|
| |
|
|
The relationship between psychometric intelligence and creativity
Reichová, Anna ; Stehlík, Luděk (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
This paper briefly summarizes major theories dealing with the relationship between creativity and intelligence. It address psychometric dimension of this relationship with emphasis on contemporary tests of cognitive abilities and their potential contribution to the assessment of creative abilities. This paper includes a research design focused on improving interpretative possibilities of two tests of cognitive abilities currently in use in the Czech Republic (namely WISC-III and WJ-IE-II). It is designed to assess the correlation between creative style (as measured by TCT-DP) and three broad abilities of the Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory (supposedly relevant to creativity) in population aged 6-17. The aforementioned broad abilities are fluid intelligence (Gf), long-term memory (Glr) and visualization (Gv).
|
|
|
Biological determinations of cognitive disorders
Vítek, Petr ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Stehlík, Luděk (referee)
As a topic of my bachelor thesis I have chosen "Biological determinants of cognitive disorders". Because of the bachelor thesis' coverage I was forced to choose only two cognitive functions - memory and thinking. This work as a whole is an attempt to combine psychological theories with neurological and psychiatric knowledge which are now popular thanks to the rapid development of imaging techniques of brain. One chapter is specifically focused on their brief summary. In the beginning specific cognitive functions are circumscribed but only two of them are taken further - memory and thinking. More space is dedicated to memory because neurological research of memory is much more complex compared to thinking. My approach is similar in both cognitive functions - at first I focus on description of normal functioning and then I classify and describe specific disorders, trying to find their neurological correlations. The second part of my bachelor thesis proposes the research of episodic memory, in which I would compare differences in its distortions from both neurological and neuropsychological perspective. Patients with delusions, pseudologia fantastica and patients with often confabulations are the target group. I tried to create as realistic design as possible. However I realize its financial...
|
|
|
The Relationship Between Cognitive and Emotional Processes in Executive Functioning
Novák, Ondřej ; Stehlík, Luděk (advisor) ; Uhlář, Pavel (referee)
This thesis provides brief overview of key surveys and theories dealing with the influence emotions have on selected executive functions (decision making and judgment). It discusses the issue using the theoretical framework of cognitive-experiential Self-theory (CEST), and emphasizes current knowledge and experimental approaches. It describes various approaches to understanding of emotions and their influence, such as the theories of emotional valence and affect, embodied emotions or motivational role of emotions. The thesis includes a quality research design aimed on emotional goals of specific basic emotions (fear, anger, sadness and joy). The results will provide a theoretical framework for the "feeling-is- for-doing" approach focused on the motivational component of emotions, allowing to examine it empirically.
|
|
|
Heuristics and biases: A model of intuitive judgement
Bahník, Štěpán ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Stehlík, Luděk (referee)
The present work describes the model of heuristic judgment of Kahneman & Frederick (2002) and two experiments based upon it. According to the model people answer a question with an answer to an easier question when making a heuristic judgment. This process is called the attribute substitution because a target attribute of a question is substituted by an associated and easier accessible heuristic attribute. The first experiment investigated whether two heuristic attributes can be used simultaneously during making of a judgment. A part of participants gave 1 or 4 reasons for one of the statements in Linda problem (Tversky & Kahneman, 1983). Numbers of reasons were selected so as to produce a feeling of fluency of disfluency. Although the conjunction fallacy occurred, the writing of the reasons didn't have any influence on the assessment of the probability of the related statement. The second experiment investigated whether the priming of the relation between processing fluency and risk can influence the effect of pronounceability of a food additive name on the assessment of its harmfulness. In accord with previous study (Song & Schwarz, 2009) it was shown that food additives with less pronounceable names were considered as more harmful. The priming didn't have any effect. The present studies...
|
|
|
Adaptation of the EBIQ neuropsychological questionnaire for the diagnostic of the emotional and psychosocial problems after brain injury.
