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The effect of second-hand smoking
Naess Nilsen Oksum, Leif-André ; Černá, Milena (advisor)
Smoking of tobacco is practised worldwide by over one thousand million people. However, while smoking prevalence has declined in many developed countries, it remains high in others and is increasing among women and in developing countries. Between one-fifth and two-thirds of men in most populations smoke. Women's smoking rates vary more widely but rarely equal male rates. The purpose of this review is to discuss cigarette smoking and its effect on health in general with emphasis put on environmental tobacco smoke. In addition some of the carcinogenic effect and diseases caused by second hand smoke is discussed here. Finally actions or measures made to decrease the effect of second hand smoke. Most of the information is based on American source together with some sources from WHO.
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Mumps and its epidemiological characteristic
Ovečková, Markéta ; Fabiánová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Černá, Milena (referee)
Based on stated epidemiological information we can see that periodic mumps vaccination is a necessary part of paediatric care of present population. Nowadays, mumps vaccination is provided in more than 100 countries all over the world. Several epidemics occurred in these countries with involvement of vaccinated and non-vaccinated people since the introduction of vaccination. Very often was the most affected group the group of 19-23 old people. The main reason of current epidemics is probably the low collective immunity in group of older children because of extinction after previous vaccination. The main reason in adult group is not being immunized naturally. The import of disease from other countries influences the origin of epidemics in the Czech Republic, for example import from Poland, where the periodic vaccination started as late as in 2004. Most of young doctors have probably never met mumps in their practices, whereas their older colleagues have often forgotten heterogeneous symptoms of infection. Sometimes it is very difficult to recognize this illness in time. The primary symptoms usually experience in the first time practical doctors, dentists, otorinolaryngologists and internal-medicine doctors. Doctors of urologic and surgery specializations should not miss orchitis when the testicles...
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Information and library services for students of art schools with a focus on dramatic and musical art in the Czech Republic
Fialová, Zuzana ; Papík, Richard (advisor) ; Černá, Milena (referee)
Diploma thesis " Information and library services for students of art schools with a focus on dramatic and musical art in the Czech Republic " aims to analyze the environment of libraries with a fund focused on music and theater, which serves students of art schools. This thesis also describes library and information services and the impact of copyright law to provide services in libraries with a fund containing score, audio and audiovisual media. The last section describes methodology of qualitative research and evaluates research by force field analyzing method and also analyzed findings and recommendations to address the identified facts.
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Chemical enucleation in mammalian oocytes
Černá, Martina ; Krylov, Vladimír (advisor) ; Petr, Jaroslav (referee)
The common techniques of enucleation are inexact and time-consuming. Nuclear DNA staining with Hoechst is frequently used, whereas the staining agent is toxic for the oocyte and has negative impact on its further development. Chemical enucleation is a method which facilitates the production of cytoplasts in higher amount and shorter time. Chemical enucleation has a potentional use in the field of biotechnology, especially in nuclear transfer methods (therapeutical, reproductive cloning). The chemical enucleation was successfully used on several model animals: mouse, sheep, cattle. The technique is beeing continually improved on pigs, regarding their similarity to human where it should be consequently applied. It was discovered that same chemicals have different effect on oocytes of each species and therefore it is necessary to examine each species separately. In our study we use porcine oocytes for chemical enucleation. We determined demekolcine in concentration 0,4 Ug/ml and acting time 30 minutes as the most suitable for chemical enucleation. Furthermore we used cytochalasin B in concetration 7,5 Ug/ml and acting time 10 minutes. The protrusion rate correlates with quality of oocytes. In other experiment we focused on distribution of mitochondria after fusion of normal and enucleation oocyte. We found...
