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The issue of moral education in Czech schools
Šťastná, Kamila ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Pelcová, Naděžda (referee) ; Haškovcová, Helena (referee)
The thesis deals with moral (ethical) education in Czech schools. It tries to extend the current complementary discipline of ethical education by the Konstanz Method of Dilemma- Discussion (hereinafter KMDD) whose objective is to develop moral competence. For this purpose, it follows the tradition of moral education in Czech schools and pays attention to the diversity of the concept of moral education. It introduces the main psychological backgrounds of moral education and also the theories that focus on the "measurement" of morality. The thesis analyses the contemporary Czech concept of ethical education, maps the situation of moral education with respect to our neighbours, and then presents the Konstanz Method of Dilemma-Discussion. Part of the dissertation is its research section in which Czech pupils were subjected to a KMDD examination through research. Keywords: moral education, ethics education, method, concept, tradition, measurement of morality, Konstanz Method of Dilemma Discussion
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The Home of the Phenomenologists. The Circle of Bergzabern in the Context of the Early Phenomenological Movement.
Feldes, Joachim ; Sepp, Hans Rainer (advisor) ; Sokol, Jan (referee) ; Ales Bello, Angela (referee)
The Bergzabern Circle, whose significance was first identified by Herbert Spiegelberg in his Phenomenological Movement and later underscored by Eberhard Avé-Lallemant, is one of the groups of critical importance to Edith Stein, due to her life-long focus on the communities within and through which she lived and for which she felt responsible. This applies, of course, to her family and to religious communities such as the Cologne and the Echt Carmel, as well as to groups within the Phenomenological Movement and the movement itself. Stein was a member of the inner circle alongside Theodor Conrad, Hedwig Conrad-Martius, Jean Hering, Hans Lipps, Alexandre Koyré and the hitherto much neglected Alfred von Sybel. In Stein's thinking and work after World War I, she benefits substantially from this exchange of ideas, and many of her propositions cannot be correctly interpreted without reference to this circle. For example, any account of her Speyer Years (1923-31) that fails to adequately discuss Stein's relationships with and visits to Bergzabern, must remain incomplete, as it lacks an essential dimension of Stein's personality. What shaped the group's beginnings and its goals was the young phenomenologists' turning away from the 'transcendental' Husserl and towards Reinach in the Göttingen Philosophical...
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Authorship between ethics, law and technology
Kratochvílová, Marie ; Pinc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Sokol, Jan (referee) ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (referee)
AUTHORSHIP BETWEEN ETHICS, LAW AND TECHNOLOGY In the present thesis, I focus on the relation between the concept of authorship and the development of new technologies, linked to the transformation of the ethical paradigm. I focus on the author as a person, on the ethical aspect of authorship and its protection within society, on traditional rules of polite and honest behaviour which are intertwined with the codification of legal protection of the rights of the author. The discussion takes place on two levels which have co-existed since authorship came into existence: one of them is the protection of the rights of authors, including the introduction of copyright, the other is the attempt to infringe on these rights in order to allow for the free sharing of cultural property as well as of the results of scientific work. In the Introduction, I provide an overview of the transformation of the relation between the author and society, between authorship and its legal basis. I focus mainly on its philosophical aspects, reflecting the state of technological development and the situation in society. I follow the differentiation between divine inspiration (claim for the truth) and the concept of authorship (claim for a salary), which first came into prominence toward the end of the archaic period. I...
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Human nature as a task. On human nature in the Nicomachean Ethics
Synek, Stanislav ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Jirsa, Jakub (referee) ; Špinka, Štěpán (referee)
Title: Human Nature as a Man's Task. Study of Human Nature in the Nicomachean Ethics Author: Mgr. Stanislav SYNEK Department: Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague Supervisor: prof. PhDr. Jan SOKOL, Ph.D., CSc. Abstract: The thesis concentrates on two basic concepts of Aristotle's ethics: happiness (EUDAIMONIA) and (human) nature (FYSIS). It's main aim is to show that human nature is not a state into which an individual is born but an end that is to be achieved through excellent, i.e. virtuous activity during the course of the whole human life. In chapter one ethics is introduced as a theoretical enquiry that is trying to understand the true nature of this end (EUDAIMONIA). This enquiry must be based on practical effort of acquiring the requisite excellence, which is shown in chapters two and three. The best human life consists in performing excellent actions. Thus excellence is a criterion of what is good or bad in terms ofliving the best way life. But excellence for Aristotle is not a general concept: it is always a disposition of some individual that is manifested in his actions and in the way he understands variable actual situations. Emphasis on excellence so understood means also that human nature demonstrates itself not (only) in what is usual or common but also on what is...
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Personal freedom and bonum commune analysis of work theory of justice John Rawls christian ethics from the perspective
Novitzky, Peter ; Rethmann, Albert-Peter (advisor) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee) ; Sokol, Jan (referee)
This work tries to present the importance of the theory of justice of John Rawls from the point of view of Christian ethics, pointing out selected aspect of this theory. The basis for this reflection gives the fact, that the theory of justice of John Rawls is repeatedly cited in the presentations of the principles of Catholic social teaching. In some points they show similarities, in others are in opposition. Furthermore, John Rawls formulates his formal theory in a way to make it acceptable for every rational human being. In this group are also included persons with religious and moral ideas, or how John Rawls call them himself: people with comprehensive doctrines. The rationale to examine the theory of justice is justified also by the fact that Rawls ascribes not ignorable function in the aforementioned theory to religious ideas. Thirdly, in the case of John Rawls is possible to see one of the advocates and fore-representative of the liberal tradition. Liberalism is, because of its ambiguous definition but simultanously real presence in the society and thinking of people, not ignorable challenge for the Church and religious ideas, with which she already tries for two hundred years to tackle. In this work therefore will be presented the life and works of John Rawls, together with the basic theses of...
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