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Implementation of the first land reform in Czechoslovakia (including its revision) and its possible impacts on the current ownership relations to property in the Czech Republic
Šebestová, Dana ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Starý, Marek (referee)
Implementation of the first land reform in Czechoslovakia (including its revision) and its possible impacts on the current ownership relations to property in the Czech Republic Abstract The topic of my thesis is "Implementation of the first land reform in Czechoslovakia (including its revision) and its possible impacts on the current ownership relations to property in the Czech Republic". The main aim of my thesis was to analyse the possible impacts of the pre-war land reform, which took place in Czechoslovakia from the year 1919 until the year 1935, and its revision, executed according to the provisions of Act No. 142/1947 Coll., in relation to contemporary ownership in the Czech Republic. The thesis is composed of four main chapters. Chapter One is introductory and defines land reforms in general. In Chapter Two I focused on the preconditions and the reasons for the first land reform, legislation of the first land reform, its results and the way of implementing this reform. Chapter Three concerns the revision of the first land reform, especially its legislation and implementation of the revision of the first land reform in practice. In the last chapter, I analyse the possible impacts of the first land reform (including its revision) on the current ownership relations to real estate in the Czech Republic,...
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Magdeburg law in Bohemia and Moravia in the period of 14th to 16th century
Dolečková, Martina ; Starý, Marek (referee)
Magdeburg law in Bohemia and Moravia in the period of 14th to 16th century Abstract This thesis aims to discuss the development and form of Magdeburg law in the period of 14th to 16th century including the analysis of existing research about Magdeburg law. The thesis is mainly focused on Litoměřice and Olomouc as the heads of Magdeburg municipal family in Bohemia and Moravia. The thesis is based on the comprehensive analysis of Magdeburg law beginning with its origins and development trends and ending with the description and characteristic of its legal sources as well as its most important legal institutes. The thesis uses not only legal-historical, but also historical and auxiliary historical methods, specifically the method of legal analysis of the text, diplomatic method, comparative method and analysis of the literature. The aim of the thesis is first, to present the state of historical research and literature on Magdeburg law. The goal here is to offer the reader a comprehensive overview of current trends in the research, pending discourse and the various approaches to Magdeburg law. The second aim is to analyse the development of Magdeburg law with the special focus on Litoměřice and Olomouc, which could be described as the most important appealing cities within the Magdeburg legal area in Bohemia...
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The constitutional position of Slovakia in Czechoslovakia (1918 - 1992)
Hlaváč, Martin ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Starý, Marek (referee)
Constitutional position of Slovakia in Czechoslovakia (1918 - 1992) ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) This thesis deals with the constitutional status of Slovakia within Czechoslovakia in the years 1918 - 1992, i.e. throughout the existence of the common state of Czechs and Slovaks. The work is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the establishment of Czechoslovakia and the period of the so-called First Czechoslovak Republic (until 1938). In addition to the establishment of Czechoslovakia itself, it deals with the agreements of exile representations that preceded it, in more detail the Slovak autonomous movement and the constitutional proposals that emerged from this environment. The second chapter is focused on the position of autonomous Slovakia in the period of the so-called second Czech-Slovak Republic (1938 - 1939), analyzes the actual and constitutional acceptance of Slovakia's autonomy within the Czecho-Slovakia. He pays attention both to the historical circumstances of the adoption of the so-called Žilina Agreement in October 1938 and the Constitutional Act on the Autonomy of Slovakia in November 1938. The third chapter describes the constitutional situation of Czechs and Slovaks during the Second World War (1939 - 1945), briefly deals with the establishment of the Protectorate of Bohemia...