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Ways of application of drama methods in german language teaching
Černá, Martina ; Nečasová, Pavla (advisor) ; Švermová, Dagmar (referee)
TITLE: Ways of application of drama methods in German language teaching ABSTRACT This diploma thesis deals with ways of application of drama methods in teaching the German language. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part describes the theoretical background of educational drama and communicative language teaching. Also, the relation of the Framework Educational Programme for primary education to drama and foreign language teaching is characterized. The main part of this thesis contains a suggestion for integrating drama methods into teaching the German language and a selection of drama-oriented exercises. Further, the process and the results of my research, the main purpose of which was to examine the influence of drama methods on communicative competence in pupils, are described here. KEY WORDS: Educational drama, communicative competence, foreign language teaching
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School libraries in Spain and selected countries of Latin America: analysis and comparison with school libraries in the Czech Republic
Bjačková, Dana ; Stöcklová, Anna (advisor) ; Černá, Milena (referee)
Diplomová práce analyzuje současný stav školních knihoven ve Španělsku a podává nástin situace i v Latinské Americe. K hlavním cílům patří zejména porovnání se stavem školních knihoven v České republice. Zabývá se trendy v oblasti školních knihoven, legislativou na národní i mezinárodní úrovni a možným způsobem evaluace činnosti práce školních knihoven. Práce obsahuje šest kapitol a přílohu. Stěžejní částí práce jsou kapitoly třetí, čtvrtá a pátá, které detailněji popisují školní knihovny ve Španělsku podle nejnovějších studií z této oblasti, a porovnávají s Českou republikou. V závěru jsou vysvětleny použité zkratky. Přílohu diplomové práce tvoří ukázka projektu jedné školní knihovny ve Španělsku a popis elektronického adresáře španělských školních knihoven.
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Formulation of Oligoester Nanoparticles
Černá, Marcela ; Dittrich, Milan (advisor) ; Šnejdrová, Eva (referee)
Title: Formulation of oligoester nanoparticles Author: Marcela Černá Abstract: The aim of presented thesis is directed on the preparation method of biodegradable oligoester nanoparticles with embedded biologically active ingredient. Our interest was focused on the enlargement of knowledge concrete possibilities of nanoparticles preparation in the sense of parameters related to their pharmacokinetic activity and physical stability, such as particle size and electrokinetic potential. Nanoparticulate systems were prepared by solvent evaporation method (emulsion oil in water), dicloromethane was used as the solvent. Emulsifying agents of four types had been used in various binary mixtures. Four polymeric carriers differing in the branching degree were used. Terbinafine was selected as model drug substance. Size and electorokinetic potential of the prepared microparticles were measured using Zetasizer device (Malvern Instruments). From the presented results of experiments it is possible to conclude the possibility of preparation of stable nanoparticles with the diameter under 200 nm.
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Library as an educational centre of region
Rösslerová, Ivana ; Černá, Milena (advisor) ; Vášová, Lidmila (referee)
Diplomová práce se zabývá veřejnými knihovnami a jejich vzdělávací rolí v informační společnosti. Primárním cílem práce je analyzovat vzdělávací funkci veřejných knihoven a nastínit perspektivy jejich rozvoje v oblasti celoživotního vzdělávání. Dalším cílem práce je prezentovat konkrétní vzdělávací program Univerzity volného času, který autorka organizačně zabezpečuje v Krajské knihovně Vysočiny v Havlíčkově Brodě, a uveřejnit praktické zkušenosti získané při realizaci projektu. Diplomová práce je rozložena do pěti kapitol. Úvodní kapitola pojednává obecně o veřejných knihovnách jako o moderních informačních, vzdělávacích a kulturních centrech regionů. Druhá kapitola objasňuje podstatu celoživotního vzdělávání a zdůvodňuje jeho potřebnost pro rozvoj informační společnosti i každého jedince. Vzdělávací rolí veřejných knihoven a jejich příležitostmi v oblasti vzdělávání dospělých se zabývá třetí kapitola. Na předchozí teoretické pasáže navazuje prakticky zaměřená kapitola s popisem vzdělávacího projektu Univerzity volného času. Závěrečná kapitola předkládá obecné závěry, koncepční a metodická doporučení vycházející z vlastních zkušeností autorky.
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