as the outcome of the thesis. Within this project I suggest to investigate the children's personality development using two projective methods, The Fairy tale test and The Scenotest. Keywords: Analytical psychology, Development of personality, Preschool children, School-age children, The Fairy tale test, The Scenotest
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The development of defense mechanisms in children of younger school age
Kratochvíla, Jan ; Šírová, Eva (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis deals with the development of defense mechanisms of children in younger school age. The theoretical part discusses the history and development of the concept of defense mechanisms, provides an overview of the diagnostic methods, which are useful to identify defense mechanisms in children and reports on the current state of research of defense mechanisms and their development in children and adolescents. At the end of the theoretical part, the concepts of "defense" based mostly on gestalt psychotherapy perspective are discussed. In the practical part, the children of the research group in younger school age were tested with The Fairy Tale Test and The Thematic Apperception Test. The results are discussed with regard to age, sex, inteligence and also considering the results of other research methods. Data based on psychoanalytical concepts are compared with results of the questionnaire based on gestalt psychoterapy theories of contact cycle and contact styles. Two parents (or the closest adults) evaluated their children by the questionnaire and inventory of typical contact styles. The results suggest the existence of certain connections, these research methods also complement each other and serves together as more comprehensive view of the child's personality, a way of its interacting...
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The neuropsychological development screeing NES:Further testing of the czech version
Jantová, Alžběta ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Šírová, Eva (referee)
Neuropsychological developmental screening (NES) is a German tool (published in 2005) for assessing eight fields of development of children aged 3 to 24 months. It is designed for pediatritians, early intervention specialists and psychologists. This thesis builds on A. Klapetek's thesis and aims to verify and check accurancy of Czech translation of the tool by administring the test to a group of Czech children. A. Klapetek conducted a pilot study of the tool. 50 children (10 for every age group) were administred the translation which was being refined during the field research. She also planned further steps to applying NES. Literature review of the thesis deals with developmental characteristics of infants and toddlers. Psychological assessment of young children and its uses and risks are described. The thesis also persues developmental scales, their history and present state. Theoretical concept of the Neuropsychological developmental screening (NES) is introduced. During the field research a group of 50 children was assessed by Czech translation of the tool, and the same group was tested by Developmental screening (Kovařík). Results of the testing were used to discuss existing norms of the tool, to identify problematic exercises (both too difficult and too easy) and to statistically analyse...
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