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Local people's courts in Jablonec area
Beerová, Zuzana ; Starý, Marek (referee)
Local people's courts in Jablonec area Abstract The thesis Local people's courts in Jablonec area consists of two basic parts. The general part applies generally to the institution of people's courts, their ideological grounds, the local people's courts statute and it's interpretation, the problems of chosen institutes are connected to the people's courts statute and to the activities of these courts. In the special part consisted by the parts 2 - 4 focuses the thesis on the application and comparison of findings from the general part to experiences of concrete local people's courts in Jablonec area, precisely in the district of Jablonec nad Nisou. For the general part were as sources used mainly periodical monographs dedicated to the theme local people's courts and periodical articles in the specialized journals Právník and Socialistická zákonnost. The thesis is also based on contemporary articles, mainly from the L. Soukup's article. In the special part processes the thesis the accessible archival funds about concrete local people's courts kept in the State district archives in Jablonec nad Nisou and Most. The local people's courts were an experiment of the socialistic judiciary situated on the boundary of executive and judicial power, with a character similar to the nowadays district courts and offence...
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Nobility and codification of czech municipal law
Bartoň, Miroslav ; Starý, Marek (advisor) ; Šouša, Jiří (referee)
Nobility and the codification of the Bohemian town law Abstract This thesis is concerned with the influence of the nobility in the process of codifying Bohemian town law, in particular during the sixteenth century, and with the reasons of success of the Town laws of the Bohemian kingdom by Pavel Kristián of Koldín. It describes the evolution of royal towns and town law from the Hussite Revolution to the release of the Town laws, and the particularities of the areas of law relevant to this matter, meaning the north-German and the south-German areas of law. It briefly covers the beginning of the Estates period and its influence on the Bohemian towns, especially the adoption of Vladislav land order and the disputes that followed. The codification attempt of Brikcí of Licsko is observed next, as well as its source materials and the reasons why his work never become a sanctioned codification of town law. Particular importance is given to the evolution of political situation from the viewpoint of the towns and to their relations with the nobility from the resolution of the Bohemian Diet that the town law shall be codified, adopted in the year 1545, until the release of the Koldín's codex in the year 1579. It explores the reasons why the creation and sanctioning of an acceptable codification took such a long time,...
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Constitutio Criminalis Josephina and its influence on the decision-making practice of the Court of Appeal: Sexual offences in the years 1687-1727
Vacek, Josef ; Starý, Marek (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
Thesis title in English Constitutio Criminalis Josephina and its influence on the decision-making practice of the Court of Appeal: Sexual offences in the years 1687-1727 Abstract This paper captures the development of the juridical practice of the Prague Court of Appeal between years 1687-1727 and examines the influence of the Constitutio Criminalis Josephina of 1707/8 on this practice. The research is focused on punishing of the sexual offenses, ie adultery, bigamy, fornication, incest, rape and sodomy. The primary sources for the research are law codes, especially Koldín's Code Práva městská Království českého (1579) and "Josephina"; besides them others are used: the Constitutio Criminalis Carolina (1532), the Constitutio Criminalis Ferdinandea (1656) and Brikcí's Práva městská (1536). The practice of the appellate court itself has been examined on the basis of the books of sentences that contain the judgments of that court. Firstly, the relevant legislation of the period was described for each of the offenses and then the judicial practice was examined. The applied methodology can be qualified as quantitative-qualitative comparative analysis which makes possible recognizing the changes that occurred with the implementation of "Josephina". The main findings of the thesis suggest that "Josephina" was an...
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Treason and high treason in czech legal history
Novotný, Patrik ; Starý, Marek (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
High Treason and Treason against the Homeland in the History of Czech Law Key words High Treason, Treason, History Abstract The diploma thesis "High Treason and Treason against the Homeland in the History of Czech Law" deals with two constitutional and criminal law institutes, which seem similar at first glance. These notions have appeared relatively abundantly in the history of Czech law and their meaning and definition have undergone several significant changes. Hence, the objective of this study is to provide, inter alia, a sufficiently detailed description of the historical development of both institutes in these intertwined branches of law. The descriptive historical part constitutes the basis for the second comprehensive part, a legal comparison between high treason and treason against the homeland either in each of the relevant branches or across them. The final chapter of the thesis, which is based on current knowledge, makes a comparison between these notions in the present Czech and Austrian law. The factors relevant for the first of the objectives of this diploma thesis - a historical description of high treason and treason against the homeland - are historical events and the related laws, as well as the changing political culture or the demand of those in power for the enactment of legal...