Wolfová, Beata ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Stehlík, Luděk (referee)
Neurorehabilitation for people suffering from brain injury has traditionally focused on rehabilitation of the somatic and cognitive functions. Research into the emotional aspects of brain injury has, however, been limited. The theoretical part of this thesis was therefore to map diagnostic tools suitable for the investigation of emotional problems of patients after brain injury and to classify these tools for the needs of neuropsychological practice. In the empirical part the author focused on the adaptation and pilot verification of the EBIQ (European Brain Injury Questionnaire) neuropsychological questionnaire, for a sample of patients having experienced brain injury and their immediate family and friends. The practical outcome of work in addition to the psychometric characteristics is a Czech working version EBIQ-P (version for patients) and EBIQ-R (version for family members), including well-prepared instructions for evaluating the results and examples for use in clinical practice. EBIQ provides an alternative to the previously used questionnaires SCL-90 and MMPI-100, since these, according to our findings and the findings from other studies on the group of patients after brain injury provide invalid results.
|
|
|
Autobiographical memories dating: the relationship between dating accuracy and type of an event
Literáková, Eva ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Stehlík, Luděk (referee)
In two studies focused on finding predictors of dating accuracy of autobiographical memories, events were split into categories based on respondent independent characteristics (independent on respondents' evaluation) and other, which can be ascertained from date reconstruction (event lenght, theme, temporal schemata, landmark connection, self-events and other-events). The present study is part of a larger project on which I cooperated with A. Neusar (2012) and the present results supplement his study in the fields on which he did not focus in detail or at all. The first study was focused on dating accuracy of events from 2005 to 2008 and here events connected to a landmark, self-events and extended events and also holiday and relationship events and changes were dated more accurately. Temporal schema helped with estimating the month of the year. Women were on average more accurate and specifically also in thematic categories, e.g., in estimating the date of child events. The second study was focused on dating events from recent two and half months. Events connected to a landmark and Easter, self-events and extended events were dated more accurately. Higher accuracy was found also among events connected to the leisure activities and birthday category. Women were more accurate in dating events from...
|
|
|
Connectionist modelling of the development of some cognitive processes associated with acquisition of language skills in Czech language
Stehlík, Luděk ; Bahbouh, Radvan (referee) ; Uhlář, Pavel (advisor)
The thesis discusses questions about the nature of the human mind, the process of language acquisition and the cognitive development in general and presents results of connectionist modelling of one of the seminal developmentally-psycholinguistic phenomena - segmentation of continuous speech flow on the basis of phonotactic and prosodic cues. In the general part of the thesis there is at first briefly introduced the philosophical topic of mind-body problem and then there is described intellectual, historical and cognitively-anthropological background of the computational-representational paradigm which is in the contemporary cognitive science the most prevailing view of the human mind treating the mental life as a kind of computation in the sense of manipulation and transformation of syntactic structures.
|
|
|
Computational model of continuous speech segmentation process in Czech language
Stehlík, Luděk ; Smolík, Filip (referee) ; Bahbouh, Radvan (referee)
The work discusses questions about the nature of the human mind, the process of language acquisition and the cognitive development in general and presents results of computational modelling of one of the seminal developmentally-psycholinguistic phenomena - segmentation of continuous speech flow on the basis of phonotactic and prosodic cues. In the general part of the work there is at first briefly introduced the philosophical topic of mind-body problem and then there is described intellectual, historical and cognitivelyanthropological background of the computational-representational paradigm which is in the contemporary cognitive science the most prevailing view of the human mind treating the mental life as a kind of computation in the sense of manipulation and transformation of syntactic structures. There are in detail introduced two competing interpretations of this statement in the form of physical symbol system hypothesis and connectionism which differ primarily about the opinion on how far from the level of ordinary thought and concepts we should look for the formal rules specifying mental computation. There are also mentioned two alternative theories in the form of dynamic (or embodied) cognitive science and theory of distributed cognition according to which the nature of intelligence doesn't lie...
|
|
|
Effect of cognitive styles on individual's decision-making
Poláková, Lucia ; Höschlová, Eva (advisor) ; Stehlík, Luděk (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to study how cognitive styles influence decision-making. From structural point of view, the thesis is divided into two parts. In the introductory theoretical part we point at decision-making, its definition and theory, and then we deal with structure and factors which influence decision-making, as well as rules for decision-making and decision errors. In theoretical part we concentrate on cognitive styles. We define cognitive styles and present their possible classifications to a reader, at the same time we focus on few of them in detail. Thereafter we concentrate on relation between cognitive styles and decision-making. In conclusion of theoretical part we focus on adolescence, we describe specific of cognitive and emotional development, as well as adolescents' decision-making. The aim of empirical part was to find out whether decision errors occur in decision-making between older adolescents and to what extent, and how intervening variable influences them - cognitive style reflexivity-impulsivity, gender, and attended secondary school. Research consisted of 184 secondary school graduates from three secondary schools in Senica. Test TE- NA-TO was used for exploration of cognitive styles. At the same time we studied framing effect and anchoring and adjustment effect...
|
guest ::