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The Habsburgs and the Silesian Princes. The Status of Silesian Principalitiesˈ Rulers within the Habsburg Monarchy and the Holy Roman Empire in the Early Modern Period
Schindlerová, Karolína ; Županič, Jan (advisor) ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee) ; Starý, Marek (referee)
Silesia greatly differed from other lands of the Bohemian Crown with regard to its specific political, administrative, religious and cultural development. This situation was caused partly due to the fragmentation of Silesian territory. In the Middle Ages, Silesia was divided among many independent principalities ruled by the members of the Piast Dynasty. During the 14th century the Silesian princes accepted the sovereignty of the Bohemian king. When the ruling dynasties died out, these principalities were inherited by the Crown. The king could then grant the principality to the members of noble families. At the same time as the Habsburgs entered the Bohemian throne, reformation began to spread in Silesia. By the end of 16th century most of the Silesian princes had converted to lutheranism. The only Catholic prince was the bishop of Wrocław as a master of Nysa principality. Approximately 90 percent of the Silesian inhabitants had become Lutheran by the end of 16th century. Confesinal tensions were simmering throughout the Habsburg Monarchy. With the help of Bohemian estates, the protestant Silesian princes received the letter of majesty containing religious rights (1609). Due to the violations of religious freedom, the Silesian princes and estates joined the Bohemian revolt (1619) After the defeat...
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The Expulsion of Germans from the Area of Šluknov in the Years 1945 - 1947
Jahoda, Štěpán ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Starý, Marek (referee)
The goal of the thesis "Transfer of Germans between years 1945-1947 in Šluknov region" is to analyze processes that started after the end of World War II in the Šluknov region and were directly related to the transfer of Germans from the territory of the Czechoslovak Republic. It closely studies the documentation of the transfer inside the Šluknov region, i.e. it is partly an analysis of the legal form, which was the basis for the transfer and mainly an analysis of the complications, which occurred during the transfer, and the practice of the administration when dealing with these complications. I am working with the documents from the local state archive in Děčín and based on these documents I am trying to closely reconstruct the process of the transfer of Germans from the Czechoslovak Republic. I have focused on trying to get a closer look at the conditions in the collecting camps, where the Germans were awaiting the transfer. I am also addressing the problem of German antifascists and their transfer. The issue of the influence of the need to retain the industrial plants in the Šluknov region in good working condition during the transfer is also examined. At the end I am trying to confront the individual transports to the American occupation zone and to the Soviet occupation zone and also find out some...
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Separation of Luxembourg from the Lands of the Bohemian Crown
Stehlík, Martin ; Starý, Marek (advisor) ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee)
The subject matter of this rigorosum thesis is to provide a description and an analysis of process of separation of Luxembourg (and Chiny) from the Lands of the Bohemian Crown. This topic was chosen for reason that this process of separation was never described and analysed neither by Czech nor foreign historiography so far. Thesis is primarily based on original sources and works with citations of contents of legal documents. The Introduction of this thesis especially outlines the importance of thesis and introduces essential and current literature and other sources. The first chapter which follows the Introduction generally describes the process of incorporation of Luxembourg among the Lands of the Bohemian Crown. Next chapter is focused on takeover of Luxembourg by the King Wenceslas IV for the reason of his succession after Wenceslas I of Luxembourg and afterwards takeover this duchy by Jobst of Moravia and Louis I of Orléans, both for the reason of Lien Agreements. This chapter also highlights origins of Burgundian expansion into Luxemburg based on the marriage contract between Elizabeth of Görlitz and Anthony of Brabant. Third chapter deals with the endeavour of Emperor Sigismund of Luxembourg and King Albert II of Germany to keep Luxembourg for Bohemian Crown and simultaneously the endeavour of Philip...
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